3rd Secondary 9

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absorb LandscapeAbsorbent LiftAffect lightningatmosphere Lunar eclipse

Average Naturalbeneath NatureBlow down Nearby

cause NorthCentigrade northernChangeable occur Coast Occurrence Cold Partial eclipsecommon phenomenallyCover phenomenonDegrees Planet

Destroy PortDisappear rainfallDisaster Recorddrought safelyEast sightEastern sight eclipse skinEconomics SnowEconomy Solar eclipseEffect southelectrical storm SoutherlyErupt southernEruption Speedexplain Storm chasersExplanation - Storms

Fall sunglassesfloat Sunshine .

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forecast - surfacefreeze TemperatureFull Total eclipsegas ultraviolet rays

Get burnt Unusualgiant violentget burnt Volcanicgeyser volcanoHail warnharmful wavesHot WestHuman beings Western

Inform Windy

Nature

All the plants, creatures , substances and forces that exist in the universe,which arent made by people .

absorb

Take in- if a substance absorbs a liquid, it takes it inthrough its surface and holds it. E.g. The fabric absorbsall the moisture, keeping your skin dry.

He is absorbed in his computer game. He doesntnotice us.

Eclipse

When the sun or moon seems to disappear, because one

of them is passing between the other and the Earth.(Solar eclipse lunar eclipse partialeclipse total eclipse )

Geyser a hole in the Earth from which hot water can rise

Harmful causing damage or harm .e.g. Smoking is harmful to

your health

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Sight - The ability to see. E.g. Doctors managed to save his

sight.

At the first sight

the sights - long/short sightedUltraviolet rays

light which can make people's skin go darker

infrared raysCause (v) -

Make something happen. E.g. The hurricane caused

widespread damage.drought

A long period when there is no rain and people donthave enough water

lightning A sudden flash of light in the sky during a storm. E.g.

thunder and lightningEX: He was struck by lightning and killed.

Northern

In or from the north part of a country or area.NorthernerNortherly (adj.) ) )Ex : Canada is most northerly point.

Occur To happen, especially without being planned first.

phenomenon Something that happens or exists, especially

something that is unusual or difficult to understand.Phenomena (pl.) Phenomenal (adj.) phenomenally (adv.)

rainfall

The amount of rain that falls in a particular place at a particular time.

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Southern In or from the south part of a country or area.

southernersoutherly (adj.) ) )

EX : A southerly wind comes from the south .Prepositions

Take thetemperature

around amillion people

look straight at like Warn about see giant pieces

of ice falling

harmful to cause terribledamage

Give out Ice Age about 6,000 degreescentigrade

6000 all over theworld

beneath the sea Do harm

Be right to In the south /north of

-

..

Under EX:The pen is under the book. Below EX: There are a few huts below themountain. Beneath EX: she hid the money beneaththe pile of clothes

Right (adj.) = correct EX: They are right to thinkpositively. a / the right (n.) EX: The public has the right toknow about this.

Blow blew blown (v.)

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Blow up

Ex : He blew up the balloon .

The terrorists blew up an office building in the city centre.

My father blew up at me when I told him what had happened.Blow down

The wind blew the trees down.

Blow outEmma blew out the candle .

Blow over = stop endThe storm has blown over .

Sink sank sunk/sunken drown Float

Ex:The titanic sank after hitting an ice berg.

The people drowned in a boat accident yesterday.

A plastic bag floated in the water.

Drought draught

Ex : There is a terrible draught coming from under the door .

A severe drought ruined the crops.

Verb Noun Adjective absorb Absorption AbsorbentDestroy Destruction Destructive

Erupt Eruption EruptingExplain Explanation ExplanatoryOccur Occurrence -

Eclipse Eclipse -- Nature Natural

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Drought = dryness = aridity Western # Eastern

Northerly # southerly

West # East Northern# Southern

westerner # easterner

North # South Westerly # Easterly

northerner # southerner

Amena: We've been learning that some people are afraid that the light from the sunmight go out permanently during an eclipse.

