3.04 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configurationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/fgarces/zCourse/All_Year/Ch... · 3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 23 Assignment:

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 1

3.04 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration

Dr. F. O. Garces Chemistry 100 Miramar College

Learning Objectives/Terminology- Aufbau Pauli Exclusion Principle Ne-Va-S-P

Arranging the electrons in an atom

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 2

Electronic Configuration How are the electrons of an atom arranged in the atom?

What are shells and orbitals arrange outside the nuclei of an atom?

How is the e- arrangement liken to that of a Hotel room (Hotel del Orbital) ?

What is the importance of the valence electrons and how do these influence chemistry?

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 3

PreLude to eConfiguration Placing electrons in orbitals to complete the electron configuration.

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 4

Shells and Orbitals

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 5

Relative Energies for Shells and Orbitals

1

2

3

4

567∞8

s p d f

Relative Energies of the orbitals

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 6

2s •  H = 1s1

•  He = 1s2

•  Li = 1s2 2s1

•  Be = 1s2 2s2

•  B = 1s2 2s2 2p1

•  C = 1s2 2s2 2p2

•  N = 1s2 2s2 2p3

•  O = 1s2 2s2 2p4

•  F = 1s2 2s2 2p5

•  Ne = 1s2 2s2 2p6

1s

The First 10 elements:

2p

+ +

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 7

Electron Configuration Hydrogen and Helium

H

He He = 1s2

H = 1s1

1s 2s 2p

1s 2s 2p

Pauli Exclusion Principle

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 8

Relative Energies for Shells and Orbitals

1

2

3

4

567∞8

s p d f

Relative Energies of the orbitals

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 9

Electron Configuration: Lithium to Beryllium

Be

+ +

=

Li + +

=

Li = 1s2 2s1

Be = 1s2 2s2 1s 2s 2p

1s 2s 2p

Aufbau Process

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 10

Relative Energies for Shells and Orbitals

1

2

3

4

567∞8

s p d f

Relative Energies of the orbitals

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 11

Electron Configuration: Boron to Nitrogen

N

+ +

=

C

+ +

=

B

+ +

=

B = 1s2 2s2 2p1

N = 1s2 2s2 2p3

1s 2s 2p

1s 2s 2p

1s 2s 2p

C = 1s2 2s2 2p2 Hund’s Rule

Paramagnetic

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 12

Relative Energies for Shells and Orbitals

1

2

3

4

567∞8

s p d f

Relative Energies of the orbitals

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 13

Electron Config: Oxygen to Neon

O

+ +

=

F

+ +

=

Ne

+ +

=

F = 1s2 2s2 2p5

Ne = 1s2 2s2 2p6

1s 2s 2p

1s 2s 2p

1s 2s 2p

O = 1s2 2s2 2p4

Diamagnetic

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 14

Relative Energies for Shells and Orbitals

1

2

3

4

567∞8

s p d f

Relative Energies of the orbitals

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 15

Electron Configuration using the Periodic Table

When using the Periodic table to determine the electron

configuration of an atom, it is important to understand the

layout of the periodic table.

The row of a periodic table can be used to determine which

energy level, 1, 2, 3... the valence electrons are located. The

column of the periodic table helps determine how many valence

electron an atom possesses. Elements in the 1A column (family)

have one valence electron, in the IIA column, elements have two

valence electron, in the IIIA family, elements have three

valence electrons, and so on.

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 16

The elements designated in -block is where the very last electrons are found in the s-orbitals. Therefore the elements in portion of the periodic table is referred to as the s-block elements. The elements designated in -block is where the very last electrons are found in the p-orbitals. The elements found in this portion of the periodic table is referred to as the p-block elements. The same can be said about the -block and -block with the elements found in this portion of the periodic table referred to as the d-block (transition metals) and f-block (man-made) elements.

Electron Configuration using the Periodic Table

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 17

Electron Configuration: ne-va-s-p

e- config. for Sulfur ?

1IA

18VIIIA

1 2IIA

13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

3 3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8 9VIIIB

10 11IB

12IIB

4

5

6

7

H 1s1

Li 2s1

Na 3s1

K 4s1

Rb 5s1

Cs 6s1

Fr 7s1

Be 2s2

Mg 3s2

Ca 4s2

Sr 5s2

Ba 6s2

Ra 7s2

Sc 3d1

Ti 3d2

V 3d3

Cr 4s13d5

Mn 3d5

Fe 3d6

Co 3d7

Ni 3d8

Zn 3d10

Cu 4s13d10

B 2p1

C 2p2

N 2p3

O 2p4

F 2p5

Ne 2p6

He 1s2

Al 3p1

Ga 4p1

In 5p1

Tl 6p1

Si 3p2

Ge 4p2

Sn 5p2

Pb 6p2

P 3p3

As 4p3

Sb 5p3

Bi 6p3

S 3p4

Se 4p4

Te 5p4

Po 6p4

Cl 3p5

Be 4p5

I 5p5

At 6p5

Ar 3p6

Kr 4p6

Xe 5p6

Rn 6p6

Y 4d1

La 5d1

Ac 6d1

Cd 4d10

Hg 5d10

Ag 5s14d10

Au 6s15d10

Zr 4d2

Hf 5d2

Db 6d2

Nb 4d3

Ta 5d3

Jl 6d3

Mo 5s14d5

W 6s15d5

Rf 7s16d5

Tc 4d5

Re 5d5

Bh 6d5

Ru 4d6

Os 5d6

Hn 6d6

Rh 4d7

Ir 5d7

Mt 6d7

Ni 4d8

Ni 5d8

•  ne - number of electrons; the total number of electrons •  va - valence electrons; the number of valence electrons •  s - shell of valence electrons •  p - previous noble gas

