3 LiteratureReview Summary

8/13/2019 3 LiteratureReview Summary

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Literature Survey,

Literature Comprehension, &

Literature Review


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review

Chapter 3.

Design


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review

Chapter 3.

Design

Chapter 4.

Development


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review

Chapter 3.

Design

Chapter 4.

Development

Chapter 5.

Evaluation


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review

Chapter 3.

Design

Chapter 4.

Development

Chapter 5.

Evaluation

Chapter 6.

Conclusions and

Future Work


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Thesis Structure

Consider these as logical chapters, that isto say they might represent a number ofphysical chapters or a single section

For example, Chapter 2, the LiteratureReviewchapter might consist of a chapteron Knowledge Management, a separatechapter on Knowledge Elicitation

Or for example, Chapter 5, the EvaluationChaptermight just exist as a section in theConclusions and Future Workchapter.


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Thesis Structure

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review

Chapter 3.

Design

Chapter 4.

Development

Chapter 5.

Evaluation

Chapter 6.

Conclusions and

Future Work


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Mirroring of Chapters

Chapter 1.

Introduction

Chapter 2.

Literature Review

Chapter 3.

Design

Chapter 4.

Development

Chapter 5.

Evaluation

Chapter 6.

Conclusions and

Future Work


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Mirroring of Chapters

All of the main points raised in the Introduction

chapter should be addressed in the Conclusions

chapter.

All of the main sections in the Research Method

(or Design) chapter should appear in the Data

Analysis (or Experiment) chapter.

All of the main sections in the Literature Review

chapter should be re-discussed in the DataFindings(or Reflections) chapter.


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Introduction to Literature


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Introduction

Finding out what is happening in your area ofresearch is a vital step along your journey to

discovery, to find and understand howleading researchers in your field havetackled similar problems and the results theyobtained, shortcomings they observed and

methodologies they employedare the goalsof the literature review process.


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Introduction

Additionally the literature reviews serves otherpurposes;

It shares the reader with other studies closely

related to your work It relates your work to the larger, ongoing dialogue in

the literature

It shows how your study is filling in gaps andextending prior studies.

It provides a framework for establishing theimportance of your study

It provides a benchmark for comparing the results ofyour study with other findings


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Introduction

...in other

words...


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Introduction

...the

literature

review...


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Introduction

...is really,

really

important.


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2D Analysis

The objective of this process is to systematicallyanalyse the existing research and classify it in oneof two dimensions.

The breadthof the review is concerned with setting thescene, in terms of describing the foundational research inthis particular domain, there will be research mentionedfrom each of the areas you have included in your spiderdiagram.

The depthof the research concerns itself with theparticular topic workthat your research will be built upon.There should be approximately the same number ofresearch papers covered in the depth and breath of theresearch review.


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Examples

Lets look at three examples

Knowledge Management

Information Technology

Assistive Technology


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2D Analysis

Breadth of ResearchD

epthof

Resear

ch


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2D Analysis

Breadth of Research


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Knowledge Management Example



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Knowledge ManagementWeb 2.0

Knowledge

Sharing

Agile

MethodsElicitation

Knowledge

Maps

Decision

Support


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Knowledge

Sharing

Agile

MethodsElicitation

Knowledge

Maps

Decision

Support

Breadth of Domain


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Knowledge

Sharing

Agile

MethodsElicitation

Knowledge

Maps

Decision

Support

Breadth of Domain

Indicate your awareness of the broader

field, and you know where your specific

topic fits into the domain


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Knowledge ManagementWiigProbst

DavenportNonaka

EpplerRuggles

PrusakBhatt

Gurteen


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2D Analysis

Breadth of ResearchD

epthof

Research


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We

b2.0


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We

b2.0

WiigProbst

DavenportNonaka

EpplerRuggles

PrusakBhatt

Gurteen


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We

b2.0

WiigProbst

DavenportNonaka

EpplerRuggles

PrusakBhatt

Gurteen

OReilly

McAfee

Miller

Eggers

Knorr

Grossman


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Web2.0


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Knowledge ManagementK

nowledgeSharing


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KnowledgeMap

s


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Elicitation


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AgileM

ethods


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DecisionSuppo

rt


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Web2.0

K

nowledgeSharing

AgileM

ethods

Elicitation

KnowledgeMap

s

DecisionSuppo

rt


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2D Analysis

Breadth of Research


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Information Technology Example