Professor: Really? Well, that couldn't happen, of course. But people are right tothink that the sun is very important.Shahd: Yes, that's right. If we didn't get heat and light from the sun, there would beno life on Earth, would there?Professor: Definitely not! Human beings have always understood this,Shahd: So, what exactly is the Sun, Professor?Professor: It's a giant ball of hot gasses. Which is 150 million kilometres from the Earth.Amena: Wow! As far as that! Do we know how hot it is? 'Professor: Yes; we do have this information. The surface of the sun is about 6,000degrees centigrade, but if you took the temperature at the centre of the sun , you'dfind it was more like 15 million degrees.Shahd: That is incredible.Professor: The sun gives us heat and light, which we need, but it also gives out x-rays and ultraviolet rays, which can be very harmful to life.Shahd: Really? Can you explain why they dont harm us, then?Professor: I'll try and explain. Most of these rays are absorbed in the atmosphere,so they aren't able to affect us. But I ought to warn you about one very important thing.Shahd: ' What's that? 'Professor: The sun is incredibly strong and you should never look straight at it. Ifyou look at the sun, you'll damage your sight.Shahd:' Is it OK if you look at the sun wearing sunglasses?"Professor:No, I'm afraid its not. A friend of mine thought that, but he now hasproblems with his eyes. If he hadnt looked at the sun, he wouldnt have damagedhis Sight. Just remember. Never look at the sun.

Read Unusual Weather 191


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ingFor most people, the word weathermeans the sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live insouthern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is lessrain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for a weather

forecast to surprise us.However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For example, people haveseen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you sawa ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floatingthrough your home? Weather experts call these balls ball lightning.Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town ofDunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves andviolent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The

worst storm in Britain killed more than 8,000 people in 1703. The worst flood inhistory was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around amillion people.Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperaturesand very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in someplaces and floods in others. However, this is not a modernphenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age whenrivers like the River Thames in England froze. What will happen to our weather in

the future? No one knows, but one day 'unusual' weather may not be unusual anymore.

1- Respond to each of the following situations :1-Your friend says that the sun is a giant ball of hotgasses; it is 150 million km from the Earth2 Your friend asks you why ultraviolet rays dont harm

us.3 Your friend thinks that the sun rays arent harmful toour sight.4 Your brother asks you what the word" nature" means.2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language eachof the following two min-dialogues :

1- A:- What's wrong with this television?

B:- I spilled a cup of tea on it and it wentup in smoke. Then it stopped working.

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A:- I think it will need a lot of repair. Let me check it first.

2)A: Do you remember what happened? B: No, I just remember waking up in the road.

A: How do you fell now? B: Not too bad. Will I have to stay here tonight? A: We are not sure yet. We will have to check

you have no broken bones.

3-Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :Listening Ex l

Some people are afraid that the light from the sun might go out ..during an eclipse.

a-permanent

b-permanently

c-temporary

d-temporarily

2- People . right to think that the sun is very important.a- have b- do c- had c- are

If we didn't get heat and light from the sun, there be no life on Earth.a- will b- will have c- would

have

d- would

4- The sun is a giant ball of hot .. Which is 150 million kilometresfrom the Earth.a- air b- gasses c- gas d- oxygen

How . is the sun? The surface of the sun is about 6,000 degreescentigradea-hot b- heat c- much d- far6- If you took the temperature at its , you'd find it was more

like 15 million degrees.a- surface b- centre c- end d- bottom

The sun gives us heat and light, but it also gives out x-rays and ultravioletrays, which can be very harmful.. life.a- to b- for c- with d- by8- Most of these rays are ..in the atmosphere, so they aren'table to affect us.

a- absorbent b- indulged c- absorbed d- taken9- I ought to warn you one very important thing.

