judul
POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1.
Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer 3. Kurva DistribusiD. Sistem
Klasifikasi Tanah.A. Umum1. WHY DO WE NEED TO CLASSIFY SOILS
??????? To describe various soil types encountered in the nature in
a systematic way and gathering soils that have distinct physical
properties in groups and units.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF A SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM: a- Based
on a scientific method b- Simple c- Permit classification by visual
and manual tests. d- Describe certain engineering properties e-
Should be accepted to all engineers.KLASIFIKASI TANAHPOKOK
BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3. Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.VARIOUS SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
a- Geologic Soil Classification System b- Agronomic Soil
Classification System c- Textural Soil Classification System (USDA)
d- American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials
System (AASHTO) e- Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) f-
American Society for Testing and Materials System (ASTM) g- Federal
Aviation Agency System (FAA)A. Umum (lanjutan) POKOK
BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3. Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.Klasifikasi Tanah : mengelompokkan tanah yang berbeda-beda
tapi mempunyai sifat serupa kedalam group-group dan sub group.
Tujuannya : untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum mengenai perilaku
suatu tanah.
Dasar Klasifikasi Tanah : Plastisitas tanah. Ukuran butiran.
B. Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi
Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3. Kurva
Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah.C. Jenis TestJenis test
untuk mendapatkan ukuran Butiran :1. Analisa / Test Ayakan (Gambar
3.1).2. Analisa / Test Hydrometer (Gambar 3.2)
Analisa ayakan :1. Ayakan yang dipakai : ayakan US-Standard.2.
Dasar : ukuran lubang ayakan.
Analisa hydrometer 1. Menggunakan alat hydrometer 2. Dasar :
prinsip sedimentasi dari butiran tanah didalam air
8POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1.
Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3. Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem
Klasifikasi Tanah.Gambar 3.1. Ayakan US-Standard
7
POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1.
Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hydrometer 3. Kurva DistribusiD. Sistem
Klasifikasi Tanah.2. Analisa HydrometerFaktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kecepatan mengendap : bentuk, ukuran, dan berat
butiran tanah.
Gambar 3.2b Gelas ukurGambar 3.2a Alat Hydrometer POKOK
BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer 3. Kurva DistribusiD. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.
Gambar 3.2c Sketsa alat Hydrometer dan alat Hydrometer didalam
gelas ukur yang berisi tanah yang sudah dicampur dengan cairan
standard.Gambar 3.2d Percobaan Hydrometer di laboratorium Mekanika
Tanah ITS.POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1.
Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem
Klasifikasi Tanah.Hasil analisa ayakan dan analisa Hydrometer
digambarkan dalam kertas semi-log (Gambar 3.3);b. Kurva hasil test
diberikan dalam Gambar 3.4c. Kurva pada Gambar 3.4 dinamakan: KURVA
DISTRIBUSI UKURAN BUTIRAN (GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION)3. Kurva
distribusi ukuran butiran (grain size distribution)
Gambar 3.3 Kertas semi-log untuk menggambar hasil analisa ayakan
dan hydrometer
Gambar 3.4 Kurva distribusi ukuran butiran (Grain size
distribution)POKOK BAHASAN
D30 : Diameter butiran dimana 30% dari total butiran lolos /
lebih kecil dari diameter tersebut.D60 : Diameter butiran dimana
60% dari total butiran lolos / lebih kecil dari diameter
tersebut.d. Tiga parameter dapat ditentukan dari kurva grain size
distribution (lihat Gambar 3.5): - UKURAN EFEKTIF (EFFECTIVE SIZE)
D10 : Diameter butiran dimana 10% dari total butiran lolos / lebih
kecil dari diameter tersebut.- KOEFISIEN KESERAGAMAN (UNIFORMITY
COEF.) = Cu- KOEFISIEN GRADASI (GRADATION COEF.) = Cc
Umum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.3. Kurva distribusi ukuran butiran (lanjutan)
D10
D30
D60
Gambar 3.5 Cara menentukan D10,, D 30 , D 60POKOK
BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.e. Bentuk Kurva dapat dikelompokkan dalam 3 group (lihat
Gambar 3.6):
- GAP GRADED :Tanah dimana 1 atau lebih ukuran butir tidak
ada.
