3G Mobile Network

8/12/2019 3G Mobile Network

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3G Mobile NetworksArchitecture Protocols and Procedures_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Sumit KaseraSenior Technical Leader Hughes Software Systems

Gurgaon India

Nishit NarangSenior Technical Leader Hughes Software Systems

Gurgaon India

McGraw Hill

New York hicago San Francisco Lisbon LondonMadrid Mexico ity Milan New Delhi San Juan

Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto


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CONTENTS

oreword

refaceAcknowledgements

PART I - I N T R O D U C T I O N A N D B A C K G R OU N D

Introduction1.1 In tro du ctio n 3

1.2 Second Gen eration Mobile N etw ork s 31.2.1 Limitations of 2G Networks 4

1.3 2.5 Gen eration Mobile N etw ork s 51.4 International Mobile

Telecom munication-2000 (IMT-2000) 61.5 Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) 8

1.5.1 Interaction of 3GPP with other bodies 81.5.2 Objective of 3GPP 9

1.5.3 3GPP Technical Specifications Group (TSG) 101.5.4 Stages of 3GPP Specifications 121.5.5 Series of 3GPP Specifications 131.5.6 Version Numbering of 3GPP Specifications 131.5.7 Releases of 3G PP Specifications 151.5.8 Evolution towards 3GPP Networks 16

Summary 17Principles Of WCDMA2.1 Introduct ion 19


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Vlll Contents

2.2 Requirements for Third Generation Air Interface 192.3 Scheines for Radio Access 212.4 WCDMA Overview 22

2.4.1 Direct-Sequence CDMA 222.4.2 Wideband 232.4.3 Synchronization Aspects 232.4.4 Modes of Operation 23

2.5 Spreading and De-spreading 242.5.1 Autocorrelation and Cross Correlation 262.5.2 Benefits of Spreading 27

2.6 Scrambling 28

2.7 RakeReceiver 302.8 Multipath Diversity and Macrodiversity 302.9 Power Control Mechanisms 322.10 Soft and Softer Handover 362.11 SRNS Relocation 39Summary 41

PART II -U M T S NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AN D PROTOCOLS

3. UMTS Network Architecture3.1 Introduction 453.2 Basic Structure of UMTS Network 45

3.2.1 User Equipment (UE) 473.2.2 Access Network (AN) 483.2.3 Core Network (CN) 48

3.3 Access Stratum and Non-access Stratum 533.3.1 Access Stratum (AS) 543.3.2 Non-Access Stratum (NAS) 54

3.4 Hierarchical Network Organization 563.4.1 Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) 563.4.2 Location Area (LA) 573.4.3 Routing Area (RA) 583.4.4 UTRAN Registration Area (URA) 593.4.5 Cell Global Identity (CGI) 59

3.5 A ddre sses and Identifiers 603.5.1 Subscriber Identity 60


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3.5.2 Service Identity 603.5.3 Temporary Identities 623.5.4 PDP Address 64

3.5.5 Equipment Identity 643.5.6 Location Number 643.5.7 Identifying Network Entities 65

3.6 Service Aspects 663.7 Service Classification 67

3.7.1 Bearer Services 683.7.2 Other Bearer Service 693.7.3 Teleservices 70

3.7.4 Supplementary Services 713.7.5 Other Services 713.7.6 Toolkits 71

3.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Architecture 713.9 UMTS QoS Classes 73

3.9.1 Conversational Class 733.9.2 Streaming Class 753.9.3 Interactive Class 753.9.4 Background Class 75

Summary 764. User Equipment

4.1 Introduction 774.2 Components of User Equipment 78

4.2.1 Universal Integrated Circuit Card(UICC) 78

4.2.2 Mobile Equipment (ME) 794.2.3 User Equipment Combination 80

4.3 Interfaces of User Equipment 814.3.1 External Interfaces 824.3.2 Internal Interfaces 83

4.4 UE Functions 844.4.1 Mobile Termination Functions 844.4.2 Terminal Equipment Functions 854.4.3 Terminal Adaptation Functions 854.4.4 USIM Functions 85


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4.5 UE Protocols 854.5.1 Access Stratum Protocols 864.5.2 Non-Access Stratum Protocols 86

