3.Population Structure China

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Theme 3: Population Structure

POPULATION STUDIES


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Lesson 1: Population Characteristics

Key Questions:1. What are the key population characteristics we can use to describepopulation structure with?2. How do we calculate them?3. How do these relate to the standard of living in a country?


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Fact File: Birth Rate

DEFINITION: The number of births per 1000 people per year

World Average

(c) 20.3

(d) 41.7

(b) 15.6

(a) 7.9

China

(c) 22.4

(d) 42.6

(b) 12.3

(a) 6.4

Generally, the more developed a country, the lower the birth rate.


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Fact File: Death Rate

DEFINITION: The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

World Average

(c) 24.2

(d) 8.6

(b) 11.9

(a) 3.6

China

(c) 16.1

(d) 7.0

(b) 9.6

(a) 17.4

Generally, the more developed a country, the lower the death rate.


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Fact File: Natural increase

DEFINITION: The difference between birth and death rates.

World Average

(c) 7.3

(d) 21.9

(b) 88.0

(a) 11.7

China

(c) 5.3

(d) 37.5

(b) 11.0

(a) 2.6

Generally, the more developed a country, the lower the naturalincrease.


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Fact File: Net Migration

DEFINITION: The difference between the number of people who

arrive in and leave a country, per 1000 people

World Average

(c) 5.4

(d) 0

(b) 19.5

(a) 76.3

China

(c) -0.4

(d) 6.3

(b) 78.4

(a) 16.3

Generally, the more developed a country, the higher the net migration.


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Fact File: Population Growth Rate

DEFINITION: The percentage increase in total population each year

World Average

(c) 3.9%

(d) -0.4%

(b) 1.2%

(a) 2.3%

China

(c) -1.1%

(d) 4.2%

(b) 1.6%

(a) 0.5%

Generally, the more developed a country, the lower the populationgrowth.


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Fact File: Life Expectancy

DEFINITION: The average age of death in a country

World Average

(c) 72.4

(d) 78.4

(b) 67.2

(a) 58.9

China

(c) 73.0

(d) 76.1

(b) 60.5

(a) 56.9

Generally, the more developed a country, the higher the life expectancy


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Fact File: Median AGe

DEFINITION: The age at which there is an equal number of people

above and below

World Average

(c) 36.1

(d) 40.1

(b) 31.5

(a) 28.4

China

(c) 30.6

(d) 35.2

(b) 28.2

(a) 23.4

Generally, the more developed a country, the higher the median age


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Fact File: Dependency Ratio

DEFINITION: The number of dependents for each member of the

working population

World Average

(c) 0.66

(d) 0.74

(b) 0.31

(a) 0.17

China

(c) 0.55

(d) 0.71

(b) 0.40

(a) 0.33

Generally, the more developed a country.the poorest AND richest

countries have a high dependency ratio, and those in the middle have a

low dependency ratio.


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Fact File: Doubling Rate

DEFINITION: The average time in years it takes a population to

double in size

World Average

(c) 61

(d) 112

(b) 45

(a) 31

China

(c) 100

(d) 140

(b) 80

(a) 60

Generally, the more developed a country the slower the doubling rate


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Fact File: Sex Ratio

DEFINITION: The number of men for each woman in a country

World Average

(c) 1.00

(d) 1.01

(b) 0.98

(a) 0.90

China

(c) 1.06

(d) 1.09

(b) 0.99

(a) 0.90

Generally, the more developed a country .no relationship!


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Activity: Calculating Population Characteristics

1. Turn over your sheet. Calculate each characteristic using theinformation at the top

2. When you are done, complete this sentence: Masseytown is

probably a _________________ country because..


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Birth Rate: 9.13 births/1000 people

Death Rate:

Natural Increase:

Net Migration:

Population Growth Rate:

Dependency Ratio:

Doubling Rate:

Sex Ratio:

5.12 deaths/1000 people

4.01/1000 people

-1.70/1000 people

0.23%

0.66

304 years

0.82

Masseytown Population Characteristics


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Activity: Basic Patterns

Undeveloped and/or very poor countriestend to have ________ birth rates

and ________ death rates, and thus a _________ population growth. Lifeexpectancy is usually ___________, and the dependency ratio is__________.

Older, developed and/or richer countriestend to have ________ birth ratesand ________ death rates, and thus a _________ population growth. Lifeexpectancy is usually ___________, and the dependency ratio is

__________.

Semi-developed countriestend to have ________ birth rates and

________ death rates, and thus a _________ population growth. Lifeexpectancy is usually ___________, and the dependency ratio is

__________.


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Lesson 2: Population Pyramids

Key Questions:What is a population pyramid?