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Information TechnologyDatabases

Computer

ArchitectureNetworks

Assistive

Technology

Image

Synthesis

Agent

Development


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Computer


Assistive

Technology

Image

Synthesis

Agent

Development

Breadth of Domain


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Computer


Assistive

Technology

Image

Synthesis

Agent

Development

Breadth of Domain





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Information TechnologyTuringKnuth

von NeumannWirth

DijkstraHoare

MooreNaur

Boehm


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Data

bases


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Data

bases

Turing

Knuthvon Neumann

WirthDijkstra

HoareMoore

NaurBoehm


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Data

bases

Date

Codd

Gray

Boyce

Pipes

Epstein

Information TechnologyTuringKnuth

von NeumannWirth

DijkstraHoare

MooreNaur

Boehm


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Data

bases


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ImageS

ynthesis


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Netw

orks


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Information Technology A

gentDe

velopment


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Information TechnologyC

ompAr

chitecture


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AssistiveTech


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Databases

C

ompAr

chitecture

Netw

orks

AssistiveTech

ImageS

ynthesis

A

gentDe

velopment


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2D Analysis

Breadth of Research


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Assistive Technology Example



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Assistive TechnologyUniversal

DesignAccessibility Usability AACHardware MPT


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Breadth of Domain

Universal



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Breadth of Domain




Universal



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Assistive TechnologyCainSchaff

SchererLahm

RoseMeyer

SwannLee

Adlam


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Assistive TechnologyUniversalDesign


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UniversalDesign


SchererLahm

RoseMeyer

SwannLee

Adlam


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UniversalDesign


Mace

Story

Ostroff

Mueller

Dolan

Preiser


SchererLahm

RoseMeyer

SwannLee

Adlam


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Hard

ware


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Usa

bility


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MPT


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Acces

sibility


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AAC


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Acces

sibility

Usa

bility

AAC

Hard

ware

MPT


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The Literature Review

To made things clear, we divide the LiteratureReview into three parts:


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LiteratureSurvey


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Literature

Comprehension

LiteratureSurvey


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Literature

Review

Literature

Comprehension

LiteratureSurvey


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Literature

Review

Literature

Comprehension

LiteratureSurvey

Collecting

the literature


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Literature

Review

Literature

Comprehension

LiteratureSurvey

Collecting

the literature

Understanding

the literature


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Literature

Review

Literature

Comprehension

LiteratureSurvey

Collecting

the literature

Understanding

the literature

Reviewing

the literature


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The Literature Survey


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Literature Survey

The literature survey is the process of

identifying and acquiring the research

papers, textbooks, web-sites, theses, etc.

that you will require to get a comprehensiveoverview of the research that has been done

in the area that you are investigating.

A focused survey technique is recommended

to ensure you hit the ground running and

using this technique you are almost

immediately in a position to implement

experiments.


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Literature Survey

Recording the papers you have found andread is also of vital importance, andtechniques and software available for these

tasks are also covered in this section. If you know the exact domain of your

research it makes sense to initially focusyour search on papers that relate (almost)

exactly to your own research, rather thanspending a great deal of time reading everypaper under the sun that seems remotelyrelevant.


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Literature Survey

A vital step is to identify

KEYWORDS


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Literature Survey

e.g. you are doing research on

Communities of practice

What other keywords do we need to look

out for?


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Literature Survey

e.g. you are doing research on

Communities of practice

What other keywords do we need to look

out for? Network of practice

Virtual community

Virtual Ethnography

Virtual team

Community-driven knowledge management


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Literature Survey

You need to get anotebook that you carrywith you, and list all thekeywords in there.

Use that to record ideasyou have about yourresearch.

Use it to record detailsof meetings with yoursupervisor.

Insert any usefulnewspaper articles,pictures, etc. that help.


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Literature Survey

Using these keywords, go to the libraryand go online and look for journalpapers, books, conference papers, etc.that are relevant.

Just using Googleis insufficient, youneed to search in the real world as well.


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Literature Survey

What does peer-reviewed mean? When you submit a research paper, a number of

people will read the paper and give

feedback/corrections on it. The people who review it will be as expert as you are

in the field of research (and as such are your peers).

Some conferences only get one person to review apaper, others get two, others morethe more people

that review conference papers, the more prestigiousthe conference is, since the papers in it are bound tobe of very quality.

Journal papers are normally reviewed by severalpeople, and are considered very credible.