- WELL GRADED :Tanah dimana ukuran butirannya terbagi merata
dalam suatu batasan yang luas (hampir semua ukuran butir ada).
- UNIFORM GRADED :Tanah yang ukuran butirannya hampir sama.3.
Kurva distribusi ukuran butiran (lanjutan)
Gambar 3.6a. Bentuk kurva hasil test Ayakan dan test
HydrometerGrading curves
WWell graded
20Grading curves
WWell gradedUUniform
21Grading curves
WWell gradedUUniformPPoorly graded
22Grading curves
WWell gradedUUniformPPoorly gradedCWell graded with some
clay23Grading curves
WWell graded UUniformPPoorly gradedCWell graded with some
clayFWell graded with an excess of fines24POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan
Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa
Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah.
Gambar 3.6b. Sketsa tekstur tanah yang butirannya well-graded
dan gap-gradedPOKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis
Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D.
Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah.D. Sistem Klasifikasi TanahSistem
klasifikasi yang di pakai :
USCS( Unified Soil Classification System) Gambar 3.7 & Tabel
3.1AASHTO ( American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials) Gambar 3.9 & Tabel 3.2.Persamaan USCS
& AASHTO
1. Klasifikasi tanah dengan sistim USCS dan AASHTO menggunakan
dasar yang sama yaitu: - ukuran butir, dan - plastisitas tanah2.
USCS dan AASHTO memisahkan tanah kedalam 2 kategori : - tanah
berbutir kasar ( coarse grained) - tanah berbutir halus ( fine
grained)POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1.
Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem
Klasifikasi Tanah.PERBEDAAN USCS & AASHTOURAIAN
PERBEDAANUSCSAASHTO1. Tanah dikatakan berbutir kasar bilaLolos
ayakan no 200 50%Lolos ayakan no 200 35%2. Ayakan yang dipakai
untuk memisahkan pasir dan kerikilAyakan no 4Ayakan no 103.
Perbedaan tanah-2 yang gravelly, sandy, silty, dan clayey
soilDibedakan secara jelasTidak dibedakan4. Klasifikasi untuk tanah
organikOL, OH, PtTidak diberikan5. Arti dari simbol tanahLihat
penjelasanTidak adaD. Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah (Lanjutan)POKOK
BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.Penjelasan 2 simbol huruf pada USCS
1.Huruf PERTAMA menggambarkan komponen utama dari tanah,
yaitu:
a. Tanah berbutir kasar: G = Gravel / Kerikil S = Sand / Pasir
b. Tanah berbutir halus M = Silt / Lanau C = Clay/ Lempung c. Tanah
organik O = Organik Pt = Peat .Huruf KEDUA menggambarkan keadaan
tanah: a. Bergradasi baik / well graded (W) b. Bergradasi jelek /
poorly graded (P) c. Tercampur lanau / kelanauan / silty (M) d.
Tercampur lempung / kelempungan / clayey (C) e. Mempunyai
plastisitas rendah / low plasticity (L) f. Mempunyai plastisitas
tinggi / high plasticity (H)POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi
Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva
Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah.Run sieve analysis< 50%
pass #200> 50% of coarse fraction retained on #4Gravel< 50%
of coarse fraction retained on #4Sand> 50% pass #200Use
plasticity chart (Fig. 3.8)Silt, organic,or clayGambar 3.7a. Sistem
Klasifikasi USCSSISTIM KLASIFIKASI TANAH USCSPOKOK
BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.G> 12 % pass #200GCGMGC-GMUse gradation curve and
plasticity chart to designate (Gb.3.8) 12 % pass #200SCSMSC-SMUse
gradation curve and plasticity chart to designate0.75LL and PI plot
below A-lineLL and PI plot in shaded areaLL and PI plot above
A-lineMLCL-MLCLLLR 50%LLR0.75LL and PI plot below A-lineLL and PI
plot above A-lineMHCHPOKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan Klasifikasi
Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva
Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah.POKOK BAHASANUmum.Tujuan
Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan 2.Analisa
Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah.Gambar
3.8. Plasicity Chart Persamaan garis A : PI = 0.73 (LL 20)
Tabel 3.1c. USCS ( Silt or Clay, Peat)POKOK BAHASANBAB
IIIKLASIFIKASI TANAHMata kuliah MEKANIKA TANAH (PS-1335)Prof.
Ir.Noor Endah Msc. Ph.D.
Umum.Tujuan Klasifikasi Tanah.Jenis Test. 1. Analisa Ayakan
2.Analisa Hidrometer3.Kurva Distribusi D. Sistem Klasifikasi
Tanah.2. SISTIM KLASIFIKASI TANAH AASHTO51%Pass #40 4 and 1 < Cc
< 3 and fines classify as ML or MHGW - GMWell graded gravel with
siltCu< 4 and 1 >Cc > 3 and fines classify as CL or CHGP -
GCPoorly graded gravel with clayCu< 4 and 1 >Cc > 3 and
fines classify as ML or MHGP - GMPoorly graded gravel with siltMore
than 12%Fines classify as CL or CH ( LL and PL above
A-line)GCClayey gravelFines classify as ML or MH ( LL and PL below
A-line)GMSilty gravelFines classify as CL - ML ( LL and PL in
shaded area)GC - GMSilty, clayey gravelSandRun sieve analyasis and
if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then the soil is coarse. If
less than 50% of the coarse material is retained on the #4 sieve,
then the soil is sand% passing #200 sieveUnified Soil
Classification CriteriaGroup SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%Cu> 6
and 1 < Cc < 3SWWell graded sandCu< 6 and 1 >Cc >
3SPPoorly graded sandBetween 5 % & 12%Cu> 6 and 1 < Cc
< 3 and fines classify as CL or CHSW - SCWell graded sand with
clayCu> 6 and 1 < Cc < 3 and fines classify as ML or MHSW
- SMWell graded sand with siltCu< 6 and 1 >Cc > 3 and
fines classify as CL or CHSP - SCPoorly graded sand with clayCu<
6 and 1 >Cc > 3 and fines classify as ML or MHSP - SMPoorly
graded sand with siltMore than 12%Fines classify as CL or CH ( LL
and PL above A-line)SCClayey sandFines classify as ML or MH ( LL
and PL below A-line)SMSilty sandFines classify as CL - ML ( LL and
PL in shaded area)SC - SMSilty, clayey sandSandRun sieve analyasis
and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then the soil is
fine.Run liquid limit and plastic limit tests on materials passing
#40 sieve. Note that ASTM requires that the liquid limit be
determined using oven dried and undried samplesLiquid LimitUnified
Soil Classification CriteriaGroup SymbolGroup NameLess than 50%LLR
< 0.75OLOrganic silt or clayLLR > 0.75 and PI < 4 or plots
below A-line in Fig.MLInorganic siltLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 or
plots above A-line in Fig.CLLean clayLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7
and LL and PI in shaded area of Fig.CL-MLSilty clayMore than 50%LLR
< 0.75OHOrganic silt or clayLLR > 0.75 and PI plots below
A-line in Fig.MHElastic siltLLR > 0.75 and PI plots on or above
A-line in Fig.CHFat clay
MBD00037570.unknown
MBD00037571.unknown
MBD000323C0.unknown
MBD000341CD.unknown
ucsUnified Classification SystemMajor divisionsGroupTypical
namesClassification CriteriaSymbolsGravels50% or more of coarse
fraction retained on No. 4 sieveClean GravelsGWWell-graded gravels
ang gravel-sand mixtures, little or no finesClassification on basis
of percentage of finesGW,GP,SW.SPGM,GC,SM,SCBorderline
classification requiring use of dual symbolsGreater than 4Between 1
and 3GPPoorly graded gravels and gravel sand mixtures, little or no
finesNot meeting both criteria for GWGravels with FinesGMSilty
gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixturesAtteberg limits plot below "A"
line or plasticity index less than 4Atteberg limits plotting in
hatched area are borderline classification requiring use of dual
symbolsLess than 5% pass No. 200 sieveMore than 12% pass No. 200
sieve5% to 12% pass No. 200 sieveGCClayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay
mixturesAtteberg limits plot below "A" line and plasticity index
greater than 7SandsMore than 50% of coarse fraction passes on No. 4
sieveClean SandsSWWell-graded sands and gravelly sands, little or
no finesGreater than 6Between 1 and 3SPPoorly graded sands and
gravelly sands, little or no finesNot meeting both criteria for
SWSands with finesSMSilty sand, sand-silt mixturesAtteberg limits
plot below "A" line or plasticity index less than 4Atteberg limits
plotting in hatched area are borderline classification requiring
use of dual symbolsSCClayey sands,sand-clay mixturesAtteberg limits
plot below "A" line and plasticity index greater than 7Silts and
ClaysLiquid Limit 50% or lessMLInorganic silts, very fine sands,
rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands200CLInorganic clays of low
to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays,
lean clays1005807307OLOrganic silts and organic silty clays of low
plasticity042544500Silts and ClaysLiquid Limit greater than
50%MHInorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sand or silts,
elastic silts5060CHInorganic clays of high plasticity,fat
claysOHOrganic clays of medium to high plasticityHighly Organic
SoilsPTPeat, muck and other highly organic soilsVisual - manual
identification, see ASTM Designation D2488
ucs00000000
Liquid LimitPlasticity IndexPlasticity chart
aashtoGeneral ClassificationGranular materialsSilt-clay
materials(35% or less of total sample passing No.200)( more than
35% passing No.200 )Group
classificationA-1A-3A-2A-4A-5A-6A-7A-1-aA-1-bA-2-4A-2-5A-2-6A-2-7A-7-5A-7-6Sieve
Analysis(percentage passing)No. 1050 max.51 min.No. 4030 max.50
max.51 min.No. 20015 max.25 max10 max.35 max35 max35 max35 max36
min36 min36 min36 minCharacteristic of fraction passing No.40
MHOHML &OHCL &CH &CL-MLA lineFor classification of
fine grained soils and fine fraction of coarse grained
soils.Atteberg limits plotting in hatched area are borderline
classification requiring use of dual symbolsEquation of A line : PI
= 0.73 (LL-20)
Sheet3GravelRun sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the
#200 sieve, then the soil is coarse. If more than 50% of the coarse
material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil is gravel.%
passing #200 sieveUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%GWWell graded gravelGPPoorly graded
gravelBetween 5 % & 12%GW - GCWell graded gravel with clayGW -
GMWell graded gravel with siltGP - GCPoorly graded gravel with
clayGP - GMPoorly graded gravel with siltMore than 12%Fines
classify as CL or CH ( LL and PL above A-line)GCClayey gravelFines
classify as ML or MH ( LL and PL below A-line)GMSilty gravelFines
classify as CL - ML ( LL and PL in shaded area)GC - GMSilty, clayey
gravelSandRun sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200
sieve, then the soil is coarse. If less than 50% of the coarse
material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil is sand%
passing #200 sieveUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%SWWell graded sandSPPoorly graded
sandBetween 5 % & 12%SW - SCWell graded sand with claySW -
SMWell graded sand with siltSP - SCPoorly graded sand with claySP -
SMPoorly graded sand with siltMore than 12%Fines classify as CL or
CH ( LL and PL above A-line)SCClayey sandFines classify as ML or MH
( LL and PL below A-line)SMSilty sandFines classify as CL - ML ( LL
and PL in shaded area)SC - SMSilty, clayey sandSandRun sieve
analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then the soil
is fine.Run liquid limit and plastic limit tests on materials
passing #40 sieve. Note that ASTM requires that the liquid limit be
determined using oven dried and undried samplesLiquid LimitUnified
Soil Classification CriteriaGroup SymbolGroup NameLess than 50%LLR
< 0.75OLOrganic silt or clayLLR > 0.75 and PI < 4 or plots
below A-line in Fig.MLInorganic siltLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 or
plots above A-line in Fig.CLLean clayLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7
and LL and PI in shaded area of Fig.CL-MLSilty clayMore than 50%LLR
< 0.75OHOrganic silt or clayLLR > 0.75 and PI plots below
A-line in Fig.MHElastic siltLLR > 0.75 and PI plots on or above
A-line in Fig.CHFat clay
MBD00037570.unknown
MBD00037571.unknown
MBD000323C0.unknown
MBD000341CD.unknown
ucsUnified Classification SystemMajor divisionsGroupTypical
namesClassification CriteriaSymbolsGravels50% or more of coarse
fraction retained on No. 4 sieveClean GravelsGWWell-graded gravels
ang gravel-sand mixtures, little or no finesClassification on basis
of percentage of finesGW,GP,SW.SPGM,GC,SM,SCBorderline
classification requiring use of dual symbolsGreater than 4Between 1
and 3GPPoorly graded gravels and gravel sand mixtures, little or no
finesNot meeting both criteria for GWGravels with FinesGMSilty
gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixturesAtteberg limits plot below "A"
line or plasticity index less than 4Atteberg limits plotting in
hatched area are borderline classification requiring use of dual
symbolsLess than 5% pass No. 200 sieveMore than 12% pass No. 200
sieve5% to 12% pass No. 200 sieveGCClayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay
mixturesAtteberg limits plot below "A" line and plasticity index
greater than 7SandsMore than 50% of coarse fraction passes on No. 4
sieveClean SandsSWWell-graded sands and gravelly sands, little or
no finesGreater than 6Between 1 and 3SPPoorly graded sands and
gravelly sands, little or no finesNot meeting both criteria for
SWSands with finesSMSilty sand, sand-silt mixturesAtteberg limits
plot below "A" line or plasticity index less than 4Atteberg limits
plotting in hatched area are borderline classification requiring
use of dual symbolsSCClayey sands,sand-clay mixturesAtteberg limits
plot below "A" line and plasticity index greater than 7Silts and
ClaysLiquid Limit 50% or lessMLInorganic silts, very fine sands,
rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands200CLInorganic clays of low
to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays,
lean clays1005807307OLOrganic silts and organic silty clays of low
plasticity042544500Silts and ClaysLiquid Limit greater than
50%MHInorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sand or silts,
elastic silts5060CHInorganic clays of high plasticity,fat
claysOHOrganic clays of medium to high plasticityHighly Organic
SoilsPTPeat, muck and other highly organic soilsVisual - manual
identification, see ASTM Designation D2488
ucs00000000
Liquid LimitPlasticity IndexPlasticity chart
aashtoGeneral ClassificationGranular materialsSilt-clay
materials(35% or less of total sample passing No.200)( more than
35% passing No.200 )Group
classificationA-1A-3A-2A-4A-5A-6A-7A-1-aA-1-bA-2-4A-2-5A-2-6A-2-7A-7-5A-7-6Sieve
Analysis(percentage passing)No. 1050 max.51 min.No. 4030 max.50
max.51 min.No. 20015 max.25 max10 max.35 max35 max35 max35 max36
min36 min36 min36 minCharacteristic of fraction passing No.40
MHOHML &OHCL &CH &CL-MLA lineFor classification of
fine grained soils and fine fraction of coarse grained
soils.Atteberg limits plotting in hatched area are borderline
classification requiring use of dual symbolsEquation of A line : PI
= 0.73 (LL-20)
Sheet3GravelRun sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the
#200 sieve, then the soil is coarse. If more than 50% of the coarse
material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil is gravel.%
passing #200 sieveUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%GWWell graded gravelGPPoorly graded
gravelBetween 5 % & 12%GW - GCWell graded gravel with clayGW -
GMWell graded gravel with siltGP - GCPoorly graded gravel with
clayGP - GMPoorly graded gravel with siltMore than 12%Fines
classify as CL or CH ( LL and PL above A-line)GCClayey gravelFines
classify as ML or MH ( LL and PL below A-line)GMSilty gravelFines
classify as CL - ML ( LL and PL in shaded area)GC - GMSilty, clayey
gravelSandRun sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200
sieve, then the soil is coarse. If less than 50% of the coarse
material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil is sand%
passing #200 sieveUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%SWWell graded sandSPPoorly graded
sandBetween 5 % & 12%SW - SCWell graded sand with claySW -
SMWell graded sand with siltSP - SCPoorly graded sand with claySP -
SMPoorly graded sand with siltMore than 12%Fines classify as CL or
CH ( LL and PL above A-line)SCClayey sandFines classify as ML or MH
( LL and PL below A-line)SMSilty sandFines classify as CL - ML ( LL
and PL in shaded area)SC - SMSilty, clayey sandSILT OR CLAYRun
sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then
the soil is fine.Run liquid limit and plastic limit tests on
materials passing #40 sieve. Note that ASTM requires that the
liquid limit be determined using oven dried and undried
samplesLiquid LimitUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 50%LLR < 0.75OLOrganic silt or clayLLR
> 0.75 and PI < 4 or plots below A-line in Fig.MLInorganic
siltLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 or plots above A-line in Fig.CLLean
clayLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 and LL and PI in shaded area of
Fig.CL-MLSilty clayMore than 50%LLR < 0.75OHOrganic silt or
clayLLR > 0.75 and PI plots below A-line in Fig.MHElastic
siltLLR > 0.75 and PI plots on or above A-line in Fig.CHFat
clay
MBD00037570.unknown
MBD00037571.unknown
MBD000323C0.unknown
MBD000341CD.unknown
ucsUnified Classification SystemMajor divisionsGroupTypical
namesClassification CriteriaSymbolsGravels50% or more of coarse
fraction retained on No. 4 sieveClean GravelsGWWell-graded gravels
ang gravel-sand mixtures, little or no finesClassification on basis
of percentage of finesGW,GP,SW.SPGM,GC,SM,SCBorderline
classification requiring use of dual symbolsGreater than 4Between 1
and 3GPPoorly graded gravels and gravel sand mixtures, little or no
finesNot meeting both criteria for GWGravels with FinesGMSilty
gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixturesAtteberg limits plot below "A"
line or plasticity index less than 4Atteberg limits plotting in
hatched area are borderline classification requiring use of dual
symbolsLess than 5% pass No. 200 sieveMore than 12% pass No. 200
sieve5% to 12% pass No. 200 sieveGCClayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay
mixturesAtteberg limits plot below "A" line and plasticity index
greater than 7SandsMore than 50% of coarse fraction passes on No. 4
sieveClean SandsSWWell-graded sands and gravelly sands, little or
no finesGreater than 6Between 1 and 3SPPoorly graded sands and
gravelly sands, little or no finesNot meeting both criteria for
SWSands with finesSMSilty sand, sand-silt mixturesAtteberg limits
plot below "A" line or plasticity index less than 4Atteberg limits
plotting in hatched area are borderline classification requiring
use of dual symbolsSCClayey sands,sand-clay mixturesAtteberg limits
plot below "A" line and plasticity index greater than 7Silts and
ClaysLiquid Limit 50% or lessMLInorganic silts, very fine sands,
rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands200CLInorganic clays of low
to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays,
lean clays1005807307OLOrganic silts and organic silty clays of low
plasticity042544500Silts and ClaysLiquid Limit greater than
50%MHInorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sand or silts,
elastic silts5060CHInorganic clays of high plasticity,fat
claysOHOrganic clays of medium to high plasticityHighly Organic
SoilsPTPeat, muck and other highly organic soilsVisual - manual
identification, see ASTM Designation D2488
ucs00000000
Liquid LimitPlasticity IndexPlasticity chart
aashtoGeneral ClassificationGranular materialsSilt-clay
materials(35% or less of total sample passing No.200)( more than
35% passing No.200 )Group
classificationA-1A-3A-2A-4A-5A-6A-7A-1-aA-1-bA-2-4A-2-5A-2-6A-2-7A-7-5A-7-6Sieve
Analysis(percentage passing)No. 1050 max.51 min.No. 4030 max.50
max.51 min.No. 20015 max.25 max10 max.35 max35 max35 max35 max36
min36 min36 min36 minCharacteristic of fraction passing No.40
MHOHML &OHCL &CH &CL-MLA lineFor classification of
fine grained soils and fine fraction of coarse grained
soils.Atteberg limits plotting in hatched area are borderline
classification requiring use of dual symbolsEquation of A line : PI
= 0.73 (LL-20)
Sheet3GravelRun sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the
#200 sieve, then the soil is coarse. If more than 50% of the coarse
material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil is gravel.%
passing #200 sieveUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%GWWell graded gravelGPPoorly graded
gravelBetween 5 % & 12%GW - GCWell graded gravel with clayGW -
GMWell graded gravel with siltGP - GCPoorly graded gravel with
clayGP - GMPoorly graded gravel with siltMore than 12%Fines
classify as CL or CH ( LL and PL above A-line)GCClayey gravelFines
classify as ML or MH ( LL and PL below A-line)GMSilty gravelFines
classify as CL - ML ( LL and PL in shaded area)GC - GMSilty, clayey
gravelSandRun sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200
sieve, then the soil is coarse. If less than 50% of the coarse
material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil is sand%
passing #200 sieveUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 5%SWWell graded sandSPPoorly graded
sandBetween 5 % & 12%SW - SCWell graded sand with claySW -
SMWell graded sand with siltSP - SCPoorly graded sand with claySP -
SMPoorly graded sand with siltMore than 12%Fines classify as CL or
CH ( LL and PL above A-line)SCClayey sandFines classify as ML or MH
( LL and PL below A-line)SMSilty sandFines classify as CL - ML ( LL
and PL in shaded area)SC - SMSilty, clayey sandSILT OR CLAYRun
sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then
the soil is fine.Run liquid limit and plastic limit tests on
materials passing #40 sieve. Note that ASTM requires that the
liquid limit be determined using oven dried and undried
samplesLiquid LimitUnified Soil Classification CriteriaGroup
SymbolGroup NameLess than 50%LLR < 0.75OLOrganic silt or clayLLR
> 0.75 and PI < 4 or plots below A-line in Fig.MLInorganic
siltLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 or plots above A-line in Fig.CLLean
clayLLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 and LL and PI in shaded area of
Fig.CL-MLSilty clayMore than 50%LLR < 0.75OHOrganic silt or
clayLLR > 0.75 and PI plots below A-line in Fig.MHElastic
siltLLR > 0.75 and PI plots on or above A-line in Fig.CHFat
clayPEATHighly organic soils. Normally more than 20% by weight is
organicPrimary organic matter, dark in color and organic
odorPtPeat
MBD00037570.unknown
MBD00037571.unknown
MBD000323C0.unknown
MBD000341CD.unknown