3 Introduction of Pusan Clean Coal Center Pusan Clean Coal ...

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Introduction of Pusan Clean Coal Center

February 24, 2009

23rd Annual ACERC ConferenceProvo, Utah

Director, Chunghwan(Steve) Jeon

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3Contents

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3Busan City■ PNU is located in the 2nd largest City in Korea

Busan Harbor – Gateway to Korea through sea

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3Busan City■ PNU leads them to blue ocean.

Haeundae Beach –Lovely Place

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3Pusan National University

■ An academic institute leading collaboration with industry in theRegion

Dong-Nam Region

- The largest Industry Belt in KoreaGenerating 35% of GDP

- Production sites of Global leading CompaniesMajor Automobile companies : Hyundai, Renault Samsung

Major Shipbuilding companies : Hyundai, Daewoo, Samsung

Dong-Nam Region

- The largest Industry Belt in KoreaGenerating 35% of GDP

- Production sites of Global leading CompaniesMajor Automobile companies : Hyundai, Renault Samsung

Major Shipbuilding companies : Hyundai, Daewoo, Samsung

KOREA

Seoul

Busan

Dong-Nam Region

Busan

Changwon

Jinju

Gyeje

Ulsan

-Mechanical Parts

-Shipbuilding

-Automobile

-Chemistry

-Shipbuilding

MachineMechatronics

-Agriculture

-Aerospace

-Shipbuilding

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3Status of PNU (as of January 2009)

Emeritus Professor 263Full Professor 646

Associate Professor 292

Assistant Professor 164

Full-time Instructor 9

Foreign Professor 48

Adjunct Professor 3

Undergraduate 19,335

Master’s 5,558

Doctoral 1,258

Foreigner 430

Bachelor’s degree 123,248

Master’s degree 26,747

Doctoral degree 4,838

Units of PNU• 17 colleges with 82 departments• 1 independent division• 1 general graduate school• 5 professional graduate schools• 5 special graduate schools

Student (total 25,151) Faculty (total 1,111)

Alumni (total 154,833)

International Relations• 59 universities• 38 Research Institutes• 18 Countries

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Alumni : 11,000 (Since 1953)Publications : 902 (SCI 463) for recent 3 years

Patents : 123 for recent 3 years

Total research fund : 17.6 Billion Won/Year ($17.6 Million/Year)

Technical guidance to industries: 450 for recent 3 years

(Technical supporting agreement with 200 companies)

Awarded the Best School of Mechanical Engineering in Korean 2004

In the category of undergraduate and graduateEvaluated by Council for University Education

Curriculum is certified by ABEEK (Accreditation Board for EngineeringEducation of Korea in 2004

School of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering consists of 15 Departments (Faculty:203, Undergraduate students: 8,000, Graduate students: 1,300)

School of Mechanical Engineering (SME): 4 Divisions(Faculty: 56, Undergraduate students: 1,200, Graduate students: 300)

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Pusan Clean Coal Center

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3 2006. 02 Establishment of coal plant combustion course

2007. 06 Establishment of Pusan Clean Coal Center, PC3

- Graduate program for electric power industry- R&D program on coal combustion (2007-2011 as 1st stage)

“Development of Analysis and Optimization Technology for Fuel-Combustion System of Thermal-electric Power Plant”

2008. 09 technology evaluation infrastructure program (2008-2011)“Development of KCB (Korea Coal Bank) and CCRF (Coal Combustion Research Facility)”

POMIT

History

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Temperature increaseat the exit of furnace

-Aging at the exit of Furnace -Increase of volume of spray in Primary RH

Firing in pulverizer

Self ignition in yard

Firing due to increase of temperature in coal yard

Spark due to friction between Scraper and iron fragmentsHigher volatile

Flame length Damage on Coal Burner Nozzle Tip

Increase ofCoal Consumption

- Lowering crashing capacity of Pulverizer- Wear on Pulverizer parts - Increase of differential pressure of Pulverizer Bowl

Low Calorie and grindability

dust - Civil ComplaintNo caking abilityWeathering

Increase of Slagging

- Over Heating and Backfire due to Clinker in Burner Zone

Low IDT Increase of Fouling

- Hinderance of Heat transfer

Increase of Drying Air Temp.