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Good Sources ?

Journal Papers

Conference Papers

Textbooks Other Books

Company Whitepapers

Company Websites Blogs

Wikis


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Literature Survey

What are some good journals?


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Who are ACM ?

The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM,is a learned society for computing. It was founded in1947 as the world's first scientific and educationalcomputing society. Its membership is more than92,000 as of 2009. ACM is organized into over 170local chapters and 35 Special Interest Groups(SIGs), through which it conducts most of itsactivities. Many of the SIGs, like SIGGRAPH,SIGPLAN, SIGCSE and SIGCOMM, sponsorregular conferences which have become famous asthe dominant venue for presenting new innovationsin certain fields. The groups also publish a largenumber of specialized journals, magazines, and

newsletters.


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ACM SIGs

SIGACCESS - Accessible Computing

SIGACT - Algorithms and Computation Theory

SIGAda - Ada Programming Language

SIGAPP - Applied Computing

SIGARCH - Computer Architecture

SIGART - Artificial Intelligence

SIGBED - Embedded Systems

SIGCAS - Computers and Society SIGCHI - Computer-Human Interaction

SIGCOMM - Data Communication

SIGCSE - Computer Science Education

SIGDA - Design Automation

SIGDOC - Design of Communication

SIGecom - Electronic Commerce

SIGEVO - Genetic and Evolutionary Computation

SIGGRAPH - Computer Graphics and Interactive

Techniques SIGIR - Information Retrieval

SIGITE - Information Technology Education

SIGKDD - Knowledge Discovery in Data

SIGMETRICS - Measurement and Evaluation

SIGMICRO - Microarchitecture

SIGMIS - Management Information Systems

SIGMM - Multimedia

SIGMOBILE - Mobility of Systems, Users,

Data and Computing SIGMOD - Management of Data

SIGOPS - Operating Systems

SIGPLAN - Programming Languages

SIGSAC - Security, Audit and Control

SIGSAM - Symbolic and AlgebraicManipulation

SIGSIM - Simulation and Modeling

SIGSOFT - Software Engineering

SIGSPATIAL - SIGSPATIAL SIGUCCS - University and College

Computing Services

SIGWEB - Hypertext, Hypermedia and Web


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Who else ?

Another significant group are IEEE

(Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers) called eye-triple-e is a

professional organization for the

advancement of technology, it also

publishes a number journals,

including IEEE Transactions on Knowledgeand Data Engineering


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IEEE Transactions

IEEE Computational intelligence and AI

IEEE Transactions on Computers

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

IEEE Transactions on Services Computing IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing

IEEE Transactions on Haptics

IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine

IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

IEEE Transactions on Multimedia

IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience

IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking


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Literature Survey

And any good research sites ?


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Google Scholar


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http://arxiv.org/archive/cs

WebLens


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WebLens

http://www.weblens.org/scholar.html


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INFOMINE


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DBLP


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Gartner


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Literature Survey

Searching the Web


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Literature Survey

But remember:

If you just search for Community of

practice you will miss out on:

Network of practice

Virtual community

Virtual Ethnography

Virtual team

Community-driven knowledge

management

acronymssingle-concept

principlepseudo-synonyms,

or false synonymsantonymshyponyms


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synonymspolysemy

neologisms

monosemyabbreviations

quasi-synonyms,

or near-synonyms

phraseologism

hypernyms

collocationCross-

references

PROBLEMS WITH USING

A SEARCH ENGINE AS

THE SOLE SOURCE OF

INFORMATION

tautonyms


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Finding Research online

Effective Searching Let us consider searching for information

relating to 'Project-Based Learning'

The Hyphen

The first thing to note is the hyphen betweenthe words 'Project' and 'Based', will every

web-page relating to this subject have thehyphen in it, or will some just leave it out. Ifyou just leave it out the search engines willfind the phrase with or without the hyphen.


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So the first search to try is "Project Based Learning"

if this returns 10,000 links then try "Project Based Learning" "PhD Thesis"

"Project Based Learning" "Masters Thesis

Project Based Learning Masters ThesisDeclaration

this may return PhD or Masters thesis on the

subject you require information on.