4.6 Classification of UE 87Summary 885. Acc ess Net wo rk 89

5.1 Introduction 895.2 Access Network Entities 89

5.2.1 Base Station Sub-system (BSS) 895.2.2 Radio Network Sub-system (RNS) 90

5.3 Network Interfaces 91

5.3.1 Abis Interface between BSC and BTS 925.3.2 lub Interface between RNC and Node B 925.3.3 Iur Interface between RNCs 935.3.4 A Interface between MSC/VLR and BSS 945.3.5 Gb Interface between SGSN and BSS 945.3.6 Iu Interface between CN and RNS 94

5.4 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture 955.5 UTRAN Protocol Architecture 97

5.5.1 Iu_CS Protocol Architecture 985.5.2 Iu_PS Pro toco l Arch itecture 2005.5.3 Iur Pro tocol Arch itec ture 2025.5.4 lu b Protocol Arch itec ture 2035.5.5 Iu_BC Proto col Arch itecture 204

5.6 Fu nc tions 2055.6.1 Transfer of User Data 2065.6.2 System Access Contro l 206

5.6.3 Security Fu nc tion s 2065.6.4 Mo bility M ana gem ent 2075.6.5 Radio Resource M anag em ent 2075.6.6 Broad cast and M ulticast Services 2095.6.7 O the r Fu nc tions 220

5.7 Radio Interface Pro tocols 2205.7.1 Physical Layer 2205.7.2 M ed ium Access Control (MAC) 223


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6.4 Entities Specific to the PS Domain 1696.4.1 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 1696.4.2 Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 170

6.4.3 Border Gateway (BG) 1706.5 Service-specific Entities of the Core Network 1706.5.1 Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 1716.5.2 CAMEL Entities 2716.5.3 Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) 171

6.6 Network Interfaces of CS Domain 1716.6.1 B Interface be tw een MSC and VLR 1726.6.2 C Interface between GMSC and HLR 173

6.6.3 D Interface between VLR and HLR 1746.6.4 E Interface be tw een MSC and MSC 2746.6.5 F Interface be tw een MSC and EIR 2746.6.6 G Interface be tw een VLR and VLR 2746.6.7 Nb /Nc Interface betw een MSC and GMSC 2756.6.8 Interface be tw een VLR an d SMS-MSC 275

6.7 Interfaces of PS D om ain 2756.7.1 Gn/Gp Interface between two GSNs 176

6.7.2 Gi Interface between GGSN and PDN 1786.7.3 Gr Interface be tw een SGSN and HLR 2786.7.4 Gs Interface be tw een SGSN and MSC/VLR 2796.7.5 Gf Interface be tw een SGSN and EIR 2796.7.6 Gc Interface be tw een GGSN and HLR 2806.7.7 Gd Interface be tw een SGSN and SMS-MSC 280

6.8 CS Do m ain Protocol Arch itecture 2806.8.1 User Plane 280

6.8.2 Co ntr ol Pla ne 2826.9 PS Do m ain Protocol Arc hitecture 284

6.9.1 User Plan e 2846.9.2 Co ntrol Pla ne 285

6.10 Core N etw or k Fun ctions 2896.10.1 M obility M anagem ent 2896.10.2 Call H an dl in g 2936.10.3 Session M an ag em en t 293

6.10.4 Su pp lem entary Services 294


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6.10.5 Short Message Service 1956.10.6 Security Fu nctions 295

6.11 Subscriber Data 196

6.12 SS7 Protocols 2006.12.1 Message Transfer Part (MTP) 2006.12.2 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) 2026.12.3 ISDN User Part (ISUP) 203

6.13 Application Protocols 2046.13.1 Transaction Capabilities (TCAP) 2046.13.2 Mobile Application Part (MAP) 2096.13.3 NAS Signaling 220

6.13.4 GPRS Tu nneling Proto col (GTP) 2246.13.5 Base Station Sub-system Application Part + (BSSAP+) 226Summary 229

PART III-PROCEDURES IN UMTS NETWORK

7. Radio Resource Control Procedures7.1 Introduction 2337.2 RRC Protocol States 233

7.3 RRC Connection M anagem ent Procedures 2367.3.1 Broadcast of System Information 2377.3.2 Paging 2397.3.3 UE Dedicated Paging 2407.3.4 RRC Connection Establishment 2407.3.5 RRC Connec tion Release 2437.3.6 Signaling Co nnec tion Release Pro ced ure 2447.3.7 Transmission of UE Capability Information 244

