4 carb acids

1

Сarboxylic acids.

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CH3COOH - ethanoic or aceticC2H5COOH - propanoic or propionic acidC3H7COOH - butanoic or butyric acidC4H9COOH - pentanoic or valeric acidC5H11COOH - hexanoic or caproic acidC6H13COOH - heptanoic acid 

- methanoic or formic

Fatty acids.C15H31COOH - palmitic acidC16H33COOH - margaric acidC17H35COOH - stearic acid 

Monocarboxylic acids.

3

Dicarboxylic acids.

HOOC-COOH oxalic acidHOOC-CH2-COOH malonic acidHOOC-(CH2)2-COOH succinic acidHOOC-(CH2)3-COOH glutaric acidHOOC-(CH2)4-COOH adipic acidCiS-HOOC-CH=CH-COOH maleic acidTrans HOOC-CH=CH-COOH fumaric acid

4

Phtalic acid

Isophtalic acid

Terephtalic acid

5

Carboxylic acids structure.

Associated, because of hydrogen bonds.Formic acid dimer

Acylate anion

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CH3COOH < HCOOH < ClCH2-COOH < Cl2CH-COOH AcidityChemical Propertires.1. As an acid.

CH3 COOH + Zn (CH3COO)2Zn + H22

+ NaOH CH3COONa + H2OCH3COOH

+ Na2CO3 CH3COONa + H2CO3CH3COOH2 2CO2

H2O

CH3 COOH + CuO (CH3COO)2Cu + H2O

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2. Nucleophylic Substitution Reactions (SN)

• Esteriphication Reactions

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CH3 CO

O H H O C2H5

CH3 CO

O C2H5 H O H++

H2SO4

R C

O

OH R C

O

X

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• Anhydrates

a)

b)

CH3 CO

OH+ PCl5 CH3 C

O

Cl+ POCl3 + ClH

CH3 CO

O H

CH3 CO

OCH3 C

O

+ H2O

CH3 CO

O H

P2O5

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Phtalyc acid Anhydrate

c)

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Decarboxilation

CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3

t

CH3 CO

NH2

CH3 CO

OH

NH3CH3 C

O

O NH4+

t

-H2O•

Amides Formation•

3.

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4. Radical’s Reactions. SR : CH3-COOH + 3Cl2 Cl3C-COOH + 3HCl

CH2=CH-COOH + HBr → CH2Br-CH2-COOHAE :

hν

SE

CH2 COOHCH3

Cl2, P-HCl

CH COOHCH3

Cl

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•

•

•

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7. Oxidation

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•

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8. Amide formation

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