3M ™ Clean-Trace ™ System More reliable ATP tests Why are sensitivity and repeatability important? When an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hygiene monitoring system has poor sensitivity or repeatability, there is a substantial risk that the result provided does NOT truly represent the hygienic status of the location tested and therefore provides false positives (leading to unnecessary chemical and labor costs and production delays) or false negatives (leading to releasing a contaminated piece of equipment). A system that is sensitive to low level contamination of a surface by microorganisms and/or food residues allows you to more accurately understand the status of a test point. A test that will detect low level of contaminants will help ensure that you can take the appropriate action i.e., positive release following a pass result, or a re-clean following a fail result. The ability of a system to repeat results gives you peace of mind that the result is reliable and the actions taken are appropriate. Greater sensitivity provides better information to help make the right decisions An independent study conducted by Cara Technology Limited, Protocol for assessing the sensitivity of hygiene test systems for live microorganisms and food residue 1 , compared the 3M ™ Clean-Trace ™ NG Luminometer and 3M ™ Clean-Trace ™ Surface ATP Test System (formerly Biotrace ™ Uni-Lite ™ NG/Clean-Trace ™ System) and Hygiena ™ System SURE II ™ ATP System. The study tested each system’s ability to detect a variety of microbes and food substances over a range of concentrations. The study concluded, the Biotrace System has better sensitivity and repeatability for residues of food and live microorganisms, and goes on to say, compared to the Biotrace equipment, the “Hygiena System produced almost 60% false negatives” based on the samples tested. In the study, serial dilutions of microbial cultures, yeast extract, and yogurt were tested with both the 3M Clean-Trace System and the Hygiena System using the manufacturers’ recommended pass/caution/fail limits. The average RLU value and its interpretation, based on the manufacturers’ recommended pass/fail limits, for each dilution level is shown in the chart below. The 3M Clean-Trace System showed much greater sensitivity to low-level contamination. As the chart below indicates, in many of the dilutions, a FAIL result was obtained with the Clean-Trace System when a CAUTION or PASS result was obtained by the Hygiena System. Staphylococcus Citrobacter Zygosaccharomyces Yeast Yogurt aureus freundii bailii extract drink Sample Dilution 1 47282 197 51879 586 27556 467 1213 1 8162 17 Dilution 2 7969 22 8188 106 3401 41 272 2 3609 11 Dilution 3 880 4 999 21 448 8 69 2 596 19 Dilution 4 133 2 143 3 77 3 46 1 120 4 ■ pass ■ caution ■ fail 3M ™ 3M ™ 3M ™ 3M ™ 3M ™ Clean-Trace™ Hygenia™ Clean-Trace™ Hygenia™ Clean-Trace™ Hygenia™ Clean-Trace™ Hygenia™ Clean-Trace™ Hygenia™ Sensitivity Results of 3M ™ Clean-Trace ™ System compared to Hygiena ™ System Sure II ™ * * Criteria for pass/fail limits were set at Pass: 150 RLU/Fail: 300 RLU for the 3M Clean-Trace System and Pass: 10 RLU/ Fail: 30 RLU for the Hygiena System as per the respective manufacturer’s recommended pass/fail limits. Note the 300 RLU for the Clean-Trace FAIL level. Not All Hygiene Monitoring Systems are Equal
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3M™ Clean-Trace™ SystemMore reliable ATP tests
Why are sensitivity and repeatability important? When an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hygiene monitoring system has poor
sensitivity or repeatability, there is a substantial risk that the result provided does NOT truly represent the hygienic status of the
location tested and therefore provides false positives (leading to unnecessary chemical and labor costs and production delays) or
false negatives (leading to releasing a contaminated piece of equipment).
A system that is sensitive to low level contamination of a surface by microorganisms and/or food residues allows you to more
accurately understand the status of a test point. A test that will detect low level of contaminants will help ensure that you can
take the appropriate action i.e., positive release following a pass result, or a re-clean following a fail result. The ability of a
system to repeat results gives you peace of mind that the result is reliable and the actions taken are appropriate.
Greater sensitivity provides better information to help make the right decisions
An independent study conducted by Cara Technology Limited, Protocol for assessing the sensitivity of hygiene test systems for
live microorganisms and food residue1, compared the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ NG Luminometer and 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Surface ATP
Test System (formerly Biotrace™ Uni-Lite™ NG/Clean-Trace™ System) and Hygiena™ System SURE II™ ATP System. The study
tested each system’s ability to detect a variety of microbes and food substances over a range of concentrations.