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To find other 'good' pages relating toyour subject matter, try "Project Based Learning Link*"

for "PBL Links" or "PBL Link Page"

"Project Based Learning Portal*" for "PBL Portal" or "PBL Portal Page"

"Project Based Learning Webring*" for "PBL Webring" or "PBL Webrings"

"Project Based Learning FAQ*" for "PBL FAQ"or "PBL FAQs" or "PBL FAQL"or "PBL

FAQLs"


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If you are looking for papers relating to "ProjectBased Learning", try "Project Based Learning" Bibliography

"Project Based Learning" Literature Review

"Project Based Learning" Literature Survey

"Project Based Learning" Overview

"Project Based Learning" A Roadmap

Unlike the previous section where we were looking for 'good'pages and put the entire phrase in double quotes, in thissection we are only putting the subject matter we areinvestigating in quotes and the rest of the terms are free text, inthis way we can find pages which may not be titled, forexample, "Project Based Learning Bibliography", but may be abibliography which contain references to Project Based

Learning.


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If you are looking for a more specific topic, forexample, "The Impact of the Web on Project Based

Learning", try

"Impact of the Web on Project Based Learning" (unlikely)

"Project Based Learning" overview web "Project Based Learning" survey web

"Project Based Learning" review web

"Project Based Learning" assessment web


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Also consider web-sites which will be using theacronym for "Project Based Learning"

so try

"PBL"

"P.B.L." Consider the acronym for "Virtual Learning

Environments", it could be "VLE"or "VLEs"or"V.L.E."or "V.L.E.s"or "V.L.Es", so try

"VLE*" "V.L.E*"


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Literature Survey

Here is a good tip:


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Literature Survey

Find an up-to -date thesis that is

closely related to your research

quest ion(your supervisor should be

able to help you with this, if not, searchthe web) and use this as a launch padto your research This is a very useful

starting point since it will give you animmediate overview of your researchfield.

Some Considerations When Using A


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Thesis As A Starting Point

Regional Variations: Different countries, different regions and even

different universities have differing standards for their dissertations,

so, whilst the dissertation is a useful starting point, it can only be

considered as such, and is not a template for your own work.

Correspondence of Research: The dissertation that you are using

should have a significant overlap with your own research, but there

are bound to be differences, therefore, your own literature review will

be very different to the one you have found, since yours is aimed at

highlighting the gap that you wish to address.

Quality of Research: The quality of the dissertation is something you will

need to consider, how comprehensive is this persons work ? Have

they missed any important papers or major blocks of research ?


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Literature Survey

Bibliography Software:

Z tFree


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ZoteroFree


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BibT XFree


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BibTeX

P bli hFree


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Pybliographer

Bibli


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Biblioscape

E dN t


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EndNote

M d l


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Mendeley

Qi


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Qiqqa

R f M


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Reference Manager

Lit t S


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Literature Survey

When have you found enough papers?

Lit t S


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Literature Survey

When have you found enough papers?

There is no hard-and-fast rule, but my ownsuggestion is about 50 papersyou donthave to review them yet, just have themprinted out in a pile.


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Literature Comprehension

Lit t C h i


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The literature comprehension is the

process of reading and understanding

the research found in the surveyprocess.



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Youve found 50 papers, now what are

you going to do with them ?



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Youve found 50 papers, now what are

you going to do with them ?

The first thing to do is to divide them

into piles based on sub-topics within

your research, so some papers mightbe about the overall themes and others

might be about specific issues.



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Now start to read them, I suggest ten

sittings, reading five papers in each

sitting.



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You will be freaked out after reading

the first five papers, you will be deluged

with new terminology, models andapproaches.

The important thing is to hang in there,

dont get overwhelmed by it all, just

read them, and make a note of all new

terms, models and approaches



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in your

notebook



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Dont get overwhelmed by it all, the

more papers you read, the less new

terms you will be encountering, the

more of an expert you will become.

You are also adding to your keyword

search list.



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The first ten papers are the worst, once

you are over that hurdle, you will find

the rest much easier.

Also in your notebook write down any

nice phrases used in the papers, any

interesting approaches to the

experiments and any nice display of

results.



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Also dont be afraid to ask for help

from your supervisor or other people.

The process of reading and trying tounderstand complex research can

sometimes be a discouraging one, but

a systematic approach to tackling this

is best.



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Part of the process might be that you

have to do a simple replica of an

experiment described in the research to

fully understand it.

Thats alright, because with all the

simulation and prototyping software

now available, thats not as hard as it

used to be.



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Active Reading:

It is very important to read new research in an activemanner, you shouldnt just skim read the material,but understand what you are reading, as you are

reading it. It may be necessary to re-read a sentence, one

phrase at a time, or one word at a time until themeaning is evident.

It may be the case that you will have to consult somereference source to confirm the meaning ofterminology, this being the case, it is only logical tokeep reference material close to hand (textbooks,the internet, dictionaries, etc.)



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To help you in this process, Ive created achecksheet with some friends that havequestions you should consider after readinga paper:

http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/CheckSheets/ScienceArticleCheckSheet.doc

http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/CheckSheets/ScienceArticleCheckSheet.dochttp://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/CheckSheets/ScienceArticleCheckSheet.doc


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Literature Comprehension THE QUESTIONS ARE:

What type of article is it?

What is the main issue/problem being discussed?

Skim read what could your dissertation gain by including thisarticle?

What is the articles contribution to knowledge?

How can this information be integrated into your review?

Compare and contrast to similar articles for or against/ or an

extension of the literature?

Are there recommendations for further research?

Where is the article placed in your field? Famous author?

Is the article well written, interesting and easy to read?

Is there a clear research question can it be tested?

What methods are used to carry out research

Is the design appropriate for testing the stated hypothesis?

What are the limitations of the design/research methods?

Are there aspects of the design that could be applied to your work?

Are the results well displayed and clear?

Are the results in keeping with the design?

Are the implications of the study clear?

Have the results been appropriately discussed?

Literature Review


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Literature Review

Research

Question

ExperimentResults



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A typical research paper (from a conference orjournal) consists of the following parts; Title,

Abstract,

Introduction, Methodology,

Results and

Bibliography.



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Literature Map

You are going to have to put some structure on theliterature, one suggestion is to create a literaturemap.

Write the title of your research on top, and the maintopics relevant to your research underneath, nowassociate the papers you are reading with each ofthe topics.

Literature Map


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Literature Map

Literature Map


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Literature Map


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Literature Review

Literature Review


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Literature Review

The literature review is the process of

consolidating the various strands of

past research into a single narrative

describing the evolution of the research

domain.

Literature Review


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Literature Review

There are checklists provided to assist

you in this task, one that deals with the

evaluation of a research paper we ave

already seen, and the other which

deals with questions to reflect upon

regarding the overall structure of the

literature review chapter in adissertation.

Literature Review


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Literature Review

Literature Review Chapter

http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/CheckSheets/LitReviewCheckSheet.doc

Literature Review
http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/CheckSheets/LitReviewCheckSheet.dochttp://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/CheckSheets/LitReviewCheckSheet.doc


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Literature Review The questions of this checksheet are:

Has the student laid the foundations for his/her workwhy it is important that

they pursue their topic?

Have they been able to show a gap in the literature (more important for PhDs but

still a good idea)?

Is the nature/type of the research clear?

Is the work well written, interesting and easy to read?

Does the literature review read like a list of studies or does it build their

point/arguments.

Is the work simply a repeat or cut and paste of others work?

Are key researchers and important works included?

Examples of other good literature surveys?

Have they set out orthogonal issues?

Has research been examined for both content and methods?

Have studies been compared and contrasted? Has the literature been extended?

Has the student been critical in all areas of the research (design) and not just

examined the results?

Is it a students literature review aimed at supporting their research, ratherthan just being a review of the literature?

Is each section important? Do they explain how that topic contributes to building a

cohesive argument/point

Has the work explored what methods are used to carry out research in other studies?

Are the limitations of the design/research methods discussed?

Are there recommendations for further research?

Literature Review


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Literature Review

The underlying (or hidden) theme of the

narrative is to show that there is a gap

in the existing research and how your

work will address this problem.

Literature Review


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Literature Review

The review itself is the final piece of thepuzzle, it is a matter of tying together all theprevious research that you have found and

reviewed, and producing an artifact that isnot just all those reviews put together, but acoherent and cohesive narrative of theresearch to date, and a narrative that pointsto a gap in the research that your workintends to fill. It also contextualises the workin the broader research scope.

Literature Review


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Literature Review

The first step in this process is to considereach article that you have reviewed, is itsignificant enough to go into the review ?

How do you evaluate that ? The answer is simple ; does it help build

towards the gap in the research you areidentifying ? or to put it another way, could

you take this article out and it wouldnt makeany difference ?

Literature Review


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Literature Review

The articles should group together intoresearch trends so you should list thearticles by this grouping and see which ones

are important. Your literature map will help with identifying

the key themes.

