32123960 Natural Resources of Pakistan

7/30/2019 32123960 Natural Resources of Pakistan

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This document include a short but compressive detail of

mineral resource present in Pakistan and also that how it

could be used for development of country

Rabia

Muzaffar Ali

BEIT-II

Roll

#37-

599

29th December 2009Pakist

annatur

al

resou

rces

and

their

impor

tance

in the

econo

mic

uplift

of thecount

ry

[PAKISTAN NATURAL RESOURCES AND THEIRIMPORTANCE IN THE ECONOMIC UPLIFT OF

THE COUNTRY] December 1, 2009


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Table of content

1)Pakistan

2)What are natural resources

3)natural resources of Pakistan

4)mineral resources

5)electrical resources

6)petroleum resources

7)hydropower resources

8)help in economic up lift

Natural Resources of Pakistan 2


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Brief Facts about Pakistan :-

Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Capital: Islamabad.

Area: 796,096-sq. km. [Punjab 205,344; Sindh 140,914;

Northwest Frontier Province 74,521; Balochistan 347,190;

Federally Administered Tribal Areas 27,220 and Islamabad

(Capital) 906 sq. km.]

Population: 130.60 million (1998 Census)

Ethnic Composition: 95% Muslims, 5% others

Per Capita Income: US $ 460

Currency: Pak. Rupee

Language: Urdu (National language), English (Official)

Archaeological Sites: Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Taxila, Kot Diji, Mehar Garh,

and Takht Bahi

Major Cities: Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi,

Hyderabad, Faisalabad and Multan.



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Geography

Pakistan has a total area of 803,940 square kilometers, slightly greater than

France and the United Kingdom put together.

Pakistan is located in South Asia. To the south is the Arabian Sea, with 1,046

km of Pakistani coastline. To Pakistan's east is India, which has a 2,912 km

border with Pakistan. To its west is Iran, which has a 909 km border with

Pakistan. To Pakistan's northwest lies Afghanistan, with a shared border of

2,430 km. China is towards the northeast and has a 523 km border with

Pakistan.

What are natural resources:Natural resources are naturally

occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively

unmodified (natural) form. A natural resources value rests in the amount of

the material available and the demand for it. The latter is determined by its

usefulness to production. A commodity is generally considered a natural

resource when the primary activities associated with it are extraction and

purification, as opposed to creation.

Thus

mining

petroleum extraction

fishing

hunting,

Forestry

are generally considered natural-resource industries, while agriculture

is not.

Classification of natural resourcesNatural resources

are mostly classified into

Renewable



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Non-renewable resources.

1. Renewable resources

Renewable resources are generally

Living resources (fish, reindeer, coffee, and forests, for example),

which can restock (renew) themselves if they are not over-harvested

but used sustainably. Once renewable resources are consumed at a

rate that exceeds their natural rate of replacement, the standing stock

(see renewable energy) will diminish and eventually run out. The rate

of sustainable use of a renewable resource is determined by the

replacement rate and amount of standing stock of that particular

resource.

Non-living renewable natural resources include soil and water.

Flow renewable resources are very much like renewable resources, only

they do not need regeneration, unlike renewable resources. Flow renewable

resources include renewable energy sources such as the following

renewable power sources:

solar

geothermal biomass

landfill gas

tides and wind.

Resources can also be classified on the basis of their origin as

biotic

Abiotic.

Biotic resources are derived from living organisms.

Abiotic resources are derived from the non-living world (e.g., land,

water, and air). Mineral and power resources are also abiotic resources

some of which are derived from nature.



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1. Non-renewable resources

A non-renewable resourceis a natural resource that exists in a fixed amount that cannot be re-made,

re-grown or regenerated as fast as it is consumed and used up. Some non-

renewable resources can be renewable but take an extremely long time to

renew. Fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so are

not practically considered renewable. Many environmentalists proposed to

tax on consumption of non renewable resources.

Natural resources of Pakistan:-Pakistan's principal natural resources are

arable land

water

hydroelectric potential

natural gas reserves

land

limited petroleum poor quality coal minerals



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In Pakistan five regions are rich in minerals.These are as under:

1. The salt range and Makarwal region - rich in, rock salt, gypsum andcoal.

2. The Potwar Plateau - rich in oil. 3. The north-east Balochistan and adjacent part of Waziristan - rich in

coal, Chromite and marble. 4. The lower Indus Plain - rich in natural gas and coal. 5. The Chitral area - rich in Iron. Pakistan is poor in metallic minerals and power resources, but has rich

deposits of few non-metallic minerals. Although Pakistan have many mineral deposits which are yet not

expedition and explored.

About 28% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is wateredby one of the largest irrigation systems in the world.

Agriculture accounts for about 21% of GDP and employs about 42% of the

labor force

The most important crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and

vegetables, which together account for more than 75% of the value of total



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crop output. Despite intensive farming practices, Pakistan remains a net

food importer.

Pakistan exports rice, fish, fruits, and vegetables and imports vegetable oil,

wheat, cotton (net importer), pulses, and consumer foods.