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a- about b- to c- for d- by10- The sun is incredibly strong and you should never look ..at it. Ifyou look at the sun, you'll damage your sight.a- straight b-straightly c- deeply d-

straighten11- He now has problems his eyes as he has looked at the sun.a- in b- by c- with d- of

2- If he hadnt looked at the sun, he wouldnt have damaged his...a- site b- insight c- sight d-slightness

S.B Exercise3- If you live in Europe or Africa, temperatures are high and there is

little rain .a- south b- southerly c- southern d-

southerner4- It is unusual for a weather . to surprise us.

a- foretell b- foresee c- forecast d- prophecy5- People have seen giant pieces of ice .. from the sky.

a- fall b- to fall c- fell d- falling

6- Some storms are very .and may cause terrible damage.a- unusual b-usual c- usually d- unusually

7- Dunwich was once an important port, but in the 14th century, most of thetown disappeared .the sea.a-below b- under c- beneath d-behind

8- The . storm in Britain killed more than 8,000 people in 1703.a- worse b- bad c- worst d- best

9- The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River.. and killed around a million people.a- flooded b- raised c- rose d- increased

0- Unusual weather is becoming more., with very high or lowtemperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world.a- usual b- normal c- ordinary d- common

1- In Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age whenrivers like the River Thames in England ..

a- freeze b- froze c- dried d- vaporized22- Life on Earth depends on heat and light from the sun.

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a- sun b- moon c- planets d- universe23- If something ..liquid, heat, etc., it takes in the liquid, heat, etc.,through its surface

a- dries b- vaporizes c- solidifies d- absorbs

24- .is all the plants, creatures, substances and forces that exist inthe universe, which arent made by people.a- Nature b-

Environment

c-Atmosphere

d-Surroundings

25- occurs when the sun or moon seems to disappear, becauseone of them is passing between the other and the Earth.

a- Solareclipse

b- Lunareclipse

c- Totaleclipse

d- Eclipse

26- is a hole in the Earth from which hot water can rise.a- Well b- Spring c- Geyser d- Fountain

27- He is blind as he has lost his ..a- hearing b- sight c- smell d- sense

28- People's skin goes darker because ofa- infrared

rays

b-

ultravioletrays

c- sun rays d- beams

29- .is a long period when there is no rain and people dont haveenough water.

a- Hurricane b- Rainfall c- Drought d-Starvation

30- A sudden flash of light in the sky during a storm is called

a- lightning b- thunder c- storm d- tornado31- The north part of a country or area is called

a- north b- northern c- northerly d-northerner

32- A ..wind comes from the north.a- north b- northern c- northerly d-

northerner33- The south part of a country is called ..

a- south b- southern c- southerly d-

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southerner34- A .wind comes from the south.

a- south b- southern c- southerly d-southerner

35- Volcanoes, drought and rainfall are all ..a-phenomenon

b-demonstrations

c-Phenomena

d- features

36- The .place in the world is Port Martin in Antarctica.a- windy b- windier c- windiest d- winy37- The wind speed is 64 km an hour.

a- central b- medium c- average d- normal38- The wind is so strong that it can lift people off their .a- bodies b- hands c- feet d- heads

W.B Exercise39- The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to the see

the ... . .a- well b- spring c- geyser d- streams40- If it rains so hard that the soil cannot. .water quickly enough, thereare floods.a- drink b- soak c- absorb d- take41- When there is an/a . of the sun, everything goes dark and thebirds stop singing..a- eclipse b-

disappearance

c- missing d- loss

42- You cannot see ..................... but they can still damage your skin.a- rays b- sun

raysc-ultravioletrays

d- sunbeams

43- She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong withher. a- hearing b- sight c- insight d- sights44- Scientists are not sure what volcanoes to erupt.

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a- makes b- lets c- causes d-encourages

45- An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural.......................

a- disaster b-dilemma c-phenomenon

d-catastrophe

46- Storms can ...................... at any time and in any place..a- occur b- take

partc- take theplace of

d- incur

47- It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest.............. anyonecan remember.

a- draught b- drought c- draft d- drift48- When I was a child, I used to be afraid of storms. I covered my eyes sothat I could not see 'the ...................... ..

a- light b- thunder c- lightning d- lights49- Alexandria is in the....... of Egypt..

a-northerly

b-northerner

c- northern d- north

50- Electrical storms are a common ............. in our part of the country..a- occur b-

occurringc-occurrence

d- incur

51- Those trees have grown ...................... tall in the last two years.a-phenomenon

b-phenomenal

c-phenomena

d-phenomenally

52- Where we live, the wind usually blows in a ...................... direction.

a- south b- southern c-southerner d-southerly53- Very. temperatures can make people ill.