- Firing in Pulverizer

Higher MoistureIncrease of Moisture

as rain- Frequent Clogging in coal feeding pipe

Fuel CharacterFuel Character PhenomenonPhenomenon Influence in facilitiesInfluence in facilities

Issues on Low Calorific Coal Combustion

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■ Combustion and flue gas analysis model

- Velocity/Gas-temperature

- CO/CO2

distribution

- NOxconcentration

- Particle/Volatile reaction

- Soot and LOI trajectory

- Slagging and fouling

- Radiation

Fuel chemical and pyrolysis analysis

method

■ Several of coals analysis (component, chemical structure, pore, IDT, etc.)

■ pyrolysis and ignition mechanism analysis (ignition condition)

Combustion Kinetics Analysis method

■ Combustion consumption rate (kinetics, mechanisms, etc.)

Turbulence flow and flue gas analysis

method

■ Swirl, turbulence, local oxygen concen. staging, fuel injection method, FGR effect.

Physical &

Chemical

charac. and

Kinetics DB

Coal

combustion

Kinetics DB

Flow and NOx

Sub-model

DB system

■ Combustion simulator & analysis technology

Integrated Research Subject

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3Integrated Research Subject

V.M.

Char oxidation

Fuel NOx

ImprovedCoal

combustion

Pulverized coal C, H, O, N, Ash

H2O(Moisture)

Hydro carbon

Prompt NOx O2, N2(Air)

Zeldovichi NOx

O2CO2

C, H O, N(volatile mattter)

H2O

HCNN2

Fuel NOx

C, N, Ash(Char)

Fuel NOx

O2

Thermal NOx

Homogeneous Reaction(Gas-Gas Oxidation)

Heterogeneous Reaction(Solid-Gas Oxidation)

0 200 400 600 800 1000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

temp Char Gas Tar Metaplast

Residence Time (ms)

Tem

p. (K

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

Fraction of daf Coal

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3Research subject I – Coal characteristics

0

20

40

60

80

1000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Mas

s R

atio

[%]

Tem perature [oC ]

Roto(m ) 100-200m esh

under N2

under air

245℃0

20

40

60

80

1000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Mas

s R

atio

[%]

Temperature [oC]

Roto(m)100-200mesh

After pre-treatment

Before pre-treatment

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2

Roto(m)DeadongWiraOrchidPeabodyA.B.KA.B.K-1JembayanVitalIndomincoBengalla

ln k

1000/T

■ Static characteristics analysis- Pre-treatment method

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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

1000200030004000

Abso

rban

ce [a

.u]

wavelength [cm-1]

A.B.K

A.B.K-1

Bengalla

Deadong

Indominco

Jembayan

Orchid

Peabody

Roto(m)

Vital

Wira

■ FT-IR results & Char oxidation

Research I – Coal characteristics

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3Research subject II – Coal kinetics

Height of Diffusion Flat flame

32~45um 75~90um 150~180umh=130mm

Onset of devolatiliztion

Coal Feeding point

Onset of Char Oxidation

h=110mm

h=70mm

h=90mm

Heating-up

Effect of N2carrier gas

300 600 900 12000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Z po

sitio

n[m

m]

Temp.[oC]

■ Laminar flow reactor

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0 200 400 600 800 100002468

10121416

5.19 %

34.29 %

5.59 %

Wei

ght (

mg)

Temperature (oC)

Moisture Volatile Ash

480 500 520 540 560 5800.01

0.1

1

k c (g*1

0-3/c

m2 *s

*atm

)1/Tp (1/K*106)

Rotomiddle Taldinsky

< Feeding system >

< Optical access >

< Collection part >

■ Drop Tube Furance

Research subject II – Coal kinetics

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.9

1.0

Frac

tion

RotoM_char_before oxidation

Dmean=48.9 (㎛)