7.3.8 Direct Transfer of NAS Messages 2467.3.9 Security Fu nct ion s 247

7.4 Radio Bearer Control Procedures 2497.4.1 Radio Bearer Establishment 2507.4.2 Radio Bearer Reconfiguration 2517 A3 Rad io Bearer Release 2527.4.4 Tra nspo rt Ch ann el Recon figuration 2537.4.5 Physical Channel Reconfiguration 253


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7.5 RRC Conn ection M obility Proc edure s 2547.5.1 Cell U pd ate Proc edure 2557.5.2 U TRN Registration Area (URA) U pd ate Proc edure 2567.5.3 UTRAN Mobility Information 2577.5.4 Soft Handover and Active Set Update 2577.5.5 Hard Handover 2587.5.6 Inter-system Handover 259

7.6 M easur em ent Proc edure s 2607.6.1 M easu rem ent Co ntrol 2607.6.2 M easu rem ent Repo rt 262

Summary 262

8. UTR AN Sig na ling Procedures 2638.1 Introduction 2638.2 UTRAN Global Signaling Procedures 264

8.2.1 System Information Broadcasting 2648.2.2 Service Area Broadcast 265

8.3 UTRAN Signaling Procedures for a Specific UE 2658.3.1 Pa ging 2668.3.2 NAS Signaling Connection Establishment 267

8.3.3 RRC Connection Establishment 2688.3.4 RRC Co nnec tion Release 2728.3.5 Radio Access Bearer Establishment 2738.3.6 Radio Access Bearer Release 2788.3.7 Physical Channel Reconfiguration 2788.3.8 Transport Channel Reconfiguration 2808.3.9 Soft Handover 2828 3 1 SRNC Relocation 2858 3 11 Cell Up date 2878 3 12 URA Update 2898 3 13 Direct Transfer 290

Summary 2919. M obility M anagem ent 292

9.1 Intr odu ctio n 2929.2 State Model for Mobility Management 2939.3 Hierarchical Management of Location

Information 295


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Contents XV

9.4 Pag ing 2969.5 MM/GMM Procedures O verview 2969.6 MM Procedures in the Mobile Station 298

9.6.1 MS Idle M od e Pro cedur es 2999.6.2 MS Connected Mode Procedures 3049.7 MM Procedures in the Access Network 3049.8 MM Procedures in the Core Network 305

9.8.1 MM Procedures in CS Domain 3059.8.2 MM Procedures in PS Domain 3139.8.3 Super-Charger Functionality 320

Summary 323

10. Call Handling10.1 Introduction 32410.2 Architecture of MO and MT Calls 325

10.2.1 Architecture of Mobile-Originated Call 32510.2.2 Architecture of Mobile-Terminated Call 32610.2.3 Architecture of a Basic Mobile-to-Mobile Call 328

10.3 Mobile-originated Call Handling 33010.4 Mobile-terminated Call Handling 333

10.4.1 Retrieval of Routing Information 33310.4.2 MT Call Handling at VPLMN 33510.5 Interaction of CF and CB Services With

Call Handling Procedures 33810.5.1 Interaction of CF and CB Services with MT Calls 33910.5.2 Interaction of CB Service with MO Calls 340

10.6 Support for Optimal Routing 34110.6.1 Conditions for Optimal Routing 342

10.6.2 Information Flow s for Optim al Ro utin g 34310.7 Immediate Service Termination (IST) 350

10.7.1 IST Alert Service 35010.7.2 IST C om m an d Service 352

Summary 35311. Session Management

11.1 Introduction 35411.2 Session Management Concepts 355

11.2.1 Addressing 355


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11.2.2 PDP Context Activation and Deactivation 35811.2.3 Packet Routing 35811.2.4 Encapsulation and Tunneling 35911.2.5 Packet Filtering 361

11.3 PD P Pro toco l States 36211.4 PDP Context Activation Procedures 362

11.4.1 PDP Context Activation Procedure 36311.4.2 Secondary PDP Context Activation Procedure 36411.4.3 Network-requested PDP Context Activation Procedure 365

