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SQL
(Jdbc) .
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SQL SQL.
SQL SQL .
DBMS
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(API). DBMS, .
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B i D l S ti Begin Declare Section
End Declare Section SQL :
SQL
(sqlca.h)y SQLSTATEy SQLCODE
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SQL
C EXEC SQLEXEC SQL ;
Java SQLJ Java #SQL
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. SQL C Q
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#include #include #i l d t i h#include #include
EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION; char database[6]; char userid[9];char passwd[19];char passwd[19];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {if (argc == 4) {
strcpy (database, argv[1]); strcpy (userid, argv[2]);strcpy (passwd, argv[3]);EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database
USER :userid using :passwd;} else {
printf ("\nUSAGE: 1 [database] [userid] [passwd]\n\n");return 1;
}
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if (sqlca.sqlcode != 0 ){( q q ){printf("Error during logon.\n");
it(2)exit(2);} else {} {
printf("log on successful. \n");}}
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EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR goto error;EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR goto error;
EXEC SQL CREATE TABLE liEXEC SQL CREATE TABLE supplier(id CHAR(5) not null primary key,name CHAR(20),status INTEGER,status INTEGER,city CHAR(15));
EXEC SQL COMMIT;EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(0);exit(0);
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error:error:printf("SQL error:%ld\n",sqlca.sqlcode);printf("\n%.70s\n",sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc); EXEC SQL ROLLBACK WORK;Q ;exit(1);
}}
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SQL C Q
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#include #include #include #include #include
EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;char supp id[5];char supp_id[5];char supp_name[20];long int supp status;long int supp_status;char supp_city[15];char database[6];char database[6];char userid[9];char passwd[19];char passwd[19];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]){if (argc == 4) {
strcpy (database argv[1]); strcpy (userid argv[2]); strcpy (passwd argv[3]);strcpy (database, argv[1]); strcpy (userid, argv[2]); strcpy (passwd, argv[3]);EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database USER :userid USING :passwd;
}else {
printf ("\nUSAGE: 2 [database] [userid] [passwd]\n\n");return 1;;
} /* endif */if (sqlca.sqlcode != 0 ){
printf("Error during logon \n");printf( Error during logon.\n );exit(2);}
else {printf("log on successful. \n");}}
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EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR goto errorwhile (1) {while (1) {
printf("Enter the Supplier's code (or X to end): ");scanf("%s" supp id);scanf( %s ,supp_id);
if (supp_id[0] == 'X' || supp_id[0] == 'x) {printf("Supposed to terminate now...\n");p ( pp );break; }
printf("Supplier's name: ");scanf("%s",supp_name);printf("Supplier's status: ");scanf("%ld",&supp_status);
i tf("S li ' it ")printf("Supplier's city: ");scanf("%s",supp_city);
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EXEC SQL INSERT INTO supplier (id,name,status,city) Q pp ( , , , y)VALUES (:supp_id,:supp_name,:supp_status,:supp_city);
printf("SQLCA.Error.Code: %ld\n", sqlca.sqlcode);
EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK;printf("Record %s added.\n\n",supp id);p ( , pp_ );
}EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK;Q ;
EXEC SQL CONNECT RESET;exit(0);exit(0);
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error:printf("SQL error:%ld\n",sqlca.sqlcode);printf("\n% 70s\n" sqlca sqlerrm sqlerrmc);printf( \n%.70s\n ,sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc);
EXEC SQL ROLLBACK WORK;EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;C SQ SCO C ;exit(1);
}}
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()
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#include #include #include #include #include #include
EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;char supp_id[5];char supp_name[20];long int supp_status;char supp city[15];char supp_city[15];char database[6];char userid[9];[ ];char passwd[19];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {if (argc == 4) {if (argc == 4) {
strcpy (database, argv[1]); strcpy (userid, argv[2]);strcpy (passwd argv[3]);strcpy (passwd, argv[3]);EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database USER :userid USING :passwd;
}else {else {
printf ("\nUSAGE: 3 [database] [userid] [passwd]\n\n");return 1;
}}if (sqlca.sqlcode != 0 ){
printf("Error during logon.\n");it(2)exit(2);
}else {
i tf("l f l \ ")printf("log on successful. \n");};
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EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR goto error; printf("Enter the id number of the Supplier you wish to retrieve: ");scanf("%s",supp_id);
EXEC SQL SELECT id,name,status,cityINTO :supp id :supp name :supp status :supp cityINTO :supp_id,:supp_name,:supp_status,:supp_cityFROM supplierWHERE id = :supp_id;
f( S % \ ) f( % \ )printf("Supplier ID: %s\n",supp_id); printf("Name : %s\n",supp_name);printf("Status : %ld\n",supp_status); printf("City : %s\n",supp_city);
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error:i tf("SQL %ld\ " l l d )printf("SQL error:%ld\n",sqlca.sqlcode);
printf("\n%.70s\n",sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc);EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK; ;EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(0);
}
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, .. C
-- .