a- big b- great c- gross d- high54- Dunwich was destroyed by waves and .. storms.

a- high b- tall c- long d- deepa- cruel b- violent c- hard d- stiff

55- Storms can cause damage..a- serious b- strong c- high d- lot

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56- .rain and .. winds destroyed buildings allover the country.a- Heavy b- Strong c- hard d- higha- heavy b- strong c- hard d- high57- Denmark is in Europe.

a- north b-northern

c-northerly

d-northerner

4-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( basedon vocabulary)

1. Alex is in the northern of Egypt.2. The boat was damaged by tall waves.3. The wind comes from western direction.4. It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest draught

5. Strong rain caused a lot of damage.6. The north part of a country or area is called northerly.

5-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( basedon vocabulary)

1. The sun is made of hot rock.2. The distance between the sun and the Earth is 50 million kilometres.3. The temperature at the surface of the sun is 15 million degrees.4. The atmosphere doesnt absorb most of the sun's harmful rays.

5. You can look at the sun safely if you are wearing sunglasses6. The plural of phenomenon is phenomenons.

6-Translate into Arabic:The worst storm in Britain killed more than 8,000 people in 1703. The

worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River floodedand killed around a million people.7-Translate into English:

1.

2. -

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Second conditional

If+ past simple + would+ infinitive:If you walked all the way, it would take about three hours.

I would go to the beach if it were summer.

Use the second conditional to refer to Things that are possible but unlikely in the future.EX :I would watch the football match if they showed it on television.

(I do not think they will show it.)things which are unreal or impossible.Ex : If I were you, I'd listen to the weather forecast before going for apicnic.

(I am not you and can never be you.)Third conditional

If+ past perfect + would have + past participle:

If you hadn't phoned, I wouldn't have known you were back from your

holiday.

If I had not gone to that school, I would not have met you.

Use the third conditional to refer to An imagined action in the past.Ex : If it had continued raining, the town would have flooded.

(But it did not continue raining and the town did not flood.)Ex : If he had been taller, he would have been a basketball player.

)But he is/was not taller and he did not become a basketball player(.

Notes

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I feel so tired. I cant come out with you. (If) If I didn't feel so tired, I'd come out with you.

If I were ten years younger, I'd go mountaineering.If I were a bird, I'd fly.

:He doesnt pay attention in class, so he gets poor grades. (Hewouldnt) He wouldnt get poor grades if he paid attention in class.

was/were I/he/she/itIf I was/were rich, Id travel round the world.

She isnt a doctor. She cant write a prescription. (If) If she was/were a doctor, she could write a prescription

so because

if :If he had my telephone number, he could give me a ring.(So/because)

He doesnt have my telephone number, so he cant give me a ring.He cant give me a ring because he doesnt have my telephone number.Were +subject+ to+inf. If he pleased his boss, he would get a rise. (Were..) Wereheto please his boss, he would get a rise.If I were rich, I would buy a big house. Were I rich, I would buy a big house.

If WithoutBut for + n. / v+ing , would + inf.If it werent forWithout his help, I would fail. (If it) If it werent for his help, I would fail.

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What would you do if you won a lot of money? If you won a lot of money, what would you do?

:You should work hard. (If)

If I were you, Id work hard.

Should + + inf. If he trains hard, he will win the race. Should he train hard, he will win the race.

.Had instead of if1- If he had followed the instructions, the machine

wouldn't have stopped. (Had)

Had he followed the instructions, the machinewouldn't have stopped.

:(if )He didnt travel to New York, so he didnt see the

Statue of Liberty. (He would) He would have seen the Statue of Liberty ifhe hadtravelled to New York. so because

if :Ifhe had been honest, he wouldn't have lied toher. (Because)

He lied to her because he wasnt honest.(if) WithoutBut for + n. / v+ing would have +PP.If it hadnt been for

But for his help, I would have failed.

(If it)

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If it hadnt been for his help, I would havefailed.

(if ) in case ofIn case of + n. / (v+ing)Ifhe arrives tomorrow, well meet him.

In case ofhis arrival tomorrow, well meethim.

In case ofhis arriving tomorrow, wellmeet him.

