ECCO™ is proud to be a member of: HARDI Heating, Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Distributors International www.hardinet.org SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association www.smacna.org SPIDA Spiral Duct Manufacturers Association www.spida.org HRAI Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada www.hrai.ca ADI Air Distribution Institute www.steelduct.org MANUFACTURING EXCELLENCE HVAC Steel Duct Pipe & Fittings CME Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters www.cme-mec.ca AD Affiliated Distributors™ www.adhq.com REV. W-4 CONVERSION CHARTS
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ECCO™ is proud to be a member of:
HARDIHeating, Air-conditioning
& RefrigerationDistributors International
www.hardinet.org
SMACNASheet Metal and Air
Conditioning Contractors’ National Association
www.smacna.org
SPIDASpiral Duct
Manufacturers Association
www.spida.org
HRAIHeating, Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning Institute of Canada
www.hrai.ca
ADIAir
DistributionInstitute
www.steelduct.org
MANUFACTURING EXCELLENCE
HVAC Steel Duct Pipe & Fittings
CMECanadian
Manufacturers &Exporters
www.cme-mec.ca
ADAffiliated Distributors™
www.adhq.com
REV. W-4
CONVERSION CHARTS
CONVERSION CHARTS
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TEMPERATURE ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
COMMON FRACTIONS CONVERTED TO DECIMALS ................................................................................................................. 10FACTORS CONVERSION CHART .......................................................................................................................................................... 4GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET GAUGE NUMBERS — UNIT WEIGHTS AND THICKNESS ...................................................... 6ISO METRIC AND UNIFIED SCREW THREAD DESIGNATIONS ................................................................................................... 8METRIC CONVERSION CHART ............................................................................................................................................................. 3ROUND DUCT AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE ............................................................................................................................... 11TORQUE WRENCH CHART BOLTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 7WEIGHT CHARTS
3) Volume – Air std. cubic feet per minute cubic metres per sec. m3/s 0.000 471 947 Flow std. cubic feet per minute cubic metres per hour m3/h 1.699 std. cubic feet per minute litres per second l/s 0.471 947 Under 1m3/s, use l/s
4) Volume – Liquid gallon (CDN.) litre l 4.546 090 & Liquid Flow gallon (U.S.) litre l 3.785 412 gallon per minute (CDN.) litre per second l/s 0.075 768 gallon per minute (U.S.) litre per second l/s 0.063 09 gallons per hour (CDN.) litre per second l/s 0.001 263 gallons per hour (U.S.) litre per second l/s 0.001 051 5) Velocity feet per second metre per second m/s 0.3048 feet per minute metre per second m/s 0.005 080 6) Pressure inch of water (60oF) pascal (20oC) Pa 248.84 foot of water (39.2oF) pascal (20oC) Pa 2 988.98 inch of mercury (60oF) pascal Pa 3 376.85 lb. force per square inch (psi) pascal Pa 6 894.757 lb. force per square foot pascal Pa 48.880 26 7) Energy B.T.U. joule J 1055.056
8) Power Horsepower watt W 746 kilowatt KW 0.746
9) Temperature Rankin kelvin K 5/9 (next page) Fahrenheit Celsius, Centigrade C (F-32) (5/9) 10) Heat Flow Rate B.T.U. per hour watt W 0.293 071 kilowatt KW 0.000 293 071 11) Rotational revolutions per minute revolutions per minute r/min 1.0 Frequency revolutions per second r/s 0.0167
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1. BASIC EQUATIONS
The following basic equations apply to air distribution with regard to flow rate, air heat transfer, liquid heat transfer.
(A) AIR FLOW
(1) Q = V × A where Q = flow rate, m3/s (cfm) V = velocity, m/s (fpm) A = area, m2(ft2)
(B) HEAT TRANSFER FOR AIR
(2) q = Q × p × csp × Dt where q = heat transfer rate, = Watts (BTU/hr) Q = flow rate, m3/s (ft3/hr) p = density kg/m3 (lbs/ft3) csp = specific heat J/kg°C (BTU/lb°F) Dt = temp. diff. °C (°F)
For Imperial Units this equation simplifies to:
(3) q = 1.08 × cfm × Dt
(C) HEAT TRANSFER FOR WATER
(4) q = Q × csp × Dt where q = heat transfer rate, = Watts (BTU/hr) Q = flow rate, kg/sec (lbs/hr) csp = specific heat J/kg°C (BTU/lb°F) Dt = temp. diff. °C (°F)
For Imperial Units with U.S. gpm, this equation simplifies to:
(5) BTU/hr = gpm × 500 × Dt
NOTE: In Si units, in equations (2) & (4), a unit analysis shows that the heat transfer rate simplifies to Joules per sec., and by definition, 1 Joule per sec. = 1 watt.
