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• Most HTML tags have optional attributes (or arguments) that can be used to control their behaviour.+ Such attributes appear after the tag name but before the
closing > bracket.+ Each attribute consists of a name, = and a value.
• HREF="index.html"• HREF='index.html'• rows="4"
+ Attribute names are case-insensitive.+ Each tag supports different attributes.
• There are a number of different tags used to construct lists.+ <OL> … </OL> is used to construct an ordered or numbered list.+ <UL> … </UL> is used to construct an unordered or bullet list.+ Within these tags we place the items making up the list.
• Within a list, we use:+ <LH> for the header of the list.+ <LI> to specify list items.
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE> Numbers </TITLE></HEAD><BODY><OL TYPE="i" START="10"><LH> <EM>This is a list of 5 numbers</EM>.<LI> One<LI> Two<LI> Three<LI> Four<LI> Five</OL></BODY></HTML>
TYPE="A" Sets markers to uppercase letters.TYPE="a" Sets markers to lowercase letters.TYPE="I" Sets markers to uppercase Roman numerals.TYPE="i" Sets markers to lowercase Roman numeralsTYPE="1" Sets markers to numbers Default value.
Changes the shape of the bullet. Default value is disc
<OL></OL>
(Ordered List)
type=
start= n(a positive integer)
Indicates where to start counting
<LI></LI> (List Item) type= Any of the vaues for ordered list above
Overrides any type attribute set yb relevant OL tag (ordered lists only)
type= Any of the vaues for unordered list above
Overrides any type attribute set yb relevant UL tag (unordered lists only)
value= n(positive integer)
Indicates where to start counting (applies only to ordered lists)
List Related Elements
A" Sets markers to uppercase letters."a" Sets markers to lowercase letters."I" Sets markers to uppercase Roman numerals."i" Sets markers to lowercase Roman numerals"1" Sets markers to numbers Default value.
• Web browsers ignore white space and blank lines so special elements are needed to produce spaces and blank lines that will be preserved and displayed by a web browser.+ Single white space  :+ Single Line Break <BR> + Block quote element <blockquote> </blockquote>+ Preformat element <PRE> </PRE>
• Browsers display backgrounds by filling the available space in the browsers window with a tiling background+ Image boundaries make tiling apparent+ Photographs often produce a “Pillow” effect (colour on opposite
edges don’t match) • Photograph images used for background should be uniform in
colour
• Images for background can be obtained with digital camera’s, image libraries on the web, by scanning images, or by creating your own images using a drawing program (psp)+ Web friendly formats for images on the web are
• GIF, JPEG, PNG (portable network Graphics)– not recommended are BMP, TIFF or PICT files (files
usually to large, and not all browsers can display them)• Images should be restricted to no larger than 30-40KB
Aligning ImagesInline images need to be aligned with text blocks to achieve a good combination of text and graphics. This effect is achieved by the use of the ALIGN Attribute inside the IMG tag.
+ Any text near the image will automatically flow around the image• ALIGN values LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER• Vertical ALIGN values BOTTOM, TOP and MIDDLE
+ Additional control over text behaviour around an image using CLEAR attribute inside the BR tag
• CLEAR = RIGHT, CLEAR = LEFT OR CLEAR = CENTER
Images used as LinksBy including the image tag <IMG> tag within the <A HREF></A> tags, when an image is used as a link it usually has a blue border around it,<A HREF=one.html> <IMG BORDER = 0 SRC = “box.gif” ALT
Scaling Images+ Changing it Height and Width attributes (increase or decrease
size of image on screen)+ Preserve Aspect Ration
• Scaling to large can result in Pixel effects (high resolution images better for scaling up)
• Scaling to small can result loss of image quality– Shrinking an image down does not reduce its bandwith
requirement. To reduce download times, you must compress the images
Uses of ALT attributeThe ALT attribute allows you to specify a line of text that will be displayed by browsers that aren’t configured to display graphics
+ Blind people use text-to-voice speech generation to describe web pages
+ ALT attribute will be displayed is there is a problem with your image
<IMG ALIGN ="left" HEIGHT="200" WIDTH="120" SRC="box.gif“ ALT =“picture of a box”>