Unless = Ifnot This food tastes bad. There is too much salt in it.(If../ Unless)

Ifthere wasn't / weren't too much salt in this food,it wouldn't taste bad. Unless there was / were too much salt in this food,

it wouldn't taste bad.

Common errors

No te srongor rec tIn second conditionalsentences, the verbin the main part ofthe sentence iswould; not will.

If you walked allthe way, it willtake about threehours.

If you walked allthe way, it wouldtake about threehours.

In third conditionalsentences, the verb

in the if-clause is inthe past perfect.

If it would haveContinuedraining, the town

If it had continuedraining, the townwould have

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Would have isused in the main

part.

would haveflooded.

flooded.

In third conditionalsentences, use thepast perfect in the if-clause, not the pastsimple.

If I went toEngland, I wouldhave met my penfriend.

If I had gone toEngland, I wouldhave met my penfriend.

Asking for & giving explanation1 Can you explain why ? Let me explain

2 Do you know how ..?

I will try and explain.3 I would like to know how Here's whathappened..

4 How on earth ? What happened was

5- What exactly is..? It is .

1-Respond to each of thefollowing situations:1- A friend asks you why the moon disappears during the lunareclipse.2- You ask your friend why the solar eclipse happens.3- A friend asks why the sun disappears during the solar eclipse.4-A friend asks you what the sun is.2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language eachof the following two min-dialogues :

1) A: At last we are here. What timedoes our flight leave, dad?B: At midday. We have still got lost of time.A: Are you sure we have everything we need?B: Yes, I am sure .please stop worrying, Ali!.

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2- A: So, for your homework, I want you all to makea list of all the plants growing in your neighbourdhood.

B: Shall we just write the names of the plants? A: No, write the names and a short description.

B: When is the homework for? A: Next Thursday, please.S.BChoose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d

1- If we didn't get heat and light from the sun, there.. no life on Earth.a- would be b- will be c- is d- would

have been2- If you. the temperature at its centre, you'd find it was 15 million

degrees.a- take c- took d- had

takend- d take

If you look at the sun, you.your sight.a- damage b- d

damagec- lldamage

d- would havedamage

.. OK if you look at the sun wearing sunglasses?

a- was it b- will it be c- would itbe

d- Is it

If he .at the sun, he wouldn't have damaged his sight.d-wouldntlook

c- doesntlook

b- didntlook

a- hadn'tlooked

If it hadn't rained so heavily, we .floods.d- hadnt

had

c- wouldnt

have had

b- wont

have

a- wouldnt

haveI .. to the moon if I were asked.d- wouldhave gone

c- will gob- would goa- go

If it is very hot tomorrow, we .. to the beach.a- dont go b- wouldnt

goc- wontgo

d- wouldnthave gone

People who live near volcanoes leave home if they..a- erupt b- erupted c- had d- will erupt

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erupted0- If I were you, I........ to the weather forecast before deciding where to gotomorrow.a- will listen b- would

listen

c- would have

listened

d- listen

1- If the storm had reached the city, houses and shops ................d- wouldhave beendestroyed

c- would havedestroyed

b- would bedestroyed

a- will bedestroyed

2- What would happen if a huge storm .. the coast of Egypt?a- hits b- hit c- would hit d- would

have hit3- If we didn't get heat and light from the sun, there would be no life on

Earth, ..?a- will they b- did we c- did there d- would

there4- If you took the temperature at the centre of the sun, you. it was more

like 15 million degrees.a- 'd find b- will find c- would

have found

d- can find

5- If he hadnt looked at the sun, he wouldnt have damaged his Sight.a- woulddamage

b- wouldhavedamaged

c- wouldntdamage

d- wouldnthavedamaged

W.BChoose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d

1- If you at the sun, you will damage your sight.a- look b- looked c- had

lookedd- arelooking

2- If there are clouds in the sky tonight, you ..able to seethe moon.a- arent b-

wouldnt

be

c- wouldnthave been

d- will notbe

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3- If it an eclipse, the sky would have gone dark .a- were b- was c- had been d- is4- If I discovered a new planet, I ..it my mother's name.a- would

give

b- will give c- give d- would

have given5- If there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I ..definitelywatch it.a- will b- would c- can d- would

