Different Type of Compressors
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Different Type of
Compressors
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Different Type of Compressors
• Positive Displacement
Compressors
• 1- Reciprocating
• 2- Rotary
• 2-1 Vane
• 2-2 lobe
• 2-3 Screw
• Dynamic Compressors
• 1- Axial
• 2- Radial Centrifugal
compressor)
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Types of Compressors
• Axial Compressors
• Fluid flow is parallel to axis of rotation
• Used in modern aircraft
• Have several stages to increase compressor
pressureratio
• Used in modern gas turbine engines
• Centrifugal Compressor
• Fluid flow is perpendicular to the axis of rotation
• Used in first jet turbine engines
• Have a larger CPR per stage
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Axial Compressors
• What is it?
A number of stages of alternate rotating andstationary airfoil-section blades, attached to discsor a drum, which force the incoming air through a
divergent angular duct.
• How does it work?
Air is accelerated as it passes through each stage by rotating blades and forced rearwards throughstationary blades which reduce velocity andincrease pressure.
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Advantages of Axial-Flow
Compressors
• High overall pressure ratio (p)• High h
• Small front area (high mass flux)
• Steady increase in p/stage
• High Mach numbers
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Disadvantages of Axial-Flow
Compressors
• Good efficiency over narrow rotational speed
range.• Difficulty of manufacture and high cost.
• Relatively high weight.
• High starting power requirements (this has been
partially overcome by split compressors).
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Basic Design of Axial
Compressor
• The axial compressor produces small
increases in pressure per stage
• Each stage consists of first a revolving rotor
followed by a stationary stator
• The rotor gives the energy to the fluid flow
• The stator increases pressure and keeps the
flow from spiraling around the axis.
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Basic Design of Axial
Compressor
• Fluid enters compressor where the blades
are longer and exits where blades are
shorter, opposite of the turbine
• Must be designed in such a way as to
prevent stall
• Use of velocity diagrams will determine blades angles
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Multistage axial compressors
• Multistage axial flow compressors will produce much larger CPR then single stage
compressors• Largest pressure ratio is in first stage
• To calculate the average pressure ratio
• needed per stage for a set pressure ratio• ASPR = PRtotal^ 1/n
• Where n is the number of stages needed
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Axial and Centrifugal Compressor
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Three stage Axial Compressor
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Schematicdiagram of
changes in fluid
properties and
velocity through
an axialcompressor
stage.
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Axial Compressor Section
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Axial Compressor Cutaway
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Axial Compressor First Stage
Rotor
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Axial Compressor Rotor and
Casing
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Stage Pressure Ratio and Speeds