2. TEMPERATURE
1. To convert from degree Fahrenheit to degree Celsius, subtract 32 and divide by 1.8.
2. To convert from degree Celsius to degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.8 and add 32.
3. To convert from degree Fahrenheit to kelvin, add 459.67 and divide by 1.8.
4. To convert from kelvin to degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.8 and subtract 459.67.
5. To convert from degree Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15.
6. To convert from kelvin to degree Celsius, subtract 273.15.
7. To convert from degree Rankin to Kelvin, divide by 1.8.
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GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET GAUGE NUMBERS — UNIT WEIGHTS AND THICKNESS
GALVANIZED GAUGE NO.
OUNCES PER FOOT
POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
THICKNESS EQUIVALENT FOR
GALVANIZED GAUGE NO.
IN INCHESIN
MILLIMETERS8 112.5 7.03125 0.048828 0.1681 4.270
9 102.5 6.40625 0.044488 0.1532 3.891
10 92.5 5.78125 0.040148 0.1382 3.510
11 82.5 5.15625 0.035807 0.1233 3.132
12 72.5 4.53125 0.031467 0.1084 2.753
13 62.5 3.90625 0.027127 0.0934 2.753
14 52.5 3.28125 0.022786 0.0785 1.994
15 47.5 2.96875 0.020616 0.0710 1.803
16 42.5 2.65625 0.018446 0.0635 1.613
17 38.5 2.40625 0.016710 0.0575 1.461
18 34.5 2.15625 0.014974 0.0516 1.311
19 30.5 1.90625 0.013238 0.0456 1.158
20 26.5 1.65625 0.011502 0.0396 1.006
21 24.5 1.53125 0.010634 0.0366 0.9296
22 22.5 1.40625 0.0097656 0.0336 0.8534
23 20.5 1.28125 0.0088976 0.0306 0.7772
24 18.5 1.15625 0.0080295 0.0276 0.7010
25 16.5 1.03125 0.0071615 0.0247 0.6274
26 14.5 0.90625 0.0062934 0.0217 0.5512
27 13.5 0.84375 0.0058594 0.0202 0.5131
28 12.5 0.78125 0.0054253 0.0187 0.4750
29 11.5 0.71875 0.0049913 0.0172 0.4369
30 10.5 0.65625 0.0045573 0.0157 0.3988
31 9.5 0.59375 0.0041233 0.0142 0.3607
32 9.0 0.56250 0.0039062 0.0134 0.3404
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TORQUE WRENCH CHART BOLTSGrade Marking
NOTE: Specifications contained in this chart are correct to the best of our knowledge. Refer to the exact specifications as given by original equipment manufacturer.
BOLT DIAMETER (")
THREAD PITCH
FOOT POUNDS
SUPER0-1-2 5 6 8
14 2028
5.56.0
9.711.0
11.012.0
11.513.0
13.015.0
5/16 1824
10.011.4
18.020.0
20.023.0
21.024.0
24.027.5
3/8 1624
21.724.5
39.044.0
43.049.0
45.051.0
52.059.0
7/16 1420
32.438.4
58.069.0
65.077.0
67.080.0
78.092.0
1/2 1320
43.554.6
87.0103.0
97.0115.0
102.0121.0
116.0138.0
9/16 1218
57.568.0
111.0131.0
123.0146.0
129.0153.0
147.0175.0
5/8 1118
86.0102.0
173.0200.0
192.0224.0
201.0235.0
230.0269.0
3/4 1018
152.0182.0
290.0345.0
324.0384.0
336.0403.0
389.0461.0
7/8 914
222.0261.0
500.0585.0
555.0653.0
583.0685.0
666.0784.0
1 814
307.0370.0
690.0830.0
769.0925.0
807.0967.0
923.01111.0
0-1-2 5 6 8 SUPER
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ISO METRIC AND UNIFIED SCREW THREAD DESIGNATIONSUnified screw threads are designated by nominal size and number of threads per inch. As an example, 3/4 – 10 UNC is a standard Unified screw thread having a nominal size of 3/4 inches and 10 threads per inch. To convert a Unified screw thread designation to an ISO Metric screw thread designation multiply nominal size by 25.4 and multiply the reciprocal of threads per inch by 25.4 to determine basic diameter in millimeters and pitch in millimeters. By doing so, 3/4 – 10 UNC converted to ISO Metric becomes M 19.05 × 25.4.ISO Metric screw threads are designated by basic diameter and thread pitch. As an example, M 8 × 1 is a standard ISO Metric screw thread having a basic diameter of 8 millimeters and a thread pitch of 1 millimeter. To convert an ISO Metric screw thread designation to a Unified (American) designation divide the basic diameter by 25.4 and multiply the reciprocal of the pitch by 25.4 to determine nominal size in inches and threads per inch. By doing so, M 8 × 1 becomes 0.315-25.4 UNS.
Standard Unified Thread Series (Adapted from ANS B1.1-1960)
Present Unified Thread Nominal Size — Diameter NUMBER OR DECIMAL SIZE FRACTIONAL SIZE METRIC
NOTE: The values listed as metric equivalents of decimal inch values have been given to assist user in selecting the closest metric size to be found in the table, Metric Screw Threads. Adherence to diameter preference is recommended, if feasible.
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