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 18

Electron Configuration: Sulfur

p - previous noble gas

= Ne (10 e-)

ne - number of electrons; the total number of electrons; this equals the number of protons or atomic number = 16

Va - valence electrons; the number of valence electrons = 6

s - shell of valence electrons = 3

1IA

18VIIIA

1 2IIA

13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

3 3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8 9VIIIB

10 11IB

12IIB

4

5

6

7

H 1s1

Li 2s1

Na 3s1

K 4s1

Rb 5s1

Cs 6s1

Fr 7s1

Be 2s2

Mg 3s2

Ca 4s2

Sr 5s2

Ba 6s2

Ra 7s2

Sc 3d1

Ti 3d2

V 3d3

Cr 4s13d5

Mn 3d5

Fe 3d6

Co 3d7

Ni 3d8

Zn 3d10

Cu 4s13d10

B 2p1

C 2p2

N 2p3

O 2p4

F 2p5

Ne 2p6

He 1s2

Al 3p1

Ga 4p1

In 5p1

Tl 6p1

Si 3p2

Ge 4p2

Sn 5p2

Pb 6p2

P 3p3

As 4p3

Sb 5p3

Bi 6p3

S 3p4

Se 4p4

Te 5p4

Po 6p4

Cl 3p5

Be 4p5

I 5p5

At 6p5

Ar 3p6

Kr 4p6

Xe 5p6

Rn 6p6

Y 4d1

La 5d1

Ac 6d1

Cd 4d10

Hg 5d10

Ag 5s14d10

Au 6s15d10

Zr 4d2

Hf 5d2

Db 6d2

Nb 4d3

Ta 5d3

Jl 6d3

Mo 5s14d5

W 6s15d5

Rf 7s16d5

Tc 4d5

Re 5d5

Bh 6d5

Ru 4d6

Os 5d6

Hn 6d6

Rh 4d7

Ir 5d7

Mt 6d7

Ni 4d8

Ni 5d8

S

Ne

e- config for Sulfur S = [Ne]3s23p4

•  ne - number of electrons; the total number of electrons •  va - valence electrons; the number of valence electrons •  s - shell of valence electrons •  p - previous noble gas

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 19 1

2

3

4

567∞8

Relative Energies of the orbitals and the filling order.

Electron arrangement for the Sulfur atom The 16 electrons for sulfur occupy the shells & orbitals of sulfur from the lowest energy to the highest.

s p d f

S

16 total electrons

e- config for Sulfur S = [Ne] 3s2 3p4

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 20 1

2

3

4

567∞8

Relative Energies of the orbitals and the filling order.

Electron arrangement for the Scandium atom The 16 electrons for sulfur occupy the shells & orbitals of sulfur from the lowest energy to the highest.

s p d f

21 total electrons

e- config for Scandium Sc = [Ar]4s23d1

Sc

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 21 1

2

3

4

567∞8

Relative Energies of the orbitals and the filling order.

Electron arrangement for the Scandium atom The 16 electrons for sulfur occupy the shells & orbitals of sulfur from the lowest energy to the highest.

s p d f

Sn

50 total electrons

e- config for Tin Sn = [Kr]5s24d105p2

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 22

The First 20 elements:

2s •  H = 1s1

•  He = 1s2

•  Li = 1s2 2s1

•  Be = 1s2 2s2

•  B = 1s2 2s2 2p1

•  C = 1s2 2s2 2p2

•  N = 1s2 2s2 2p3

•  O = 1s2 2s2 2p4

•  F = 1s2 2s2 2p5

•  Ne = 1s2 2s22p6

•  Na = 1s2 2s22p63s1

•  Mg = 1s2 2s22p63s2

•  Al = 1s2 2s22p63s23p1

•  Si = 1s2 2s22p63s23p2

•  P = 1s2 2s22p63 s23p1

•  S = 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p4

•  Cl = 1s2 2s2 2p63s2 3p5

•  Ar = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

1s

2p

+ +

+ +

3p

3s

3.05 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration January 10 23

Assignment: Determine the electron configuration.

1. Write out the electron configurations for the following atoms and ions. Determine the number of unpaired electrons in the ground state. 13Al 12Mg+2 50Sn 15P-3 34Se-1 32Ge+2

2. Write the electron box diagram for the following elements.

Which have identical electron configuration (isoelectronic) ? S-2 Cl Ar Ca+2

3. What does the term: Aufbau, Pauli Exclusion and Hund’s Rule mean? 4. How does atomic radius change as one goes left to right along the periodic table?

Explain*. 5. How does the ionization change as one goes down the periodic table? Explain*.

* Explain, means explain why.