59 This chapter deals with the profile of the study area in five sections. The first section deals with the profile of the Indian Dairy Industry. The scene of Cooperative Dairying in Tamil Nadu is presented in the second section. The third section deals with the profile of Thanjavur District. Profile of the Thanjavur District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited has been dealt with in the fourth section. The fifth section presents the profile of the six sample societies taken for the purpose of analyzing the contribution of the union towards economic development of the region. 3.1 PROFILE OF INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY 3.1.1 DAIRY MAP OF INDIA The Dairy Map of India in Figure 3.1 shows areas of high, medium and low milk production, based on the per capita availability in 28 states and 7 union territories. Pockets of high milk production were also identified. Today, India stands as the world’s number one milk producer as well as the number one milk market. 3.1.2 DAIRY COOPERATIVES IN INDIA – PROFILE Dairy cooperatives account for the major share of processed liquid milk marketed in the country. Milk is processed and marketed by 170 milk producers cooperative unions, operating in over 338 districts which federate into 15 state cooperative milk manufacturing federation and covers nearly 108574 village level societies owned by nearly 12 million farmer members.
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59
This chapter deals with the profile of the study area in five sections. The first section
deals with the profile of the Indian Dairy Industry. The scene of Cooperative Dairying in
Tamil Nadu is presented in the second section. The third section deals with the profile of
Thanjavur District. Profile of the Thanjavur District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union
Limited has been dealt with in the fourth section. The fifth section presents the profile of the
six sample societies taken for the purpose of analyzing the contribution of the union towards
economic development of the region.
3.1 PROFILE OF INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY
3.1.1 DAIRY MAP OF INDIA
The Dairy Map of India in Figure 3.1 shows areas of high, medium and low milk
production, based on the per capita availability in 28 states and 7 union territories. Pockets of
high milk production were also identified. Today, India stands as the world’s number one
milk producer as well as the number one milk market.
3.1.2 DAIRY COOPERATIVES IN INDIA – PROFILE
Dairy cooperatives account for the major share of processed liquid milk marketed in
the country. Milk is processed and marketed by 170 milk producers cooperative unions,
operating in over 338 districts which federate into 15 state cooperative milk manufacturing
federation and covers nearly 108574 village level societies owned by nearly 12 million farmer
members.
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Dairy cooperatives now market milk in all metros, major cities and more than 800
towns/cities. During 1991 – 2007 the daily milk supply by cooperatives to each 1000 urban
consumers has increased from 37.3 to 66.3 litres.1
3.2 TAMIL NADU DAIRY INDUSTRY
Tamil Nadu is an agriculture oriented state and majority of the farmers own cattle.
Dairying provides main source of income, next to agriculture. In a tropical region like Tamil
Nadu agriculture may fail sometimes, due to monsoon failure but dairying never fails. It
ensures regular and steady income.
India occupies the number one position in the world milk production. Tamil Nadu is
one of the frontline states in milk production. In Tamil Nadu as per the 127th
Livestock and
Poultry Census (2003) the total cattle population was 107.99 lakhs which accounts for 3.81
per cent of the total livestock population the country (2831.03 lakhs).2
The buffalo population is 16.58 lakhs which accounts for 1.70 percent of the country’s
buffalo population (979.22 lakhs). The cattle population which comprises of crossbreed and
indigenous cattle is 91.41 lakhs which is 4.94 percent of the country’s cattle population
(1851.81 lakhs). The cattle population, which was 31.72 lakhs during 1997 has increased to
36.94 lakhs in 2003. The buffalo population which was 12.82 lakhs in 1997 has decreased to
7.92 lakhs in the year 2003.3 However, the milk production in Tamil Nadu has increased
tremendously over the past 20 years. From 1.74 million tones in 1981, it increased to 3.35
million tones in 1991 and in the year 2001, the milk production was 4.91 million tones.4
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The dairy milk production in Tamil Nadu through organized and unorganized sector is
roughly around 127 lakh litres per day (LLPD) and out of which 63.50 LLPD of milk is
available as market surplus after retaining 50 per cent of the production for own consumption
by the producers. Out of the market surplus of 63.50 LLPD during the year 2004 – 2005
around 23.76 LLPD has been procured through, the cooperatives and 12.85 LLPD procured
by registered private dairies and the balance quantity of milk has been handled by the
unorganized sector.5
3.2.1 COOPERATIVE DAIRYING IN TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu stands at fourth position in the country in the milk procurement through
cooperatives. Steps are being taken to bring it to the number one position in the country by
inducting new animals and by increasing productivity. Efforts are also being taken to
improve infrastructure facilities in the state to handle more milk to be procured through the
cooperative societies.
The Dairy Development Department was established in 1958 in Tamil Nadu. The
administrative and statutory control over all the milk cooperatives in the State was transferred
to the Dairy Development Department on 1.8.1965. The Commissioner for Milk Production
and Dairy Development was made the functional Registrar under the Tamil Nadu Cooperative
Societies Act.