The study concluded, the Biotrace System has better sensitivity and repeatability for residues of food and live microorganisms,
and goes on to say, compared to the Biotrace equipment, the “Hygiena System produced almost 60% false negatives” based on
the samples tested. In the study, serial dilutions of microbial cultures, yeast extract, and yogurt were tested with both the 3M
Clean-Trace System and the Hygiena System using the manufacturers’ recommended pass/caution/fail limits. The average RLU
value and its interpretation, based on the manufacturers’ recommended pass/fail limits, for each dilution level is shown in the
chart below. The 3M Clean-Trace System showed much greater sensitivity to low-level contamination. As the chart below
indicates, in many of the dilutions, a FAIL result was obtained with the Clean-Trace System when a CAUTION or PASS
Sensitivity Results of 3M™ Clean-Trace™ System compared to Hygiena™ System Sure II™*
* Criteria for pass/fail limits were set at Pass: 150 RLU/Fail: 300 RLU for the 3M Clean-Trace System and Pass: 10 RLU/Fail: 30 RLU for the Hygiena System as per the respective manufacturer’s recommended pass/fail limits.Note the 300 RLU for the Clean-Trace FAIL level.
Repeatability Score (%CV = Coefficent of variation)A lower score means superior repeatability
7.4
38.1
58.7
89.4
Repeatability Score (%CV = Coefficient of variation)
A lower score means a higher degree of repeatability/less variation in test results.
The 3M ™ Clean-Trace™ NG Luminometer and 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Surface ATP Test
“was the most repeatable…”
References: 1. Protocol for assessing the sensitivity of hygiene test systems for live microorganisms and food residue. W.J. Simpson, J.L Archibald,C.J. Giles. Cara Technology Limited, Leatherhead Enterprise Centre, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 7Ry, UK Report 120906, 27 July 2006 2. The repeatability of hygiene test systems in measurement of low levels of ATP. W.J. Simpson, C.J. Giles, H.A. Flockhart. Cara Technology Limited, Leatherhead Enterprise Centre, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 7Ry, UK Report 30606, 27 July 2006
3M, Clean-Trace, Biotrace and Uni-Lite are trademarks of 3M. Hygiena and Hygiena System SURE II are trademarks of Hygiena Inc. BioControl MVP is a trademark of BioControl Systems Inc. NovaLum and PocketSwab are trademarks of Charm Sciences Inc. AccuPoint is a trademark of Neogen Corporation.
3M™ Clean-Trace™ Luminometer and 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Data Trending Software
Gold’n Plump Poultry is the largest, fully integrated producer of chicken products in
the upper Midwest region of the United States. With distribution to grocery stores, delis
and restaurants as well as international exports, maintaining high quality standards is
essential to protecting their reputation and remaining successful in a competitive global
marketplace. Routine sanitation verification using an ATP testing system has been a
key component in Gold’n Plump’s quality assurance program over the last six years.
“Sanitation is a key part of our total system. It affects product shelf life and
performance,” says Renju Simon, Quality Services Manager at the Gold’n Plump
Poultry facility in Cold Spring, MN. “Approximately 500 pieces of manufacturing
equipment are utilized in our three plants. It is critical for us to have real-time data
about equipment cleanliness before we begin daily manufacturing. Previously,
when we sampled for microorganisms, we had to wait 24 to 48 hours for test results.
We need responses in real time so we switched to surface ATP testing to obtain
immediate feedback.”
Despite the satisfaction that Gold’n Plump had with ATP as a method for sanitation
verification, there were some drawbacks to the ATP testing system they were using.
“The first ATP luminometer we used required manual calibration. We wanted
a more convenient instrument that could perform a self-check and quickly
be ready for use,” said Simon. “Our original ATP system also
categorized results as pass, caution or fail. We needed
numerical values for surface cleanliness to improve
our sanitation effectiveness.”.
The Gold’n Plump Poultry team conducted background
research on three systems and viewed presentations and
demonstrations by each manufacturer.
