Apr 01, 2015
3 Major Pre-Columbian 3 Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations: Civilizations: Maya, Aztec, Maya, Aztec,
IncaIncaFind these locations and label them on Find these locations and label them on
your map.your map.
Early Human Early Human MigrationsMigrations
A.D. 250 - A.D. 900
Lands of the Lands of the MayansMayans
The Yucatan
Peninsula
The Yucatan
Peninsula
TikalTikal, Guatemala, Guatemala
Map of TikalMap of Tikal
Temple of the Masks
Temple of the Masks
Tikal:Tikal:
Temple Temple of the of the MasksMasks
Tikal - Wall Mask of Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain Godthe Rain God
Tikal Jungle View at Tikal Jungle View at SunsetSunset
Chichen-ItzaChichen-Itza - - PyramidPyramid
Cities were religious centers. Pyramid style Temples stood in the middle of the city. Worshiped many gods and performed rituals including human sacrifice to their gods.
PakalPakal: The Maya : The Maya AstronautAstronaut
Quetzalcoatl:The God of Wisdom The God of Wisdom
& Learning& Learning
Every Spring and Fall equinox, the sun hits the pyramid just perfectly that a snake is formed on the edge of the staircase. The head is down on the bottom of the staircase. Architects still aren’t exactly sure of how the Mayans figured out how to build this.
Chichen-Itza - Chichen-Itza - ObservatoryObservatory
Mayan priests studied the stars and planets. Designed an accurate calendar to determine cycles.
Mayan MathematicsMayan MathematicsFirstFirst number number system system
with a with a 00
MayanMayan Hieroglyphic Hieroglyphic
Writing Writing SystemSystem
sky king house child citysky king house child city sky king house child citysky king house child city
Chichen-Itza - Ball Chichen-Itza - Ball Court Game:Court Game:Pok-ta-PokPok-ta-Pok
Mayan Mayan Cultivation of Cultivation of
MaizeMaize
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain Farmers worked in fields surrounding the
city. Maize most important crop. Also grew squash, beans, peppers, avocados, and papayas.
Mayan Underground Mayan Underground Granaries: Granaries: ChultunesChultunes
Ground the corn into flour to make tortillas.
Mayan Drinking Mayan Drinking Cup for ChocolateCup for Chocolate
The Great Mystery of the Mayas:Collapse of the Mayan Civilization
Suddenly left their cities. Why??Enormous Population
– Lack of Resources (water, food, materials)Revolution against the Government
– Peasant uprising against nobles & priests InvasionsNatural Disaster (earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanos etc.)DiseaseCalendar Prophesies
-Mayans believed they were headed for collapse because their calendar said they were, therefore they thought they should move to new centers
Maya Review
A.D. 1100 – A.D.1521
Lands of the Lands of the AztecsAztecs
Aztec View of Aztec View of TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Island in Lake TexcocoPopulation 200,000
Tenochtitlan: The Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the “Venice” of the
AmericasAmericas
Ruins of the City Ruins of the City Center, TenochtitlanCenter, Tenochtitlan
Aztecs Aztecs Human Human Sacrifice Sacrifice of of Neighboring Tribes Neighboring Tribes to the Sun Godto the Sun God
Aztec Sun MotifsAztec Sun Motifs
Heart SacrificeHeart Sacrificeon an Aztec Temple on an Aztec Temple
PyramidPyramid
Wall of Skulls, Wall of Skulls, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Sacrificial Statue, Sacrificial Statue, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Aztec Aztec ChinampaChinampa or or Floating GardenFloating Garden::
15ft. to 30ft. wide15ft. to 30ft. wide
Tenochtitlan – Tenochtitlan – Chinampas of Chinampas of maize, maize,
squash, & beanssquash, & beans
Aztec MedicineAztec MedicineAztec doctors made more than 1,000 medicines from plants. Also set broken bones and practiced dentistry.
Aztec Aztec MathMath
Aztec Aztec WritingWriting
Aztec Aztec CodexCodex (15c Manuscript)(15c Manuscript)
Aztec Sun Stone -- Aztec Sun Stone -- CalendarCalendar
The The Aztecs Aztecs WereWereFierce Fierce WarriorsWarriors
Aztec Aztec GoldGold
Aztec Aztec TradingTrading
Montezuma II Aztec Ruler 1519
Hernan Cortes formed an alliance with the peasants and defeated the Aztecs in 1521
Aztec CollapseAztec Collapse
A.D. 1200 - A.D.1535
Lands of the Lands of the IncasIncas
CuzcoCuzco: Ancient Capital of the : Ancient Capital of the IncaIncaStone Architecture with no mortar or cement. Architecture Stonework
and earthquake proof structures – trapezoid doors and windows & walls tilted in at 80 degrees instead of 90 degree straight walls.
Machu PicchuMachu Picchu: : rediscovered 1911rediscovered 1911
This city is built into the mountainside with over 3,000 steps connecting the different levels of the city.
Machu PicchuMachu Picchu
Many GodsHuman SacrificeInti – god of sun: most important godViracocha – god of Andes people
Incan ReligionIncan Religion
Incan Incan Road Road SystemSystem15,000 miles of roads. Runners used to relay messages over vast empire.
Incan Suspension Bridges
Incan Suspension Bridges
Incan Incan Terrace Terrace FarmingFarming
Incan Digging Incan Digging SticksSticks
MaizeMaize in Incan in Incan PotteryPottery
& Gold Work& Gold Work
Over 100 Different Types of Over 100 Different Types of PotatoesPotatoes Cultivated Cultivated
by the Incansby the Incans
Produce from a Typical Produce from a Typical Incan Incan
Market Market
Peppers, Tomatoes, Peanuts
Incan Ceramic JarsIncan Ceramic Jars
PeanutPeanutPeanutPeanut PotatoPotatoPotatoPotato SquashSquashSquashSquash
Cacao Cacao GodGod
Cacao Cacao GodGod
Cacao PodCacao PodCacao PodCacao Pod
Incan Incan AqueductsAqueducts
The The QuipuQuipu:: An Incan An Incan Data Data CollectingCollecting Method Method
Inca Inca GoldGold & & SilverSilver
Francisco Pizarro– Guns, cannons, and horses– European diseases
Incan Collapse: Incan Collapse: 15351535
Incan MummiesIncan Mummies
The End