307 EOYE Final 2013

Biol 307 Anatomy & Diversity of Plants 2013 End of Year Exam

Your Name: ______________________________

SECTION 3: Long Answer QuestionsThere are 4( FOUR) questions in this section. WITH THE AID OF DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS (yes that means you HAVE to draw!!) Clearly answer 2 (TWO) of the options given. If I cannot read it it is wrong! you must be able to defend your logic and answers. If asked to compare and contrast you must do so. You cannot just say yes or no!!

You may write in point form. Each question is worth 20 marks

SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICEThere are 50 (FIFTY) questions in this section. Clearly circle the most appropriate answer. There is only one correct answer for each question. if you must correct your answer please indicate clearly the answer you wish to count for marks. (50 MARKS TOTAL)

SECTION 2: Short Answer QuestionsDo all questions in this section (60 points total)

Your mark = /50

Your mark = /60

Your mark = /60

Your total exam mark = /170

1. After primary growth is mature, elements of the protoxylem are:

a. recognized by circular or spiral secondary wall thickenings.

b. transformed into metaxylem.c. active in water conduction.d. differentiated into tracheids.e. crushed beyond recognition.

2. Which is not found in a monocot (e.g. corn) vascular bundle?

a. Metaxylemb. Sclerified bundle sheathc. Protoxylem lacunad. Metaphloeme. Cambium

3. Closed vascular bundles are found in: a. ferns and other lower plants.b. gymnosperms.c. dicots.d. monocots.e. all plants.

4. A bicollateral vascular bundle: a. has phloem on both sides of the xylem.b. has xylem on both sides of the phloem.c. is represented by the fusion of two vascular

bundles.d. possesses no vascular cambium.e. has only one layer of xylem and of phloem.

5. Which is a characteristic of dicots? a. Roots develop from radicleb. Secondary growth usually absentc. Flower parts in multiples of threed. Parallel leaf veins

6. Flowering plants and mammals became dominant during the past ______ million years.

a. 1b. 23c. 66d. 195e. 500

7. Indeterminate growth: a. occurs only from apical meristems.b. is a characteristic feature of animals.c. requires sexual reproduction.d. is generated by both primary and secondary

growth.e. is primarily found in the gametophyte stage

of seed plants.

8. Conifers are characterized by: a. possessing vessel elements.b. having reproductive structures in cones.c. always having deciduous leaves.d. being mostly adapted to tropical climates.e. having arisen from flowering plants.

9. Which tissue gives rise to secondary growth? a. Apical meristemb. Adventitious rootsc. Germinating seedd. Terminal budse. Vascular cambium

10. Which is not true of collenchyma cell walls? a. Contain cellulose and ligninb. Possess primary pit fieldsc. Lack secondary wallsd. Contain a high percentage of watere. Have unevenly thickened primary walls.


SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICEThere are 50 (FIFTY) questions in this section. Clearly circle the most appropriate answer. There is only one correct answer for each question. if you must correct your answer please indicate clearly the answer you wish to count for marks. (50 MARKS TOTAL)

11. Which is not true of parenchyma cells? a. They are essentially isodiametric.b. Often serve as storage tissue.c. May be converted into collenchyma or

sclerenchyma.d. They constitute the type of cells most

commonly found in more primitive plants.e. They provide an effective transport and

support mechanism for the plant

12. Cell walls of collenchyma cells are flexible due to: a. a high lignin content.b. their elastic nature due to contractile

proteins.c. irregular secondary thickenings.d. a helicoidal arrangement of cellulose

microfibrils.e. layers that slide past one another

13. A simple tissue is: a. incapable of transforming into another cell

type.b. composed of small cells.c. comprised of only one cell type.d. always isodiametric.e. not found in higher plants

14. A feature associated with parenchyma cells: a. small or no vacuoles.b. a highly elongated cellular axis.c. totipotency.d. irregularly thickened cell walls.e. lack of plasmodesmata.

15. Pavement cells lack: a. chloroplasts.b. cuticle.c. epicuticular waxes.d. mitochondria.e. vacuoles.

16. Epidermis is formed from: a. calyptrogen.b. corpus.c. rib meristem.d. procambium.e. Tunica

17. Multiple epidermal layers are: a. formed by anticlinal cell division.b. often found in tropical plants.c. derived from the corpus.d. convenient for promoting water loss.e. without a surface cuticle.