have6- If you watch the sky on a clear night, you .see stars andplanets.a- can b- would c- could d- might

have7- If the sun didn't give light and heat, there .any life onEarth.a-wontbe

b-wouldnthave been

c- wouldn'tbe

d- didnthave

8- If you wear a hat, your face burnt.a- won't

get

b- wouldnt

get

c- dont get d- can get

9- It better for your eyes if you wear sunglasses.a- will be b- is c- would be d- can be10- If you . so long in the sun, you wouldn't have got burnt.a- didntspend

b- dontspend

c- haventspent

d- hadntspent

11- If it warm and sunny tomorrow, I'll go swimming

a- is b- was c- be d- will be12- If the storm reaches our area, trees will be blown down andhouses.a-willdamage

b- will bedamaged

c-damaged

d- would bedamaged

13- If the volcano , I'd be very surprised/we would leave quickly.a- erupts b- erupt c- erupted d- was

erupted14- If the flood had been here, houses would have been damaged.

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a- would havedamaged

b- would havebeen damaged

c- had beendamaged

d- will bedamaged

Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( Basedon Grammar)

1 If the film hadn't been funny, I wouldn't laugh.2 If I went to England, I would have met my pen friend.3 If you look at the sun, you would damage your sight.4 If it has been an eclipse, the sky would have gone dark.5 What would happen if the storm reaches our area?6 Were he to arrives early, he would see us.

Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( Basedon Grammar)

1. If you walked all the way, it will take about three hours.2. If it would have continued raining, the town would have flooded.3. If I went to England, I would have met my pen friend.

4. If there is an eclipse of the sun in my country, I would definitely watch it.5. Had he been there, he would meet her.6. If water is heated. it will evaporate.

Translate into Arabic:

Lack of water is a thorny problem facing all countries. Thus, all states try hardto look for urgent solutions to save it. Some experts predict that wars willbreak out to control sources of water and rivers.It is better for all nations tocooperate not to fight for water.

Translate into English:

1. -2. -

Test on unit 9A- Language Functions

1. Respond to each of the following situations :1-You ask your teacher how floods occur.

2 Your friend asks you about the benefits of volcanoes.

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3 You are visiting a place with a volcano nearby. It has not erupted forhundreds of years, but you are still a little worried..4 You tell your friend about the bad effects of electrical storms.

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language each of

the following two min-dialogues :

1 A: are you in your first year?B: yes, I am studying English, but

it is not only my third week.A: my parents would like me to apply here.

Would you recommend it?B: yes, definitely

2. A: Could you tell us why you would like to study here?B: Your biology department has a very good reputation.A: And if we accept you, what do you

hope to do when you graduate?A: Well, I would like to work for a food company.

B- Vocabulary and structure3. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1 ------ him today, she would know what happened.a If she meets b Has she metc Were she tomeet

d Will she meet

2 Should he --------early , he will catch the bus.

a comes b come

c came d had come

3 If you ------all the way , it would take about three hours.

a walk b walks c had walked d- walked4 I would go to the beach if it -------- summer.

a is b were

c has d will be

5 -------- having enough money, I can buy a car.

a

Without

b for c In case

of

d should

6 I wouldn't have succeeded ------------ his help.

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a without

b In case c-because

d- in case of

7 Had I had good memory , I ---------- his name.

a would remember b will rememberc remembered d would have remembered

.8 If the Arctic glaciers -------, the sea level will rise.

a freeze

b melt c raise d-smelt

9 An/ A --------- occurs when the light of the sun or the moon disappears.

a eclipse

b sandstorm

c-earthquake

d- volcano

10 ---------- occurs when the moon is between the sun and the earth.

a lunareclipse

b solareclipse

c mooneclipse

d suneclipse

11 Lunar eclipse occurs when the earth is between the --------

a sun and moon b sun and earthc moon and earth d earth and sky

12 We are afraid ------------ he will lose his job.

a of b off c-that

d- at

13 He looks for a ---------------- place not temporary.

a temporary

b easy c-permanent d- difficult

14 We get ------------- from the sun.

a heat and right b heat and nightc heat and might d heat and light

15 ----------- is a long period of dry weather without enough water.

a b c flood d flight

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drought draught16 When ------------- occur everything goes dark.

a floods b eclipses

c rain d earthquakes

4. Correct the underlined mistakes in the followingsentences

1 If the film hadn't been funny, I wouldn't laugh.2 If I went to England, I would have met my pen friend.3 If you look at the sun, you would damage your sight.4- The sun is made of hot rock.5 Life on Earth depends on the heat and light from the sky.6 Italy is in south Europe.