ProximateAnalysis

Rotomiddle

Taldinsky

Moisture (%) 12.62 2.66

Volatile (%) 46.65 30.53

Ash (%) 2.74 16.58

Fixed Carbon

(%)37.99 50.23

HHVs(Btu/kg) 25961 27274

Ref. Ralph J price, BYU, 2007

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3 ■ Slit burner system

Research subject III – Core component (burner)

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

0

100

200

300

Tem

pera

ture

, T(d

eg)

Time, t(sec)

Up Middle Down

<280℃>

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

0

100

200

300

Tem

pera

ture

, T(d

eg)

Time, t(sec)

Up Middle Down

<250℃>

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

0

100

200

300

400

500

Tem

pera

ture

, T(d

eg)

Time, t(sec)

Up Middle Down

<300℃>

Conditions : Jembayan (30~60mesh), 5g, air 40 L/min

■ Dry and ignition process

Research subject III – Core component (ignition unit)

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- Devolatilization observation - Char oxidation observation - NOx and emission observation

Experimental Scope

Collaboration - Student Exchange Program

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3Communication - Bimonthly News Letter

■ Sharing center activities - Power generation companies, Manufacturer (DOOSAN)- Research institutes (KEPRI, KIMM)

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Thermal Power

Engineering Course

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3Program Mission

Thermal Power Generation Companies

Re-education of Field EngineersDeveloping Clean Coal TechnologyScientific approach on solving problemsCollaboration between Industry-Academe

Needs/Demands

Entrusting Educationof R&D manpower

TPE Operation

Fundamental R&D for CCT

Fundamental Infrastructure for CCT

Thermal Power EngineeringM.S. & Ph.D. course

In PNU

Thermal Power EngineeringM.S. & Ph.D. course

In PNU

Global Collaboration Global Track

Train and Re-Educationof R&D manpower

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3Background of the Graduate Program ■ Students are from Power Generation Companies

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3Background of the Program

■ Students are the key persons operating coal-fired power plants

19.4%19.4%

4.5%4.5%

37.3%37.3%

Nuclear

(Sub) Bituminous Coal

LNG

35.5%35.5%

2008(1.3%)(1.3%)

OilAnthracite Coal

Hydraulic

Renewable (0.9%)

(0.9%)

(1.1%)(1.1%)

Source: Yearbook of energy statistics 2008

Korea Energy Economics Institute

Power Generation Capacity in Korea (2007)- Total Power Generation : 403.1B kWh

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3Thermal Power Department – Invited seminar

■ Invited Lectured by National and International Experts from– Schools (University of Utah, Osaka Univ. Hanyang Univ. Hoseo Univ….)– Research Institutes (REI, CRIEPI Japan, KIER…)– Industries (KOSEP, Doosan Heavy Industry…)

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3Thermal Power Department - Global Track

■ Oversea Field (Mission) Trip– University of Utah & REI

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3Global Track■ Oversea Field Trip

– Stanford University & Sandia National Lab.

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Coal Combustion Research

Projects

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3Fundamental project – Coal properties characterization

KCB Korea Coal Bank

Coal informationSCP_KOSEP, Type : Roto-south, Home : Indonesia

50.58%Fixed Carbon

13.32%Ash

%

%

33.56Volatile Matter

2.54Moisture

Proximate analysis

50.58%Fixed Carbon

13.32%Ash

%

%

33.56Volatile Matter

2.54Moisture

Proximate analysis

1.33%S

6.81%O

1.33%N

70.05%C

%

%

4.55H

13.32Ash

Ultimate analysis

1.33%S

6.81%O

1.33%N

70.05%C

%

%

4.55H

13.32Ash

Ultimate analysis

midFouling

midSlagging

goodClinker formation

midFouling

midSlagging

goodClinker formation

CPAChemical/Physical Analysis

CKACombustion Kinetics Analysis

ACA Ash Content Analysis

0.034

Na2O

0.066

MgO

0.646

Fe2O3

2.55

Al2O3

0.1860.2220.1175.3912mole-%O2

K2OCaOTiO2SiO2

0.034

Na2O

0.066

MgO

0.646

Fe2O3

2.55

Al2O3

0.1860.2220.1175.3912mole-%O2

K2OCaOTiO2SiO2

4.0*104

30AcEc

Product RatioParameter

AEn

29240.5

Char Oxidation parameter

Combustion parameter

4.0*104

30AcEc

Product RatioParameter

AEn

29240.5

Char Oxidation parameter

Combustion parameter

2.73

2.76

2.76

Vel.

