3-long_04-2

ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and PortsPCI (peripheral component interconnect) local bus – allows for circuit boards to connect to the common system bus

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ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and PortsExpansion slots – where expansion boards are installedExpansion boards or expansion cards – provide additional capabilities to the computer

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ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and PortsAGP (accelerated graphics port) bus– speeds up high-resolution 3-D graphics

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ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and PortsUSB (universal serial bus) – used to connect peripheral devices to the PCUSB hub – connects to the USB port and provides additional places to plug USB devices

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ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and PortsHot plug – USB devices can be attached or removed while the PC is runningUSB 2.0 – about 40 times faster than original USB

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ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and Ports1394 bus – similar to USB in speedFireWire – Apple terminologySupports hot plugging

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ComputersInside the Computer

Buses and PortsSCSI (small computer system interface) or “scuzzy” bus – early alternative to expansion slots in PCs

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ComputersInside the Computer

Legacy and Other PC PortsSerial port – data flows one bit at a timeParallel port – data flows several bits at a timeIrDA port or infrared port – data sent by light waves

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ComputersInside the Computer

PC Growth: Adding CapabilitiesExpansion Boards – placed in expansion slots

Graphics adapterSound Data/voice/fax modemNetwork interface card (NIC)SCSI interface cardVideo capture card

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ComputersInside the Computer

PC Cards: PCMCIA TechnologyPCMCIA card or PC cardUsually used on notebook computers

Expand RAMNICHard-disk cardsGPS (global positioning system)

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ComputersInside the Computer

Build Your Own PCAdvantages

Cheaper (for high-end systems)Meets your requirements

DisadvantagesNo warranty on systemNo help desk

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ComputersInside the Computer

Describing the Processor and Its Performance

Word or Bus Width – number of bits handled as a unit

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ComputersInside the Computer

Core Speed: GHz, MIPS, and FLOPSGigahertz (GHz) – billions of clock cycles per secondMegahertz (MHz) – millions of clock cycles per second

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ComputersInside the Computer

Core Speed: GHz, MIPS, and FLOPSMIPS – millions of instructions per secondFLOPS – floating point operations per second; used to measure speed of supercomputers

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ComputersInside the Computer

Bus SpeedMost processors operate at GHzMost buses operate at MHzMajor block to efficiency in a PC

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ComputersInside the Computer

Memory CapacityMB (megabyte) – approximately 1 million bytesGB (gigabyte) – approximately 1 billion bytesTB (terabyte) – approximately 1 trillion bytes

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ComputersInside the Computer

Memory CapacityKB (kilobytes) – approximately 1000 bytesKb (kilobit)Mb (megabit)

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ComputersInside the Computer

Processor DesignParallel processing – multiple processors in one computer systemMassively parallel processing (MPP) – parallel processing with thousands of processors

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ComputersInside the Computer

Processor DesignGrid Computing – users on the Internet share their unused computer power

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Computers Chapter 4 – Inside the Computer

Lesson Summary• Understand how data is stored and

represented in a computer

• Describe the functions and relationships between internal computer components

• Distinguish processors by word size, speed, and memory capability

• Identify new processor design approaches

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