The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence,

when its share of GDP was around 53%. Following the poor harvest of 1993,

the government introduced agriculture assistance policies, including

increased support prices for many agricultural commodities and expanded

availability of agricultural credit. From 1993 to 1997, real growth in the

agricultural sector averaged 5.7% but declined to less than 2% in 2008.

Pakistan has extensive energy resources including fairly sizable natural gas

reserves, some proven oil reserves, coal, and large hydropower potential.

However, exploitation of energy resources has been slow due to a shortage

of capital and domestic and international political constraints. For instance,

domestic gas and petroleum production totals only about half the country's

energy needs, and dependence on imported oil contributes to Pakistan's

persistent trade deficits and shortage of foreign exchange. The government

announced that privatization in the oil and gas sector is a priority.

Mineral resources :-Mineral resources constitutes the

Metallic minerals

Non-metallic minerals.

The metallic minerals are inclusive of metals like gold, silver, iron and

copper. As far the non-metallic minerals, these include gypsum, limestone,

marble china clay, sulphur and soapstone

Pakistan is endowed with significant mineral resources and emerging as a

very promising area for exploration of mineral deposits. Based on availableinformation, countrys more than 6, 00, 000 sq.kms of outcrop area

demonstrates varied geological potential for metallic / non-metallic mineral

deposits.

Exploration by government agencies as well as by multinational miningcompanies and various regional geological surveys, conducted in the recent



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past have confirmed the great potential of Pakistan in the metallic mineralslike copper, gold, silver, platinum, chromites, iron, lead and zinc. As regardsindustrial minerals there is a vast potential of multi- coloured granite, marbleand other dimensional stones of high quality for export purposes.

Currently about 52 minerals are under exploitation although on small scale.

The major production is of coal, rock salt, and other industrial and

construction minerals. The value addition in the mineral sector is mainly

concentrated in five principal minerals, namely, limestone, coal, gypsum,

sulphur, crude oil, and natural gas.

The current contribution of mineral sector to the GDP is about 0.5% and

likely to increase considerably on the development and commercial

exploitation of Saindak & Reco Diq copper deposits, Duddar Zinc lead, Thar

coal and Gemstone deposits

Production in metric tons

NO

DEPOSIT TYPE MINERAL RESERVE SIZE

ANNUALPRODUCTION

(Average)

1 METALS Antimony Small 35

2 Chromite Small to

Medium

27,458

3 Iron ore -do- 24,322

4 Manganese Small 655

5 NON-METALS Agglomerate Large 366

6 - Building & Aragonite/Marble -do- 497,317



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NO


ANNUALPRODUCTION

(Average)

Dimension

Stones

7 Basalt -do- 217

8 Building stone -do- 16,011

9 Conglomerate -do- 276

10 Ebry stone Medium 209

11 Granite Large 5,676

12 Gravel -do- 19,684

13 Onyx marble -do- 28,780

14 Ordinary stone -do- 1,887

15 Sand / Bajri -do- 92,670

16 Sandstone -do- 2,255

17 Serpentine -do- 4,204

18 Slate stone -do- 108,182

19 - Clays Ball clay Small 1,371

20 Bentonite -do 19,98321 China clay Small to

Medium

61,403

22 Clays * Large 2,934,218

23 Fire clay Medium 124,003

24 Fullers earth -do- 18,446

25 - Chemical,

Fertilizer &

Industrial

Minerals

Asbestos Small 60

26 Barite Large 26,002

27 Bauxite Small 22,360

28 Brine Medium 55,903

29 Calcite Small to 15



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NO


ANNUALPRODUCTION

(Average)

Medium

30 Celestite Small 838

31 Chalk -do- 7,945

32 Dolomite Large 276,668

33 Feldspar Small 32,012

34 Flint stone -do- 73

35 Fluorite -do- 579

36 Gypsum Large 384,513

37 Lake salt Small 16,035

38 Laterite -do- 21,532

39 Limestone Large 8,697,573

40 Magnesite -do- 4,535

41 Millstone Small 1,257

42 Nepheline Syenite -do- 7043 Ochres / Red

oxides **

Medium 12,780

44 Orpiment Small 29

45 Phosphate -do- 1,074

46 Pumice -do- 1,577

47 Quartz -do- 485

48 Quartzite Small to

medium

1,457

49 Rock salt Large 1,212,366

50 Silica sand -do- 157,300

51 Soapstone Medium to large 46,486



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NO


ANNUALPRODUCTION

(Average)

52 Sulphur Small 527

53 Talc stone (Talc) -do- 260

54 Trona -do- 3,446

55 Coal Large 3,105,715

56 Natural Gas

(trillion cubic feet)

41.978893

(26.98237)

923,758

(million CFT)

57 Crude Oil

(million barrels)

765.237

(300.203)

23,195,048

(US barrels)

58 Uranium N. A. N. A.

* Argillaceous clay, clayand shale

** Ochres, red ochres andred oxide

CFT Cubic Feet

GEMS AND PRECIOUS STONES FOUNDIN PAKISTAN

S.No.Name S.No.

Name S.No.

Name

1 Actinolite 11 Hessonite 21 Rodingite

2 Agate 12 Idocrase 22 Rutile

3 Aquamarine 13 Jadeite 23 Ruby



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If like KSA, we utilize about 10 million of it per day, it would suffice for more

than 200 years. Not to forget other resources that Pakistan have when

compared with KSA. For example, we have largest

Gold/copper ore deposits at Saindak (Baluchistan) dying to be

exploited.

Under the barren mountains of Balochistan and hot sands of Sindh, there

is unlimited amount of oil and gas reserves not touched yet. And still further,

we have fertile lands of Punjab, ready to feed a population twice as big as we

are now, the best irrigation system (waiting for more water reservoirs to

enrich it), and the best quality cotton and rice.

Coal

map



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Energy resources map:

Natural capital



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Natural resources are natural capital converted to commodity inputs to

infrastructural capital processes. They include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and

other goods taken more or less from the Earth. Both extraction of the basic

resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e.g., metals,

refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even

though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former.

A nations natural resources often determine its wealth and status in the

world economic system, by determining its political influence in. Developed

nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth,

due to their greater reliance on infrastructural capital for production.

However, some see a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural

resources could actually hurt the prospects of a national economy by

fostering political corruption. Political corruption can negatively impact thenational economy because time is spent giving bribes or other economically

unproductive acts instead of the generation of generative economic activity.

There also tends to be concentrations of ownership over specific plots of

land that have proven to yield natural resources.

In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to

sustainable development have been a major focus of development

agencies. This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold mostof the Earths natural biodiversity irreplaceable genetic natural capital.

Conservation of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism,

environmentalism, the ecology movement, and Green Parties. Some view

this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing

nations.

Help in economic upliftECONOMY :

The World Bank considers Pakistan a low-income country. No more than

55.0% of adults are literate, and life expectancy is about 64 years. The

population, currently about 167 million, is growing at 1.81% annually. In



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2000, the government made significant macroeconomic reforms: Privatizing

Pakistan's state-subsidized utilities, reforming the banking sector, instituting

a world-class anti-money laundering law, cracking down on piracy of

intellectual property, and moving to quickly resolving investor disputes. After

September 11, 2001, and Pakistan's proclaimed commitment to fightingterror, many international sanctions, particularly those imposed by the

United States, were lifted. Pakistan's economic prospects began to increase

significantly due to unprecedented inflows of foreign assistance at the end of

2001. This trend is expected to continue through 2009. Foreign exchange

reserves and exports grew to record levels after a sharp decline. The

International Monetary Fund (IMF) lauded Pakistan for its commitment in

meeting lender requirements for a $1.3 billion IMF Poverty Reduction and

Growth Facility loan, which it completed in 2004, forgoing the final permitted

tranche. The Government of Pakistan has been successful in issuingsovereign bonds, and has issued $600 million in Islamic bonds, putting

Pakistan back on the investment map. Pakistan's search for additional

foreign direct investment has been hampered by concerns about the security

situation, domestic and regional political uncertainties, and questions about

judicial transparency.

On October 8, 2005 a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck Pakistan, India, and

Afghanistan. The epicenter of the earthquake was near Muzaffarabad, the

capital of Pakistani-administered Kashmir, and approximately 60 miles north-

northeast of Islamabad. An estimated 75,000 people were killed and 2.5

million people were left homeless. The disaster of such a huge magnitude

galvanized an international rescue and reconstruction effort in support of the

affected region. The earthquake cost Pakistan $1.1 billion in resettling those

affected.

U.S. assistance has played a key role in moving Pakistan's economy from the

brink of collapse to setting record high levels of foreign reserves and exports,dramatically lowering levels of solid debt. Also, despite the earthquake in

2005, GDP growth remained strong at 6.6% in fiscal year 2005-2006. In

2002, the United States led Paris Club efforts to reschedule Pakistan's debt

on generous terms, and in April 2003 the United States reduced Pakistan's

bilateral official debt by $1 billion. In 2004, approximately $500 million more



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in bilateral debt was granted. Consumer price inflation eased slightly to an

average of 8% in 2005-2006 from 9.3% in 2004-2005.

Low levels of spending in the social services and high population growth

have contributed to persistent poverty and unequal income distribution.

Pakistan's extreme poverty and underdevelopment are key concerns,

especially in rural areas.

Conclusion

The natural resources of Pakistan are no doubt very important for itseconomic up lift. Using it properly and economically and together we stand

can up lift our country to the best nations of world .It is pedagogical to know

that Saudi Arabia only sells about 9 million Barrels of Oil per day. It has the

best infrastructure in the world, with a cradle to grave welfare system for its

citizens, superb freeways, fantastic hospitals and an infrastructure that is the

envy of the world. Pakistans credit crunch in temporary. Once the country

gets over the hump in the next few years, it can begin improving its

infrastructure which is the best in South Asia even now.


32123960 Natural Resources of Pakistan

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