187933120

1950880

28

Num.

1871100

Temp.Size

Optical measurement

2.73

2.76

2.76

Vel.

187933120

1950880

28

Num.

1871100

Temp.Size

Optical measurement

2.60

2.57

2.41

Vel.

177711800

165731600

79

Num.

17021700

Temp.Temp.

Temperature distribution

2.60

2.57

2.41

Vel.

177711800

165731600

79

Num.

17021700

Temp.Temp.

Temperature distribution

5900Kcal/gCaloric value 5900Kcal/gCaloric value

ACA Ash Content Analysis:

LOILoss on ignition

Unburned Carbon

%

etc%

Moisture%

Unburned Carbon

%

etc%

Moisture%

PC3

DSC-TGADTFEtc.

CCRFLOI analy.

LS FurnaceHeat Flux

Ignition reactor

PC3-CCRFLFR

Pilot burnerTurbulent reactorIgnition reactor

Optical pyrometerEtc.

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3Fundamental project – Laser Induced Incandescence

][nmd p

HA

B [c

m]

-4.0 -3.2 -2.4 -1.6 -0.8 0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Soot

Vol

ume

Frac

tion,

Vf [a

.u]

Radial position, r [mm]

HAB=15 HAB=20 HAB=27.5 HAB=30

-4.0 -3.2 -2.4 -1.6 -0.8 0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Prim

ary

part

icle

size

, dp [n

m]

Radial position, r [mm]

HAB=15 HAB=20 HAB=27.5 HAB=30

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

-6.0

-5.5

-5.0

-4.5

-4.0

-3.5

-3.0

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

LII S

igna

l

Time, t [ns]

< 1-D Signal >

< 2-D Image >

Particulate Matter

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3Industry oriented project – KOSEP power plant

< 500 °C

- Gas Temperature

Base 2

OFA

BeforeSH

Base 3Base 1

> 1880 °CGasTemperature

OFA

Before SH

1540 1520

1540 1540

1490

1420

• Increasing temperature in OFA region while operating F burner • Prediction of relative decrease of CO due to temperature increase

Overall Furnace Dimensions

86,910 mm

16,500 mm 16,500 mm

22,006 mm

Burner Column, Elevations A & B

Burner Column, Elevations C & D

Burner Column, Elevations E & F

Computational Grid

RH and SH Panels

Overall Furnace Dimensions

86,910 mm

16,500 mm 16,500 mm

22,006 mm

Burner Column, Elevations A & B

Burner Column, Elevations C & D

Burner Column, Elevations E & F

Computational Grid

RH and SH Panels

86,910 mm

16,500 mm 16,500 mm

22,006 mm

Burner Column, Elevations A & B

Burner Column, Elevations C & D

Burner Column, Elevations E & F

86,910 mm

16,500 mm 16,500 mm

22,006 mm

86,910 mm

16,500 mm 16,500 mm

22,006 mm

Burner Column, Elevations A & B

Burner Column, Elevations C & D

Burner Column, Elevations E & F

Computational Grid

RH and SH Panels

Grid number = 59 x 319 x 65 = 1,223,365

Primary Reheater

Final Superheater

Final Reheater

Platen Superheater

Hanger Superheat

Side View Front View

Primary Reheater

Final Superheater

Final Reheater

Platen Superheater

Hanger Superheat

Side View Front View

Simulator 이용한 연소 특성 해석Simulator 이용한 연소 특성 해석 Tempera ture

Tra ce of Coa l Pa rticle

Kinetics

S imulator 이용한 연소 특성 해석Simulator 이용한 연소 특성 해석 Tempera ture

Tra ce of Coa l Pa rticle

Kinetics

> 1880 °C

< 700 °C

GasTemperature

Conc. Coal F (Out of Service)