11.5 PDP Context Modification Procedures 36711.5.1 MS-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure 368

11.5.2 SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure 36911.5.3 Other PDP Context Modification Procedures 37011.6 PDP Context Deactivation Procedures 370

11.6.1 MS-Initiated PDP Context Deactivation Procedure 37011.6.2 S GSN -Initiated PD P Context Deac tivation Pro cedu re 37211.6.3 Other PDP Context Deactivation Procedure 372

Summary 37212. Supplementary Services

12.1 Introduction 37312.2 Supplementary Service Concepts 374

12.2.1 Association with Basic Services 37412.2.2 SS Operations 37712.2.3 SS State Information 378

12.3 Call Indepe nden t SS M anagem ent 37912.3.1 Call Inde pen dent SS M anagem ent P rocedures 38012.3.2 M an-M achine Interface for SS M ana gem ent 382

IIA Su pple m enta ry Services in UMTS 38512.4.1 Enhanced Multilevel Precedence andPre-emption (eMLPP) 387

12.4.2 Call Deflection (CD) 38812.4.3 Line Identification 38912.4.4 Call Forwarding (CF) 39212.4.5 Call Barring 39312.4.6 Call Waiting (CW) and Call Hold (CH) 394

12.4.7 Multiparty 397


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Contents XV

12.4.8 Closed User Group (CUG) 39812.4.9 Advice of Charge (AoC) 40212.4.10 User-to-User Signaling (UUS) 404

12.4.11 Explicit Call Transfer (ECT) 40612.4.12 Multi-Call (MC) 40812.4.13 Other Supplementary Services 410

12.5 Unstructured Supplementary Service Data 41112.5.1 USSD Architecture 41112.5.2 USSD Message Flows 413

Summary 41513. Value-added Serv ices 416

13.1 Introduction 41613.2 Short M essage Service 41613.2.1 SMS Network Architecture 41613.2.2 Mob ile-Originated SMS Pro cedu res 41813.2.3 Mobile-Terminated SMS Procedures 419

13.3 Cell Broadcast Service 42013.3.1 CBS N etw ork Arc hitecture 42113.3.2 CBS M essage Transfer Procedure s 422

13.4 M ultim edia M essaging Service 42213.4.1 MMS Reference Architecture 42213.4.2 MMS Protocol Framework 42413.4.3 MMS Message Transfer Procedures 427

13.5 Location Services 42813.5.1 LCS Logical Reference M odel 42813.5.2 LCS Control Procedures 42913.5.3 LCS Network Architecture 430

13.5.4 Mechanisms for Determination ofLocation Information 431

13.5.5 Location-based Services 43313.6 Service Capability Features 435

13.6.1 SCFTypes 43613.6.2 SCF Toolkits 436

Summary 43714. Security M anagem ent 438

14.1 Introduction 438


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14.2 User Domain Security 44014.3 Network Access Security 441

14.3.1 Mutual Authentication 442

14.3.2 Data Confidentiality 45114.3.3 Data Integrity 45314.3.4 User Identity Confidentiality 45414.3.5 Access Security Flow Diagram 455

14.4 Network Domain Security Using MAPsec 45714.4.1 Protection Modes and Message Formats 45714.4.2 Components of MAPsec Protocol 45914.4.3 Ope rat ion s of MAPsec 462

14.4.4 Key Distrib utio n in M APsec 46214.5 Network Domain Security Using IP Security 46314.5.1 Architecture for NDS/IP 46414.5.2 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) 46514.5.3 Internet Key Exchange (IKE) 468

Summary 470

PART I V - I P INITIATIVES IN UMTS NETWORK

15. IP-based Sig na ling Transport 47315.1 Introduction 47315.2 IP-based Signaling Transport

From SIGTRAN 47415.2.1 Requirements 47415.2.2 SIGTRAN Protocol Layering 476

15.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) 47715.3.1 Functions of SCTP 478

15.4 SS7 MTP3 User Adaptation Layer (M3UA) 47915.4.1 Functions of M3UA 47915.4.2 Scenarios for Deployment of M3UA in

UMTS Network 48015.5 SCCP User Adaptation Layer (SUA) 481

15.5.1 Functions of SUA 48215.5.2 Scenarios for Deployment of SUA in UMTS Network 482

15.6 Comparison Between M3UA and SUA 483Summary 484


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3G Mobile Network

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