31082013184616-fuel-dilution.pptx

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SEMINAR REPORT ONFUEL DILUTION in vt 1710PRESENTED BY ANKUR SHARMA REG NO 1001214226 Introduction In general cases we found a problem in diesel engines that the life of engines component is gradually decreasing and one of the most reasons is fuel dilution. which can decreases the life of engine components and change the property of lubricating oil.so understand the problem of fuel dilution in diesel engine, its effect, causes and how to rectify it.

Dilution:- There are four supporting systems in order to operate in diesel engine-1.Cooling System 2.Air System 3.Fuel System4.Lubrication System

Fuel Dilution = Fuel System + Any other system(either more or less from requirement)Air Dilution = Air system+ Any other system(either more or less from requirement) MAJOR COMPONENTS OF DIESEL ENGINE

Crankcase and Oil Pan

The crankcase is usually located on the bottom of the cylinder block. The crankcase is defined as the area around the crankshaft and crankshaft bearings. Piston and Piston Ring The piston transforms the energy of the expanding gasses into mechanical energy These rings function as the seal between the piston and the cylinder wall and also act to reduce friction by minimizing the contact area between the piston and the cylinder wall.

Connecting Rod The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft Crankshaft. The crankshaft transforms the linear motion of the pistons into a rotational motion

that is transmitted to the load. Crankshafts are made of forged steel.

Timing Gears, Camshaft, and Valve Mechanism

In order for a diesel engine to operate, all of its components must perform their functions at very precise intervals in relation to the motion of the piston. To accomplish this, a component called a camshaft is used.

Nearly all diesel engines rely on a liquid cooling system to transfer waste called idler gears and timing gears.

The gears allow the rotation of the camshaft to correspond or be in time with, the rotation of the crankshaft and thereby allow the valve opening, valve closing, and injection of fuel

Cooling System

. Cooling systems consists of a close loop

. Cooling systems is used to transfer waste heat out of the block and internals as shown in figure.

. Cooling systems contains the following major components- 1. Water pump 2.Radiator or heat exchanger 3. Water jackets(consist of coolant passages in the block and heads) 4. Thermostat Air System. Air is routed from the air cleaner directly to the intake air manifold.

. Turbocharger and Supercharger force additional air into the combustion chamber so the engine can burn more fuel and develop more horsepower.

Fuel System. All diesel engine require a method to store and deliver fuel to the engine.. Fuel serves two purposes- - One purpose is obviously to supply the fuel to run the engine. - Diesel fuel is kept continuously flowing to act as a coolant to the injectors and excess fuel routed back to the fuel storage tank.

Lubrication System

. If moving parts are allowed to make metal to metal contact engine would not run for even a few minutes .

. The oil serves four purposes- - Lubricate - cool - cleans - Absorbs shocks(helps to caution the load)CAUSES OF FUEL DILUTION Leaking injectors Excessive idle time Incomplete combustion Cool engine operating conditions Frequent short trip driving Performance chips/engine modifications Restricted air filter/bad air to fuel ratio Worn piston rings/excessive blow-by Incorrect choke settings Fuel pump/over fueling Seals and gaskets Improper injector timing EFFECTS OF FUEL DILUTION Reduced oil viscosity Disrupts the oil film strength causing metal asperities to contact each other promoting engine wear, particularly in the cylinder/ring area Increases volatility Weakened lubricant detergency Accelerated lubricant oxidation Varnish formation Acid formation/corrosion Low oil pressure

VT1710 Cummins diesel engine- SPECIFICATION

Engine Context- 4 stroke cycle V12Displacement 28 liters or 1710 CID(cubic inch displacement)Bore- 5.5 inch or 139.7 mmStroke- 6 inch or 152.4 mmPower- 635 HP (sae) or 434 kw @2100 rpm Torque- 1588ft or 2153 Nm @ 2100 rpmWeight- 3640 kg or 8050 lbs.Length-71 inch or 1803 mmWidth- 50 inch or 1270 mmHeight- 51 inches 1295mmCompression ratio- 14.1:1

Ways to find out of diesel dilution 1. Oil level. 2. Physical property of oil(rough check of viscosity) 3. Chemical properties of oil. 4. Rate of dripping of droplets. 5. Sound and stroke condition. 6.Engine blow(fuel is not burnt properly). 7. Smoke condition- - Black smoke - White smoke - Blue smoke

Rectify The Diesel DilutionTEMPORARY RECTIFICATION To rectify urgently If fuel dilution is low change the oil completely. PARMANENTLY RECTIFICATION- a. SMOKE IDENTIFICATION- BLACK COLOUR (INJECTOR BEING FAULTY) AND BLUE SMOKE (MIX WITH LUBRICATING OIL) b. ENGINE SOUND - ERRATIC SOUND(UNBURNT FUEL+OIL) c. ENGINE BLOW - CHANGE THE PISTON RING AND CHECK THE INNER LININGS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS WALLS. GAP (P.R AND INTERNAL LAYER OF COMB CHAMBER) d. INTERNAL OBSERVATION- MEASURE TEMP BET EXHAUST PORT AND FUEL INJECTORS.CHANGE AND CHECK FAULTY INJECTORS OR ADJUSTMENT SCREW,CAM FOLLOWER AND CAM SHAFT PUSH TUBE. CONCLUSION Starting with the basics of diesel engines to the parts of diesel engine to systems of diesel engines was studied by me. As I was preparing my report in fuel dilution my understanding of each parts and systems of diesel engine can improved.Thank you !