Page 1 Applications of Computer Graphics in Cel Animation Applications of Applications of Computer Graphics Computer Graphics in Cel Animation in Cel Animation Adam Finkelstein Princeton University COS 426 Spring 2003 Adam Finkelstein Adam Finkelstein Princeton University Princeton University COS 426 Spring 2003 COS 426 Spring 2003 3-D and 2-D animation 3- D and 2 D and 2- D animation D animation Homer 3-D Homer 3 Homer 3-D Homer 2-D Homer 2 Homer 2-D Advantages of 3-D Advantages of 3 Advantages of 3-D • Complex lighting and shading • Reuse from scene to scene • Automatic in-betweening • Ease of camera motion • Realism • Texture mapping • Complex lighting and shading Complex lighting and shading • Reuse from scene to scene Reuse from scene to scene • Automatic in Automatic in- betweening betweening • Ease of camera motion Ease of camera motion • Realism Realism • Texture mapping Texture mapping Advantages of 2-D Advantages of 2 Advantages of 2-D • Easier for traditional animators • Simple gestures convey emotion • Art form refined for 80 years • Easier for traditional animators Easier for traditional animators • Simple gestures convey emotion Simple gestures convey emotion • Art form refined for 80 years Art form refined for 80 years Key idea Key idea Key idea Use 3-D methods in 2-D animation! • Expressiveness of 2-D • Technical benefits of 3-D Use 3 Use 3- D methods in 2 D methods in 2- D animation! D animation! • Expressiveness of 2 Expressiveness of 2-D • Technical benefits of 3 Technical benefits of 3-D Related work Related work Related work Automating cel animation pipeline [Fekete 95, Robertson 94, Shantzis 94, Wallace 81] Hybrid 2D/3D for cel animation [Rademacher 99, Williams 91] Automating cel animation pipeline Automating cel animation pipeline [Fekete Fekete 95, 95, Robertson 94, Robertson 94, Shantzis Shantzis 94, 94, Wallace 81 Wallace 81] Hybrid 2D/3D for Hybrid 2D/3D for cel cel animation animation [Rademacher Rademacher 99, Williams 91 99, Williams 91]
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Page 1
Applications of Computer Graphics
in Cel Animation
Applications of Applications of Computer GraphicsComputer Graphics
in Cel Animationin Cel Animation
Adam FinkelsteinPrinceton University
COS 426 Spring 2003
Adam FinkelsteinAdam FinkelsteinPrinceton UniversityPrinceton University
COS 426 Spring 2003COS 426 Spring 2003
3-D and 2-D animation33--D and 2D and 2--D animationD animation
Homer 3-DHomer 3Homer 3--DD Homer 2-DHomer 2Homer 2--DD
Advantages of 3-DAdvantages of 3Advantages of 3--DD
• Complex lighting and shading• Reuse from scene to scene• Automatic in-betweening• Ease of camera motion• Realism• Texture mapping
•• Complex lighting and shadingComplex lighting and shading•• Reuse from scene to sceneReuse from scene to scene•• Automatic inAutomatic in--betweeningbetweening•• Ease of camera motionEase of camera motion•• RealismRealism•• Texture mappingTexture mapping
Advantages of 2-DAdvantages of 2Advantages of 2--DD
• Easier for traditional animators• Simple gestures convey emotion• Art form refined for 80 years
•• Easier for traditional animatorsEasier for traditional animators•• Simple gestures convey emotionSimple gestures convey emotion•• Art form refined for 80 yearsArt form refined for 80 years
Key ideaKey ideaKey idea
Use 3-D methods in 2-D animation!• Expressiveness of 2-D• Technical benefits of 3-D
Use 3Use 3--D methods in 2D methods in 2--D animation!D animation!•• Expressiveness of 2Expressiveness of 2--DD•• Technical benefits of 3Technical benefits of 3--DD
Related workRelated workRelated work
Automating cel animation pipeline[Fekete 95, Robertson 94,
Shantzis 94, Wallace 81]
Hybrid 2D/3D for cel animation[Rademacher 99, Williams 91]
Automating cel animation pipelineAutomating cel animation pipeline[[FeketeFekete 95,95, Robertson 94, Robertson 94,
ShantzisShantzis 94, 94, Wallace 81Wallace 81]]
Hybrid 2D/3D for Hybrid 2D/3D for cel cel animationanimation[[RademacherRademacher 99, Williams 9199, Williams 91]]
Page 2
Two forms of art workTwo forms of art workTwo forms of art work OverviewOverviewOverview
Suggesting a moving cameraSuggesting a moving cameraSuggesting a moving camera
A multiperspective panoramaincorporates many perspectives intoa single locally coherent image.
A moving window slides across the panorama, selecting frames for the animation.
AA multiperspectivemultiperspective panoramapanoramaincorporates many perspectives intoincorporates many perspectives intoa single locally coherent image.a single locally coherent image.
A A moving windowmoving window slides across the slides across the panorama, selecting frames for the panorama, selecting frames for the animation.animation.
Page 3
ObjectiveObjectiveObjective
Given: 3D model and camera path
Create: Panorama and moving windowsuch that the 2D animationresembles the 3D animation
GivenGiven:: 3D model and camera path3D model and camera path
CreateCreate:: Panorama and moving windowPanorama and moving windowsuch that the 2D animationsuch that the 2D animationresembles the 3D animationresembles the 3D animation
1. 3-D scene and camera path1. 31. 3--D scene and camera pathD scene and camera path
2. Panorama and moving window2. Panorama and moving window2. Panorama and moving window 3. Illustrated panorama3. Illustrated panorama3. Illustrated panorama
Creating a panoramaCreating a panoramaCreating a panorama
• Take snapshots of 3D scene• Arrange snapshots in a plane• Merge snapshots into single image
•• Take snapshots of 3D sceneTake snapshots of 3D scene•• Arrange snapshots in a planeArrange snapshots in a plane•• Merge snapshots into single imageMerge snapshots into single image
• Fits into current production pipeline• Little effort per frame• Avoids temporal artifacts• Combines strengths of:
2-D: gestures, timing, anticipation
3-D: texture, occlusion, foreshortening
•• Fits into current production pipelineFits into current production pipeline•• Little effort per frameLittle effort per frame•• Avoids temporal artifactsAvoids temporal artifacts•• Combines strengths of:Combines strengths of: