3442 Industrial Instruments 2 Chapter 10 Analog Controllers Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh Princess Sumaya Univ. Electronic Engineering Dept.

34423442Industrial Instruments 2Industrial Instruments 2

Chapter 10Chapter 10AnalogAnalog ControllersControllers

Dr. Bassam KahhalehDr. Bassam Kahhaleh

Princess Sumaya Univ.Princess Sumaya Univ.Electronic Engineering Dept.Electronic Engineering Dept.

Princess Sumaya UniversityPrincess Sumaya University 3442 - Industrial Instruments 23442 - Industrial Instruments 2 22 / 27 / 27

10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Error DetectorError Detector

Voltage difference.Voltage difference.



Voltage difference.Voltage difference. Floating Power Supply.Floating Power Supply.



Voltage difference.Voltage difference. Floating Power Supply.Floating Power Supply.


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single Mode (Proportional, Integral … etc)Single Mode (Proportional, Integral … etc)

Two-Position (ON / OFF)Two-Position (ON / OFF)


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)








0000

VVSPSP

VVinin > V > VSPSP

00

+ -+ -




+V+VOO

00

VVSPSP

– – [ V[ Vinin + (R + (R11/R/R22)V)VOO]]

VVOO

+ -+ -

VVinin + ( + (RR11/R/R22))VVOO < V < VSPSP

VVinin < V < VSP SP – (R1/R2)V– (R1/R2)VOO


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (On / Off):Level measurement in a tank:

Transducer output 0.2 V / mTurn-on pump when level > 2 mTurn-off pump when level < 1.5 mPump turn-on voltage = 5 V

VVHH = 0.4 V = 0.4 VVVLL = 0.3 V = 0.3 V

VVSPSP = 0.4 V = 0.4 V

RR11 / R / R22 = 0.02 = 0.02

VVOO = 5 V = 5 V



Three-PositionThree-Position


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (3-Position):Level control in a tank:

Transducer output 0.45 V / mValve opening: 0 to 8 V

level < 2 m: valve = 20% open2 m < level < 3 m valve = 65% open3 m < level valve = 100% openComparator output voltage = 5 V

VVSP1SP1 = 0.9 V = 0.9 VVVSP2SP2 = 1.35 V = 1.35 V

VVBB = 1.6 V = 1.6 V RR33 / R / R11 = 0.72 = 0.72

VVOutOut = 1.6 V = 1.6 V

VVOutOut = 5.2 V = 5.2 V

RR33 / R / R22 = 0.56 = 0.56



FloatingFloating


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (Floating):Trip Voltages: 2 & 4 V3-Position Controller O/P: 0, ± 2 VIntegrator: 1 MΩ, 1 μF = 1 sec= 1 sec


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (Floating):Assume an inverter is used at the output of the integrator:

dtVcVosec1

1

2 V2 V

-2 V-2 V



ProportionalProportional

OPo

PP

VVeGV

peKp

O


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (Proportional):O/P Scaling: 0 – 10 V 0 – 100 %Zero error controller O/P: 50 %Proportional Band: 20 %Error Range: 10 V

VVOO = 5 V = 5 V

PB = 100 / KPB = 100 / KPP

KKPP = 100 / 20 = 5 = 100 / 20 = 5

e

OP

PP

V

VK

xbbbr

xbbbr

xVVVV

xVVVV

e

pK

%)100(%)100(

%)100(%)100(

minmax

1

minmax

2

minmax

min1

minmax

min2

GGPP = 5 = 5



IntegralIntegral

)0(

)0()()(

0

0

O

t

eIO

I

t

PI

VdtVGV

pdtteKtp

1/RC1/RC


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (Integral):Measurement range: 0.4 – 2 VOutput range: 0 – 6.8 VKI = 4% / (%-min)

1283.0secV96.0

V272.0

sec)60(V)4.02(100

1

V)08.6(100

4

min%1

%4

sG

K

I

I

RC = 3.53 secRC = 3.53 sec



DerivativeDerivative

dt

dVGV

dt

deKtp

eDO

PD

)(

RR22CC << 1/R<< 1/R11CC

RR11 << 1/ << 1/CC


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Single ModeSingle ModeExample (Derivative):Valve ControlFlow surge: minimum period 2.2 secInput signal range: 0.4 – 2 VOutput range: 0.0 – 5 VKD = 0.04% / (%/min)

sG

K

D

D

5.7V016.0

secV12.0

V)4.02(100

1

sec)60(V)05(100

04.0

%1

min%04.0

RR22C = 7.5 secC = 7.5 sec

ffmaxmax = 0.45 Hz = 0.45 Hz

maxmax = 2.826 r/s = 2.826 r/s

oo = 28.3 r/s = 28.3 r/s

RR11C = 1/28.3C = 1/28.3


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Composite ModesComposite Modes

Proportional-Integral (Proportional-Integral (PIPI))

OeIPePo

OPIPPP

VdtVGGVGV

pdteKKeKp

RR22/R/R11 1/R1/R22CC


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Composite ModeComposite ModeExample (PI):Input signal range: 0.4 – 2 VOutput range: 0.0 – 10 VPB = 30 %KI = 0.1% / (% - sec)

KKPP = 100 % / 30 % = 100 % / 30 %

83.20%30*)4.02(

%100*)010(

PG

1625.0secV016.0

V01.0

secV)4.02(100

1

V)010(100

1.0

sec%1

%1.0

sG

K

I

I

RR22C = 1.6 secC = 1.6 sec

RR22/R/R11 = 20.83 = 20.83



Proportional-Derivative (Proportional-Derivative (PDPD))

Oe

DPePo

OP

DPPP

Vdt

dVGGVGV

Pdt

deKKeKp

RR22/(R/(R11+R+R33)) RR33CC

RR11//R//R33 << X << XCC


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog ControllersElectronic ControllersElectronic Controllers Composite ModeComposite ModeExample (PD):Input signal range: 0.4 – 2 VOutput range: 0.0 – 5 VKP = 5 % / %KD = 0.08% / (%/min)Minimum period: 1.5 sec

sG

K

D

D

15V016.0

secV24.0

V)4.02(100

1

sec)60(V)05(100

08.0

%1

min%08.0

RR33C = 15 secC = 15 sec

ffmaxmax = 0.67 Hz = 0.67 Hz

maxmax = 4.187 r/s = 4.187 r/s

oo = 41.9 r/s = 41.9 r/s

(R(R11//R//R33)C = 1/41.9)C = 1/41.9

625.15%1*)4.02(

%5*)05(

PG

RR22/(R/(R11+R+R33)= 15.625)= 15.625



Proportional-Integral-Derivative (Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PIDPID))


10: Analog Controllers10: Analog Controllers

End of Chapter 10End of Chapter 10

3442 Industrial Instruments 2 Chapter 10 Analog Controllers Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh Princess Sumaya Univ. Electronic Engineering Dept.

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