Conc. Coal D

Conc. Coal B

SOFA

Base 1 Base 2 Base 3

> 1880 °C

< 700 °C

GasTemperature

> 1880 °C

< 700 °C

GasTemperature

Conc. Coal F (Out of Service)

Conc. Coal D

Conc. Coal B

SOFA

Conc. Coal F (Out of Service)

Conc. Coal D

Conc. Coal B

SOFA

Base 1 Base 2 Base 3

■ Effects of SOFA in collaboration with REI

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3Industry oriented project – KOSPO power plant

Ref. Nalan E. et al. Fuel Processing Technology, 58, 109-117, 1999

10 50 100 150 200 350250 3000Elevation [mm]

32~45um

75~90um

150~180um

59

140

10 50 100 150 200 350250 3000Elevation [mm]

32~45um

75~90um

150~180um

59

140

0

1

2

3

4

Bur

ning

rat

e, R

c×10

10 [k

g/s] Coal size = 70 μm

O2 % = 0.223Ps = 1bar

0

50

100

150

200

Rea

ctio

n ki

netic

s, k c [1

/s]

Coal size = 70 μmO2 % = 0.223Ps = 1bar

12 16 20 24 28 32 360

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Bur

ning

tim

e, t

[ms]

Moisture contents, Xm [%]

Coal size = 70 μmO2 % = 0.223Ps = 1bar

12 16 20 24 28 32 361000

1500

2000

4000

4500

5000

5500

1000

1500

2000

4000

4500

5000

5500

Gas

tem

pera

ture

, Tg

[K]

Moisture contents, Xm [%]

Coal size = 70 μmO2 % = 0.223Ps = 1bar

Moisture effects

1339.00 1296.85 1265.10

1410.28 1345.82 1292.48

1275.221293.361364.83

4.65 4.65 14.66 14.66 24.66 24.66

1339.00 1296.85 1265.10

1410.28 1345.82 1292.48

1275.221293.361364.83

4.65 4.65 14.66 14.66 24.66 24.66

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 901000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

Tem

pera

ture

[K]

Elevation [m]

36.77 41.34 46.65

■ Effects of low-calorific coal

Size effects

Volatile effects

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3Industry oriented project – Oxy-fuel combustion

43%30% 72%57%0%

25

0

2015105

LII signal + Background

LII signal - Background

CO2rate

Direct flame image

UHC condensation Carbon formation & agglomerationAsh condesation

Condensation, Nucleation of volatiles(hydrocarbons, sulphuric acid / sulphates, water)

Absorbed HydrocarbonsFractal- likeSoot Agglomerate

50- 500 nm

Liquid HydrocarbonParticle 10- 80 nm1. Attached to soot2. Freely in air Liquid Sulfate Paricle

1. Attached to soot2. Freely in air

UHC condensation Carbon formation & agglomerationAsh condesation

Condensation, Nucleation of volatiles(hydrocarbons, sulphuric acid / sulphates, water)

Absorbed HydrocarbonsFractal- likeSoot Agglomerate

50- 500 nm

Liquid HydrocarbonParticle 10- 80 nm1. Attached to soot2. Freely in air Liquid Sulfate Paricle

1. Attached to soot2. Freely in air

Detected during the cooling phaseDetected during

the cooling phaseDetected during

the cooling phase

O2+

CO2

CH4

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3Fundamental project – Dump gas turbine combustion

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Liner/Transition pieceLiner/Transition pieceGE 7FAe+ Gas TurbineGE 7FAe+ Gas Turbine

Industry oriented project – Gas turbine BNR modeling

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Potential Collaborations

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3Potential Collaborations

Fields Interests

Fundamental Coal Combustion

– Devolatilization mechanism– Char oxidation mechanism– Slagging and NOx mechanism

Gasification– Gasification process modeling– Coal kinetic measurement – Investigation of Slagging mechanism

Exchange Program– World Class University Program– Global Research Lab.– Students and Researcher Exchange

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Thank you for your attention.