18. In woody plants, primary phloem: a. Is organized into annual rings.b. Replaces secondary phloem.c. Possesses axial rays.d. Is derived from the vascular cambium.e. Is eventually crushed.

19. Upon maturity, sieve tube elements are

missing: a. Nuclei.b. Cytoplasm.c. P-protein.d. Callose.e. Sieve pores.

20. Which is NEVER found in phloem?

a. Secretory ductsb. Fibersc. Sclereidsd. Parenchyma cellse. Torus and margo

21. Interfascicular cambium is formed: a. by the fascicular cambium.b. deep in the pith.c. only in monocots.d. by differentiation and division of

parenchyma cells.e. from active dividing primary phloem

cells.

22. Cells produced by the vascular cambium towards the axial direction are destined to become:

a. meristematic.b. phloem.c. xylem.d. pith.e. additional cambium.f. epidermis.

23. What is lacking in the walls of vascular cambium cells?

a. Celluloseb. Pectinsc. Waterd. Lignine. Hemicellulose

24. A leaf gap is found in the: a. vascular system of a leaf.b. apical meristem of a shoot.c. ground tissue of a leaf.d. ground tissue of a stem.e. vascular system of a stem.


25. Growth rings are characteristic features of: a. cortex.b. vascular cambium.c. xylem.d. phloem.e. pith.

26. A feature found in many grasses is: a. the disintegration of the pith.b. a bicollateral vascular system.c. open vascular bundles.d. a lack of sclerification.e. presence of an interfascicular cambium

27. What plant growth regularly helps promote the formation of leaf abscission?

a. Gibberellin b. Abscisic acid c. Ethylene d. Auxin e. Florigen

28. Bulliform cells: a. enable the leaf to fold.b. are found in the endodermis.c. are highly photosynthetic.d. are characteristic of mesomorphic plants.e. are derived from procambium.

29. Shade leaves are generally: a. thicker leaf blades.b. have multiple layers of palisade mesophyll.c. have a higher proportion of spongy mesophyll

over palisade mesophyll.d. have reduced intercellular spaces in spongy

mesophyll.e. characterized by much smaller epidermal cells

than sun leaves.

30. An inferior ovary: a. is situated on the receptacle above the perianth

and androecium.b. is positioned below the sites of attachment for

perianth and androecium.c. forms a hypanthium.d. is positioned below the receptacle.e. is a rotten ovary.

31. Double fertilization involves: a. one sperm and two eggs.b. two sperm, one egg and one polar.c. two sperm, one egg and two polar.d. three sperm, one egg, one synergid and one

polar.e. one sperm, one egg, and one synergid.

32. A pollen tube enters into the embryo sac through the:

a. chalaza.b. nucellus.c. endosperm.d. micropyle.e. funiculus

33. Which cell(s) is/are closest to the egg in the embryo sac?

a. Polarb. Antipodalsc. Synergidsd. Integumentse. Nucellus

34. The male gametophyte represents a very reduced structure. Which of the following represents the most complete example?

a. Pollen tubeb. Pollen grainc. Generative celld. Microsporocytee. Microspore

35. In a pome, a large part of the fruit is derived from the floral tube, or hypanthium.

a. Trueb. False

36. An example of a dry, dehiscent fruit is: a. pome.b. nut.c. samara.d. berry.e. legume.

37. In monocots, the embryonic root is covered by a(n):

a. hypodermis.b. scutellum.c. coleorhiza.d. endosperm.e. foliage leaf.

38. The fruit of a cucumber is termed a(n): a. hesperidium.b. drupe.c. achene.d. pepo.e. caryopsis.


39. In the formation of a fruit, the style, perianth and androecium generally:

a. become the seed coat.b. are parts of the floral tube for fruit

development.c. represent the pedicel.d. dry up and abscise.e. become part of the pericarp.

40. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by bryophytes and vascular plants?

a. Multicellular embryosb. Coleochaete-like ancestorc. monophyletic lineaged. Dominant gametophytese. An alternation of heteromorphic

generations

41. In the evolution of vascular plants, there is a trend toward the:

a. above-ground parts becoming structurally similar to the below-ground parts.

b. progressive reduction of the sporophyte.c. sporophyte becoming nutritionally

dependent on the gametophyte.d. increased protection of the gametophyte by

the sporophyte.e. production of seeds in all lineages.