The review does not have to be in

chronological order, but rather in the orderthe most clearly shows the trends in thisfield.

Literature Review


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Literature Review

Remember that writing is not necessarily a linear

process, write what sections you know about, when

you know about them.

As with all of the writing that you will be doing foryou dissertation, there will be many drafts of the

literature review chapter, so it is best to write far too

much first and then you can cut down, therefore you

should include many of the questions for each

article in the first draft of your work and chip awayat it a piece at a time.

Literature Review


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I recommend a 5 by 5

approach.

Read five papers, and

the accompanyingchecksheets, now write

five lines about each

paper (note: not five

sentences, five lines of

font size 12 text).

Do this ten times.

Five

by

five

Literature Review


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The research should be seen as the zenithof the cumulative process of the scientificresearch that has already been done.

Then the process becomes a matter ofmaking these disparate stories into onesingle narrative, with one theme : there issomething missing in the research to date

that you are going to address.

Literature Review


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The structure of the literature review

will be the same as that of any

document, it has a

beginning,

middle and

end.

Literature Review


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The beginning or introductionwill

introduce the main research topics and

provide definitionsfor key concepts

that are important to your research

definitions that support your approach

taken in the research.

Literature Review


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The end or conclusionwill be that

there has been a great deal of work

done in this area, but there is a gap in

the work that your research will

address.

Literature Review


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The middle partof the literature review, canbe presented in a number of ways,depending on your personal preferences,the main research trends must be

discussed, key researchers must beidentified, and the work must spiral from itsresearch beginnings towards the researchgap that you are going to fill.

Literature Review


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The general research topics you discussmust lead logically to the specific researchthat you are undertaking.

So if we go back to the T-Shaped structure:

2D Analysis


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y

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2D Analysis


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Finding

youreye of

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It may be the case that the trends in theresearch in your domain fall into twoopposing camps, the for-and-against type

paradigm, This being the case, whicheverside your work is on, make sure that youpresent the merits of each side, this givesyour readers a balanced view of the domain,and gives them the impression of aresearcher who can take a sophisticatedperspective on matters.

Literature Review


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Lets look at a simple example:

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TEXT: Although little research has been done on the influence of movies on the publicperception of hacking, researchers have investigated other topics in computer science,for example, Bartneck (2004) looks at how movies represent robots and robotics and in

particular how these movies help contribute to the generalpublicsbehaviours to real-liferobots. Similarly Schmitz et al. (2008) look at models of computer interfaces presented inmovies, and considers the viability of such interfaces in real-life. Also, Fisher (2001) looksat how artificial intelligence has been represented in the movies and how this may impact

on the public perception of artificial intelligences. In general the public perception ofcomputer science is strongly influenced by movie representations.

REFERENCES:

Bartneck, C. (2004). From Fiction to Science - A Cultural Reflection on Social Robots" inproceedings of the CHI2004 Workshop on Shaping Human-Robot Interaction, Vienna.

Fisher, R. (2001) AI and Cinema - Does Artificial Insanity Rule?, Twelfth IrishConference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, National University of Ireland

(NUI), Maynooth, Ireland. Schmitz, M., Endres, C., Butz, A. (2008) "A Survey of Human-Computer Interaction

Design in Science Fiction Movies", Second International Conference on IntelligentTechnologies for Interactive Entertainment (ICST INTETAIN 08). January 8-10, 2008,Cancun, Mexico.

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TEXT: Although little research has been done on the influence of movies on the publicperception of hacking, researchers have investigated other topics in computer science,for example, Bartneck (2004) looks at how movies represent robots and robotics and in



REFERENCES:





Citations

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TEXT: Although little research has been done the influence of movies on the publicperception of hacking, researchers have investigated other topics in computer science,for example, Bartneck (2004) looks at how movies represent robots and robotics and in



REFERENCES:





Citations

References

How to cite


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The correct way to cite one author is (Smith, 2005)

two authors is (Smith and Jones, 2005)

multiple authors is (Smith et al., 2005)

Please note:

Since et al. is an abbreviation of the

phrase et alia the full stop is necessary.Additionally as it is a foreign phrase it must

always be in italics.

How to cite


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Allow me to repeat that last bit, since no oneseems to do it correctly:

Please note:

Since et al. is an abbreviation of the

phrase et alia the full stop is necessary.

Additionally as it is a foreign phrase it must

always be in italics.


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