“We focused on features that went beyond numerical results,”
said Simon. “After narrowing our search to one system, we
tested it in our facilities. We evaluated the system for repeatability of
measurements as well as software compatibility with other Gold’n Plump
Poultry systems. Ultimately, we chose the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Surface ATP
System because it met the greatest number of our requirements and preferences.”
“The driving factor in our decision to choose the Clean-Trace system was the
3M™ Clean-Trace™ Data Trending Software,” explained Simon.” Our quality engineer
found it was easy to use and offered the most flexibility. He liked the open architecture
that enabled us to generate statistically sound sampling plans, randomly generate testing
sites and add extra sites on a daily basis that are not on the random schedule. It gave us
Not All Hygiene Monitoring Systems are Equal
Quality and Efficiency Improved Using the Powerful 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Hygiene Monitoring System
The Gold’n Plump Poultry team began searching for a new surface ATP testing system by establishing the following selection criteria:• Software with open architecture that allows
customization and add-on features
• Ruggedness
• User-friendliness of the unit and swabs
• Quantifiable results
• Sensitivity
• Repeatability of results
• Self-calibration
• Multiple security features
• Affordability
• Cost per test equivalent or less than traditional swabs
References1. Simpson, WJ, Archibald, JL, Giles, C.J. Protocol for assessing the
sensitivity of hygiene test systems for live microorganisms and food residue. Cara Technology Limited, Report 120906, October 2006.
2. Simpson, WJ, Files CJ, Flockhart, HA. Repeatability of hygiene test systems in measurement of low levels of ATP, Cara Technology Limited, Report 30606, July 27, 2006
3M and Clean-Trace are trademarks of 3M or Biotrace Int’l Plc, a 3M company, and are used under license in Canada. Gold’n Plump is a trademark of Gold’n Plump Poultry.
3M™ Clean-Trace™
Water - Total ATP Test
New & Improved
3M Food Safety
The new and improved 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Water – Total ATP test now has an innovative formulation providing improved temperature stability and test result accuracy. Now known as 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Water Plus – Total ATP (AQT200), the test is designed to rapidly assess equipment sanitation processes and the efficiency of Clean In Place (CIP) procedures by the improved more accurate detection of organic contamination from microbial or product residues.
The test gives an objective indication of cleanliness in water samples in seconds. Designed for use with the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ NG Luminometer, the new AQT200 formulation now provides the ability to gain more consistent and reliable results providing greater confidence in your hygiene monitoring procedures.
The new and improved formulation also provides the flexibility to store AQT200 at your own convenience - room temperature for up to 2 months or refrigerated for up to 12 months.
The new formulation, room temperature stability and ease of use makes 3M Clean-Trace Water Plus – Total ATP the water test of choice.
Key Features:• Flexible storage options - 12 months shelf life refrigerated (2°C – 8°C) - 2 months shelf life at room temperature (21°C - 25°C)
• Rapid results allowing for corrective action to be taken immediately
• Simple to use – Ideal for busy production environments
• Ability to track and trend results using 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Data Trending Software
How it works 4 simple steps
Ordering Information:
To find out more about the new and improved 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Water Plus – Total ATP test, contact your local 3M Representative or call 1-800-328-6553.
*The 3M Clean-Trace NG Luminometer includes the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Data Trending Software. Computer not included.
Originating location
Title: An Overview of Rapid Hygiene Testing Using ATP
Bioluminescence Number: TB.083.00 Effective Date: September 2008 Supersedes: New Technology Platform: Hygiene Originating Location: Bridgend, UK Common sense dictates that after cleaning, equipment should be free of visible product residues and look clean. Visual assessment is one of the tools used to judge if a surface is clean. It is a real time test but it is subjective and relatively insensitive. Testing for microorganisms provides more information. However, this is related more to the effectiveness of disinfection than the cleaning. These microbiological tests require laboratory facilities and a relatively high skill level. Additionally, this information is not available in a time frame that allows for immediate re-cleaning of equipment prior to production if unacceptable results are obtained. For rapid hygiene testing, the needs are for a quick and sensitive test that can detect if cleaning is not to the expected standard and that is safe to use in the production environment. The bioluminescence test for adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) has been developed to meet these needs. It is relevant to the measurement of the effectiveness of cleaning as it measures ATP not only from microorganisms but also from product residues. Instruments and kits have been developed to provide an easy to use test that can be performed in the production environment by operatives with minimal training. What is ATP and how do we measure it? ATP is the basic energy currency molecule of all types of living organisms and as such, is present in all microorganisms, plant and animal cells. The technique of using the enzyme and substrate of the firefly (luciferase and luciferin) to detect and measure this key metabolite by measuring the light output was first described in 1947. Since then the detailed mechanisms have been comprehensively investigated and many diverse applications described. The assay can be set up to give a linear relationship between the light output and the ATP concentration. The result is obtained within seconds. Measurement is in a sensitive luminometer with results usually expressed as Relative Light Units (RLU). In early work, the reagents used required the use of fairly complex instruments where reagents were added via injection systems, as the light signal decayed too rapidly to allow the use of simple formats of testing. Even when this was resolved by optimizing the formulation, some of the chemical treatments to extract ATP from intact cells involved boiling solvents or strong acids which would cause the signal to decay rapidly and were not very user friendly.