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DECLARE [INSESITIVE] [SCROLL][ ] [ ]
CURSOR FOR [ORDER BY ][ORDER BY -][FOR READ ONLY | FOR UPDATE][ O O | O U ]
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OPENy
FETCH FETCHy -
CLOSE
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dy read only .y
read only WHERE CURRENT OF CU O UPDATE DELETE . y byy by
default (FOR UPDATE).
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DECLARE NewRatingCursor CURSOR FORSELECT Sname, rating FROM SailorsFOR UPDATE OF tiFOR UPDATE OF rating
OPEN NewRatingCursor
FETCH NewRatingCursorINTO :Sailors_name, :Sailors_rating
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RATING H N R ti :New_Rating.
RATING RATING UPDATE SailorsSET rating = :New ratingSET rating = :New_ratingWHERE CURRENT OF NewRatingCursor
CLOSE NewRatingCursor
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RATING H N R ti :New_Rating.
RATING RATING UPDATE SailorsSET rating = :New rating
SQL:2003
SET rating = :New_ratingWHERE CURRENT OF NewRatingCursor
CLOSE NewRatingCursor
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scroll
EXEC SQL DECLARE cur_employeeSCROLL CURSOR FORSCROLL CURSOR FOR
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NEXT NEXT PRIOR FIRST FIRST LAST ABSOLUTE no ABSOLUTE no RELATIVE no FORWARD no FORWARD no BACKWARD no FETCH FORWARD 5 FROM NewRatingCursor FETCH FORWARD 5 FROM NewRatingCursor
INTO :Sailors_Sname, :Sailors_rating;
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y
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() .
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#include #include #include #include #include #include
EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;char supp_id[5];char supp_name[20];long int supp_status;char supp city[15];char supp_city[15];char database[6];char userid[9];[ ];char passwd[19];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
i t l thint a_length;char a_city[15];
if (argc == 4) { strcpy (database, argv[1]); strcpy (userid, argv[2]);strcpy (passwd, argv[3]);EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database USER :userid USING :passwd;
}else {
printf ("\nUSAGE: prog1 [database] [userid] [passwd]\n\n");return 1;
}if (sqlca.sqlcode != 0 ){
printf("Error during logon.\n");exit(2);}
else {printf("log on successful. \n");p ( g )}
EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR goto error;
EXEC SQL WHENEVER NOT FOUND goto done;Q g ;
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EXEC SQL DECLARE cursor1 CURSOREXEC SQL DECLARE cursor1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id t t itSELECT id,name,status,cityFROM supplierppORDER BY name;
EXEC SQL OPEN cursor1;C SQ O cu so ;
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for (;;)(;;){strcpy(supp_id," "); strcpy(supp_name," ");strcpy(supp city " "); supp status = 0;strcpy(supp_city, ); supp_status = 0;
EXEC SQL FETCH cursor1EXEC SQL FETCH cursor1INTO
:supp id :supp name :supp status :supp city;:supp_id,:supp_name,:supp_status,:supp_city;
printf("-------------------------------------\n");printf( -------------------------------------\n );printf("Supplier ID: %s\n",supp_id);printf("Name : %s\n",supp_name);printf("Status : %ld\n" supp status);printf( Status : %ld\n ,supp_status);printf("City : %s\n",supp_city);
}
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error:printf(" \n");printf( \n );printf(" \n");printf("SQL error:%ld\n",sqlca.sqlcode);printf("\n%.70s\n",sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc);( )EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;
done:done:printf("no more rows found\n");
EXEC SQL CLOSE cursor1;exit(0);exit(0);
EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK;EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(0);
}
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. Prepare Prepare Execute
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SQL