42. An intercalary meristem is located:a. in an internode.b. at a node.c. in the tunica.d. at the shoot tip.e. in a bud.

43. ______ has a stem with scattered vascular bundles.a. Ranunculusb. Sambucusc. Zead. Medicagoe. Tilia

44. Extensions of vascular tissues into the leaves from the stem are called:

a. leaf traces.b. leaf trace gaps. c. branch traces.d. stem bundles.e. sympodia.

45. Perforation plates are characteristic of the ______ of ______.

a. tracheids; angiospermsb. vessel elements; angiospermsc. tracheids; gymnospermsd. vessel elements; gymnospermse. tracheids; seedless vascular plants

46. The presence of Casparian strips forces substances entering and leaving the vascular cylinder to pass through the protoplasts of ______ cells.

a. Endodermalb. Epidermalc. Pericycled. Xyleme. phloem

47. Cambial initials produce ______ cells toward the outside and ______ cells toward the inside.

a. ray; phloemb. phloem; phloemc. xylem; xylemd. xylem; raye. phloem; xylem

48. Lenticels function primarily ina. water transport.b. gas exchange.c. mineral uptake.d. protection.e. hormone production.

49. Which of the following statements about bryophytes is FALSE?

a. They lack xylem and phloem.b. The cell walls of their water-conducting

cells are lignified.c. They exhibit alternating heteromorphic

generations.d. The sporophyte is usually nutritionally

dependent on the gametophyte.e. The gametophyte is usually larger than

the sporophyte.

50. Gemmae are multicellular structures involved in:

a. protecting the young embryo.b. anchoring the plant to the soil.c. water and nutrient conduction.d. sexual reproduction.e. asexual reproduction



Question 1: Fill in the blank spaces to provide the features characteristic of the listed cell types. you should use

more than one word descriptions here!! (12 pts)

Cell types that make up this anatomical part

Alive or dead at functional maturity

Type(s) of wall at maturity

Wall features (pit fields, pits, etc. including end walls)

Storage parenchyma

Vessel element

Extraxylary fiber

Apical meristem


Question 2: Briefly point out the similarities and differences between the two terms in each of the following pairs. (8points)

A. pit : primary pit field

B. fiber : sclereid

C. primary cell wall : secondary cell wall

D. chloroplast : chromoplast


Question 3: The primary tissues of vascular plants are grouped into three tissue systems. Show, in diagram form, how these systems develop. Do this by making drawings of a stem seen in cross section at three levels: (15points)

(1) where all tissue is completely undifferentiated,

(2) where the meristematic zones are formed, and

(3) where all tissues are mature. Provide enough labelling to show that you understand the relationship between the apical meristem, meristematic zones, and tissue systems.


Question 4: List three kinds of parenchyma tissue based on function. What are the characteristics of the cells that would be found in each? Give some examples of locations in the plant where each type would be found. (7.5 points)

Question 5: Describe the general characteristics of collenchyma. Include: which organs normally

contain collenchyma, where it is usually located, and how you can distinguish it from other tissues.

(7.5 points)

SECTION 3: Long Answer QuestionsThere are 4 (Four) questions in this section. WITH THE AID OF DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS (yes that means you HAVE to draw!!) Clearly answer 2 (two) of the options given. If I cannot read it it is wrong! you must be able to defend your logic and answers. If asked to compare and contrast you must do so. You cannot just say yes or no!!

You may write in point form. Each question is worth 20 marks


QUESTION 1

You are being castaway to a desert island from a purely anatomical point of view outline the best plant parts to take with you and why those cells are an advantage to you. Outline the best plant to take with you that has the parts you have decided are important.


more space for Q1


QUESTION 2 With the aid of diagrams Show how you would change from a basic berry fruit into the following examples...

Change the berry to a silique, then change that silique into a samara then change the samara into a folicle, then change the folicle into an achene, then lastly change the achene into the fruit of an avocado


more space for Q2


QUESTION 3 With the aid of diagramsexplain the processes that must occur in order for double fertilization to occur, and the differences between fertilization in the two groups of higher plants


more space for Q3


QUESTION 4 With the aid of diagramsUsing a plant we have talked about in class explain the effect this plant has had on culture geography and language .

more space for Q4


307 EOYE Final 2013

Documents

long answer

cell walls

vascular system

secondary

vessel elements

floral tube

vascular cambium

multiple choice