The use of detergents or cationic agents as extractants are more user friendly but still cause the signal to decay and also require some further development in neutralizing after extraction or protecting the enzyme from the extractant. During the last few years, therefore, the reagent chemistry and the instrumentation have been developed to the point that simple to use and portable tests are now possible. What are the benefits of ATP? The range of applications for which ATP bioluminescence has been considered is wide and diverse, from detecting microorganisms in a wide variety of sample types to detecting life on the moon or Mars! There was a high level of interest in its use as a rapid method for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in the 70’s and 80’s but with a few exceptions the applications have not been widely adopted. Generally they involved complex techniques to separate the microbial from the non-microbial ATP of the sample and the methods were not practical for routine use. The presence of ATP in both food and viable microorganisms is a disadvantage in using the technology to detect microorganisms in food. However, it is of great benefit when one considers checking for cleanliness. Food residues contain large amounts of ATP either in intact cells or as free ATP, originating from those cells. By the late 80’s this application was gaining acceptance and during the 90’s, with the advent of the simple to use and portable tests, it has become widely adopted by many major food and beverage manufacturers. How does it work? A range of products are available, but all work on similar principles. An ATP free swab is provided pre-moistened or is moistened by the user with an ATP free buffer, water or extractant. The extractant can help with sampling as it is effective at releasing ATP from the surface. Using portable instruments, testing of the swab is usually done immediately. However, with some products the swabs are stable for a number of hours allowing the user to return to the instrument at a ‘workstation’ if preferred. How the sample is then processed and measured varies depending on which product is used. With some products the freeze dried luciferin/luciferase reagent is provided within the swab device and no preparation is required. With other test formats there is a need to reconstitute a bottle of freeze dried enzyme and dispense this using a dropper bottle or pipette. The trend is for unit dosed ‘single shot’ tests with no requirement for any preparation steps for the user. Liquid stable luciferin/luciferase reagents are now available for some applications. In addition to surface testing, the technique can be applied to rinse water samples to assess closed CIP systems. Again various products are available - some with reagents which are pipetted, others with unit dose single shot formats. Nevertheless, whichever product is used, there is a need for some preliminary work to establish the relevant Pass/Fail limits for the test. This is usually done by collecting reference data after the normal cleaning procedures. The levels set will depend on the type and condition of the surface and the method of cleaning used.
Summary ATP bioluminescence can be a valuable tool in conjunction with visual assessment to ‘positively release’ the production line after cleaning. Its use allows corrective action to be taken before production starts and reduces the risk of poor cleaning resulting in a product quality problem. Other uses are to optimize cleaning regimes and so contribute to cost effective chemical use. However, ATP Bioluminescence is not a direct replacement for microbiological testing. Such testing should still be carried out for monitoring background flora or checking for the presence of specific spoilage or pathogenic organisms. If used in conjunction with other control measures, a proactive and effective hygiene management system can be developed, and with regular review of results, the system can evolve and improve. References Dr J. Holah, Dr H. Gibson, J.M. Hawronskyj: The use of ATP Bioluminescence to monitor surface hygiene, European Food & Drink Review, Summer 1995 Dr J Hawronskyj: Measurement of ATP using firefly luminescence, European Food & Drink Review, Summer 1999 C.J Griffith; C.A Davidson; A.C Peters & L.M Fielding: Towards a strategic cleaning assessment programme: hygiene monitoring and ATP luminometry, an options appraisal, Food Science and Technology Today 11 (1) 1997
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