With the adoption of ‘Anand pattern’ in the State of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu
Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited was registered in the State on February 1,
1981. The commercial activities of the department such as milk procurement, processing,
chilling, packing and sale of milk to the consumers etc., hitherto dealt with by the Tamil Nadu
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Dairy Development Corporation Ltd., were transferred to the newly registered Tamil Nadu
Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited, popularly known as “Aavin”.6
As a result of liberalization policy, private dairies have entered into the field of
dairying leading to a healthy competition between the Cooperatives and the private dairies
thereby paving the way for the consumers to get the best quality of milk at competitive prices.
3.2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
The Department has two fold basic objectives:
1) Assuring a remunerative price for the milk produced by the members of the Milk
Producers’ Cooperative Societies through a stable, steady and well organized market
support.
2) Marketing good quality milk and milk products to the consumers at a reasonable price.
3.2.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
The functions of the Dairy Development Department include organization of societies,
registration of societies, supervision and control of Primary Milk Cooperatives, District
Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions and Tamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers’
Federation. It also maintains and increases the supply of liquid milk to the consumers by
ensuring food safety and hygienic regulations.
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The Dairy Development Department exercises statutory functions like inquiry,
inspection, surcharge and suppression, appointment of special officers, liquidation and
winding up of dormant societies etc. The Commissioner for Milk Production and Dairy
Development, Deputy Milk Commissioner (cooperation), and Circle Deputy Registrars
(Dairying) are vested with quasi-judicial powers in respect of settlement of disputes, appeal,
revision and review under various provisions of Tamil Nadu Cooperative Societies Act, 1983
and the Tamil Nadu Cooperative Societies Rules, 1988.
3.2.4 PRIMARY DAIRY COOPERATIVES
A minimum number of 25 or more individuals competent to contract under section 11
of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, owning milch animals, can form a Primary Dairy
Cooperative Society, with one or more villages as its area of operation. Such persons have to
approach the Circle Deputy Registrar’s (Dairying) office functioning at the District for further
guidance. The members of Primary Milk Cooperative societies have to pour milk to the
society which will procure milk on quality basis and the members will receive milk cost once
in 10 days/15 days from the Society. Milch animals are provided with free veterinary health
cover, artificial insemination and the supply of balanced cattle feed. Induction of farmers on
modern animal husbandry practices aimed at upgrading the milch animals and thereby
improving their productivity in the long run for the benefit of the members were provided.
3.2.5 DISTRICT COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ UNION (DCMPUs)
There are 17 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions functioning in the State of
Tamil Nadu covering 30 Districts. There are 15 Dairies in District Cooperative Milk
Producers’ Unions with installed processing capacity of 19.46 LLPD. There are 39 Chilling
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Centres in the District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions with installed chilling capacities
of 13.23 LLPD.
The average milk procurement per day by the District Cooperative Milk Producers’
Union is presented in Table 3.1.
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Table – 3.1
AVERAGE MILK PROCUREMENT PER DAY BY DISTRICT COOPERATIVE
MILK PRODUCERS’ UNIONS IN TAMIL NADU
Year
Average Milk
Procurement
(LLPD)
Trend
Percentage
1998 – 1999 15.10 100.00
1999 – 2000 16.63 110.13
2000 – 2001 16.94 112.19
2001 – 2002 17.49 115.83
2002 – 2003 15.79 104.57
2003 – 2004 17.26 114.30
2004 – 2005 20.56 136.16
2005 – 2006 21.59 142.98
Source: http:// www.aavin.net/organisation.html.
It could be found that the average milk procurement per day shows an increasing trend
except for the year 2002-03. The maximum growth rate of 142.98 per cent has been witnessed
in the year 2005-06.
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3.2.6 ENHANCEMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION
In Tamil Nadu, 12.54 lakhs cows and 2.12 lakhs buffaloes are under the Cooperative
fold and they are provided with breeding cover through Artificial Insemination programme by
using frozen semen, health cover through mobile veterinary units and vaccination of bovine
population against Foot and Mouth Disease and Theileriosis disease. Producer members are
supplied with cattle feed and fodder for their animals. During the year 2004 – 2005, up to
March 15, 2005, 16757 million tonnes of cattle feed have been produced and 16902 million
tonnes of cattle feed have been sold.7
3.2.7 TAMIL NADU COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ FEDERATION
LIMITED (TCMPF)
The Tamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited is an apex body of
17 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions. A brief overview of the Federation is
presented in Table 3.2.
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Table – 3.2
TAMIL NADU COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ FEDERATION LIMITED –
AT A GLANCE
S.No. Particulars As on 25-12-2006
1. No. of Primary Milk Cooperative Societies 9012
A. Milk Producers Cooperative Societies 8949
B. Milk Supply Cooperative Society 1
C Dairy Cooperative Farm 1
D Milk Consumers’ Cooperative Societies 60
E Cooperative Milk Supply Union 1
2. Total number of functional societies 7701
3. Total number of members in Primary Milk Cooperative
Societies
21.19 lakhs
4. Milk Procurement (by societies) (as on 15.03.2005) 25.09 LLPD
5. No. of District Unions 17
6. State Level Federation 1
7. Milk Procurement (by Unions) 21.59 LLPD
8. Average Milk Marketing in Chennai City 8.49 LLPD
9. Milk Marketing in District Cooperative Milk Producers’
Unions
8.87 LLPD
10. Number of Union Dairies 15
11. No. of Federation dairies 4
12. Handling Capacity Union Dairies (LLPD) 19.46 LLPD