What does the China population pyramid look like?How does the shape of a population pyramid relate to populationcharacteristics?How can you interpret population pyramids?


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Activity: Basic Population Pyramid Shapes

1. On page 48 of the Population Studies textbook, copy the

diagram at the top of the page showing the three basic shapes. Labelit fully.

2. Take a copy of the population pyramid from China and glue it intoyour book. Which of the three pyramids you just sketched does itlook most similar to? Complete this sentence and write it above the

China population pyramid:

China has a ___________________ population


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How to interpret population

pyramids

There main types ofpyramids

Rapid growth

Slow growth Negative growth

Shape of rapidgrowth

Shape ofSlow growth

Shape of negativegrowth


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China has a mature population


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POPULATION STRUCTURE

Population inFive Year

Age bands

Usually, but not always,In % to make for easier

comparisons

between countries

OLD DEPENDANTS

ECONOMICALLY

ACTIVE

YOUNG

DEPENDANTS

FEMALESTo the rightMALES

To the left

Wh t P l ti P id Sh U


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What Population Pyramids Show Us

KEYslope of pyramid indicate the death ratewidth of the base is related to birth rate/fertility rateproportions of men and women can suggest male or female migrationsheight of graph can indicate life expectancy

"kinks" indicate dramatic reductions in birth rate or increases indeath rate in the past


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Soviet Union

WWI- 1914-1918

1,700,000 military dead

December 1934Stalin began a period of purging

and terror that lasted until1939 and was marked by the

execution of virtually theentire political and militaryelite.


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Cambodia

April 17th, 1975 theKhmer Rouge, acommunist guerrillagroup led by Pol Pot,

took power inPhnom Penh, thecapital of Cambodia.During their rule, itis estimated that 2

million Cambodiansdied by starvation,torture or execution.


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Activity 2: Interpreting Population Pyramids

Take a copy of Population Studies and turn to page 106.

Look at the population pyramids and then complete theactivities 1 to 8 on page 107.


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6.1 million MALE 0-95.8 million FEMALE 0-9

6.5 million MALE 65-74

7.3 million FEMALE 65-74



4a. There are a lot of people

in the 15-24 age group, butmuch fewer in the 5-14 agegroup

4b. There has been aincrease in the number ofpeople in the 0-4 age group,when the 20-24 age group isbecoming parents

PAKISTAN

JAPAN

SINGAPORE


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Lesson 3: Explaining Chinas Population Structure

Key Questions:What are seven factors that have influenced Chinas population structure?

What characteristics have been influenced by these factors and how?Do Now: What do these numbers represent for China?

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7335.27.o

Sex ratio, Birth rate, Dependency ratio, Life Expectancy, Median age, Death rate


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Which pyramid most closely matches China?


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Describe TWO characteristics of the population structure ofChina, using this population pyramid as evidence.

Sex ratio, Median age, Life Expectancy, Birth rate, Death rate, Dependency ratio


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Activity 1: Factors Influencing Chinas Population

1. Take a copy of the question sheet. Using the textbook

Population Studies and the following two slides,answer the questions.

2. Complete the table on the other side of the questionsheet in your own words.

Goal: To be able to explain how (at least) TWO population characteristics have cometo be in China in a paragraph. Example: China has a moderately low birth rate of 12.3

(compared to a world average of 20.3) because.


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Fact File: Great Chinese Famine

Occurred between 1958 and 1961, killing between 14 to 40 million people.

The famine was the result of droughts, floods and poor planning inChairman Maos Great Leap Forward

In 1960, 60% of all agricultural land didnt receive any rain at all.

In 1959, the Yellow River flooded and caused crop failure

New agricultural techniques, like close-planting of seeds, reduced theyields of crops, and millions of peasants were driven from their land towork in factories.

The current drought in China (2010-11) is the worst in 50 years. It hasaffected 35 million people, creating water shortages and killing crops.This will have a negative affect on the countrys birth rate.


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Fact File: Health and Sanitation

Around 700 to 800 million people live in rural areas in China.

In the northwest and western regions of China, standards of living havebeen traditionally low, with running water and transport still problems inthe area.

However, due to a five-year program by the Health Ministry and UNICEF,deaths in childbirth fell from 77.2 per 100,000 births in 2004, to 35.7 per100,000 in 2009.

Also, the infant mortality rate has dropped from 20.3 per 1000 babies to14.1 per 1000 babies.

This was achieved by providing medical equipment, better training,more child care workers and computer equipment.


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HOMEWORK: Practice Paragraph

1. Sketch the rough shape of the Chinese population

pyramid.

2. In a paragraph, describe TWO population characteristics

visible in this graph and explain HOW they have comeabout. Use specific details in your answer.


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Study Break Fling the Teacher
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3.Population Structure China

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