C- Reading5. Read the following passage then answer the questionsThe men who first tried to fly faced many difficulties, and oneof the greatest difficulties was how to find a suitable engine.Steam engines were the first to be tried in aero planes, butthey were too heavy to be of any real use. One such machine,made in 1884, was driven by a steam engine. It is said to haverisen for a moment off the ground. Another rose, but fell andwas damaged.When the petrol engine was invented, real success wasobtained because it was very light for the power it developed.Orville Wright, and his brother Wilbur, two Americans, hadmade a lot of experiments and had taken great trouble tostudy the art of flying in gliders before they tried to fly theirplanes. A glider is like an aero plane without an engine.On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright flew safely in a heavier-than-air machine for twelve seconds. Orville came down safelyafter the first short flight, and on the same day the experimentwas repeated three times. The longest of these flights covereda distance of 852 feet and lasted fifty-nine seconds. The twobrothers continued their experiments after their first success.Other people followed the Wright brothers in their footsteps.Louis Bleriot, a Frenchman, flew across the English Channelfrom Calais to Dover in 1909. In 1919 Sir John Alcock and SirArthur Brown made the first flight across the Atlantic Ocean

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and in the same year an aeroplane flew from England toAustralia. The era of air travel had arrived..

Answer the following questions:1-What was the biggest problem that faced the men who tried to fly?

2-Why was the steam engine not suitable for use in aeroplanes?3-In what way is a glider different from an aeroplane?

B- Choose the right answer:4-The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to.........a) the steam engine c) the glider

b) the aeroplane d) the petrol engine

5-The underlined word era means the ..............a) number b) year c) ocean d) age

6. Read the following passage then answer the questionsWalking along the colourful street market, I realized it would beimpossible to leave this place empty-and Dozens of Brightly-dressed traders were selling various goods. There were importedfruits and vegetables, handmade clothes, beautifully Grafted

jewellery and much more. Cafes offered freshly ground coffeeand were playing loud music. After I had finished my shopping for

the day, I had to drag myself away-carrying lots of heavy bagsbut feeling quite pleased with myself. Should you ever findyourself in Amsterdam, make sure you visit this fantasticEuropean market. The combination of a lively atmosphere,delicious food and traditional goods makes this an experience notto be missed. When I arrived in the early morning, the markethad just opened, but the hustle and bustle of shoppers, touristsand street musicians had already started, The place was jumping

with life. The fragrance of freshly cut flowers made the place lookbright and festive. As I wandered along, looking at the freshlybaked cakes and smelling the mouth-watering aromas of thedifferent pies, I suddenly realized how hungry I was. When I triedone, it tasted delicious. One hour later, I discovered an amazingtraditional market, the Albert Culp market. With its huge varietyof goods and its lively atmosphere, it stands out from all theother street marked.

A) Answer the following questions:211


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1- Why is shopping in the street market a unique experience, according to the

writer?

2- How many days did the writer spend in the street market ?

3- What advice did the writer give his readers ?

B) Choose the best answer from a . b , c . or d :4-The writer of the passage was in ......... .a) Canada b) Holland c) Somalia d) Syria

5-The expression( hustle and bustle ' means .........a) energetic movement c) terrible smell

b) awful quarrels d) good foodsD- The Mask of Gold7- Answer the following questions :

.E - Writing8- Write a paragraph of about 100 words about

"The merits and demerits about volcanoes , floods andother phenomena"9 - a) Translate into Arabic :

Weather forecasting enables us to make plans based on probable

changes in the weather. Everyday, millions of people check theweather reports broadcast on radio and TV stations and publishedin newspapers. Forecasts help us to decide what clothes to wear.b) Translate into English :

1- .2. .

3rd Secondary 9

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