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#include #i l d t h#include #include #include #include #include
EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;char onebuffer[50]; h d t b [6]char database[6];
char userid[9];char passwd[19];char passwd[19];EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {char onestring[10];char onestring[10]; int acounter;
strcpy(onestring,"");strcpy(onebuffer "");strcpy(onebuffer, );
if (argc == 4) { strcpy (database, argv[1]); strcpy (userid, argv[2]); strcpy (passwd, argv[3]);EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database USER :userid USING :passwd;EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database USER :userid USING :passwd;
}else {
printf ("\nUSAGE: 5 [database] [userid] [passwd]\n\n");return 1;
} /* endif */
if ( l l d ! 0 ){if (sqlca.sqlcode != 0 ){printf("Error during logon.\n");exit(2);}}
else {printf("log on successful. \n");} }
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EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR GOTO error;
printf("Enter the name of the table you wish to create: ");printf( Enter the name of the table you wish to create: );
scanf("%s",onestring);strcpy(onebuffer,"CREATE TABLE ");strcpy(onebuffer, CREATE TABLE );strcat(onebuffer,onestring);strcat(onebuffer,"(child char(15), age integer)");strcat(onebuffer, (child char(15), age integer) );
EXEC SQL EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :onebuffer;EXEC SQL EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :onebuffer;EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK;EXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(0);
error:printf("SQL error: %ld\n",sqlca.sqlcode);printf("\n%.70s\n",sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc);EXEC SQL ROLLBACK WORK;
Q OEXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(1);
}
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SQL
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#include #i l d tdlib h#include #include #include #include #include
EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;char onebuffer[70]; /* communication buffer */h hild[15]char child[15];
long int age;char database[6];char database[6];char userid[9];char passwd[19];EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {char onestring[10]; /* user states*/char onestring[10]; / user states /int acounter;
strcpy(onestring,"");strcpy(onebuffer "");strcpy(onebuffer, );if (argc == 4) {
strcpy (database, argv[1]); strcpy (userid argv[2]);strcpy (userid, argv[2]);strcpy (passwd, argv[3]);EXEC SQL CONNECT TO :database USER :userid USING :passwd;
}else {else {
printf ("\nUSAGE: 6 [database] [userid] [passwd]\n\n");return 1;
}
if (sqlca.sqlcode != 0 ){printf("Error during logon.\n");exit(2);}
else {else {printf("log on successful. \n");}
EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR GOTO error;EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR GOTO error;
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i tf("E t th f th t bl i h t d li t ")printf("Enter the name of the table you wish to append lines to: ");
scanf("%s",onestring);strcpy(onebuffer,"INSERT INTO ");strcat(onebuffer,onestring);( , g);strcat(onebuffer,"(child, age) VALUES (?, ?)");EXEC SQL PREPARE s1 FROM :onebuffer;EXEC SQL PREPARE s1 FROM :onebuffer;
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EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK;EXEC SQL DISCONNECTEXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(0);
error:printf("SQL error: %ld\n",sqlca.sqlcode);printf("\n%.70s\n",sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc);EXEC SQL ROLLBACK WORK;EXEC SQL DISCONNECTEXEC SQL DISCONNECT;exit(1);
}}
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EXEC SQL PREPARE employee_statement FROM 'SELECT emp_lname FROM employee';
EXEC SQL DECLARE cur_employeeCURSOR FOR emplo ee statementCURSOR FOR employee_statement;
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