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VirtualizedCCAPSeptember2017TheARRISproductroadmapscontainedhereinarefordiscussionpurposesonlytodemonstrateourthoughtsbehindtheevolutionary developmentoftheARRISproductofferings.ARRISisnotobligatedtodevelopthesoftwareorhardwarewiththefeaturesandfunctionalitydiscussedinthesematerials
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NextGenerationCableAccess
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What’sComingInTheAccessNetwork?
September2017 3
TechnologicalBifurcation
ArchitecturalBifurcation
ExponentialBandwidthGrowth MSODecisions,
Decisions,Decisions
IncreasedCompetition
Revolutionvs
Evolution
CentralizedvsDistributed
VirtualvsAppliance-based
DOCSIS/EPON/GPON/Wireless
RPHY/RMACPHY
FiberDeeper?
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I-CoreHFCAccessNetworkArchitecture(2nd Evolution)– NoAnalogVideo!
29September2017 4
I-CORE
OOBMAC
VODMAC
BCEQMAC
DOCSISCMTSMAC
EthDWDM
EthDWDM
RPHY
RPHY
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vCMTS isJusttheiCORE ImplementedinSoftware!
29September2017 5
OOBMAC
VODMAC
BCEQMAC
DOCSISCMTSMAC
EthDWDM
EthDWDM
RPHY
RPHY
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ItLooksLikeThisandNeedsLotsofHelp!
29September2017 6
DOCSISCMTSMAC
EthDWDM
EthDWDM
RPHY
RPHY
• Thei-Coredoesalotofthingsthatwetakeforgrantedlike:– Handlescalingandfailurerecovery– Somenetworkingandroutingfunctions– OOB,encryption,andvideo
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VirtualizationBackground
September2017 7
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Containers,Clusters,andClouds
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• Why?• Terms• Computer(baremetal)• VirtualMachine• Docker/ContainersonBareMetal• DockeronaVirtualMachine• KubernetesClusteronBareMetal• TheCloud
Agenda
September2017 9
KubernetesCluster
VirtualMachineDocker
BareMetal
VirtualDocker
VirtualKubernetes
CloudDocker
Cloud
CloudKubenetes
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WhyContainersandClouds?
• Baremetalishardtoconfigure,manage,andmaintain
• Cloudsandclustersprovidescalabilityandtheabilitydistributeapplicationsgeographically• Virtualizationprovideshardwareindependence• Containersoffercleanandsimpleapplicationandmicroservicepackagingandmanagement.
Thesetechnologieshelptomakesoftwaremoremanageable,scalable,andresilient
September2017 10
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• Underlined termsarenew.• Boxeswithayellowbackgroundarenew• Boxeswithadashedbordermaynotbepresent
Key
September2017 11
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistroAPP
APP
APP
APP
APP
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• Baremetalmeansaregularoldcomputer• Terms– App:AnyLinuxbasedapplicationorservice.ExamplesincludeApache,Nginx,nDVRrecorder,VDE,orvCMTS.
– LinuxDistro:TheLinuxdistribution.Forexample,Ubuntu,Centos,Debian,CoreOS,orYocto
– LinuxKernel:TheCore oftheoperatingsystem.InvariantpartofLinux.ProvidesbasicO/Sservices:memorymanagement,CPU/processmanagement,filesystems,storage,etc.
– HAL/DeviceDrivers: Hardwareabstractionlayer.Allowsthekerneltointeracthardwareinacommonway.
– Hardware: Physicaldevices,forexample,theCPU,memory,storage,USB,etc.
Computer(baremetal)
September2017 12
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel/OSCore
LinuxDistroAPP
APP
APP
APP
APP
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LinuxDistros
September2017 13
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
Ubuntu
APP
APP
APP
APP
APP
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
Centos
APP
APP
APP
APP
APP
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
CoreOS
APP
APP
APP
APP
APP
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LinuxDistros
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• Baremetalmeansaregularoldcomputer• Terms– App:AnyLinuxbasedapplicationorservice.ExamplesincludeApache,Nginx,nDVRrecorder,VDE,orvCMTS.
– LinuxDistro:TheLinuxdistribution.Forexample,Ubuntu,Centos,Debian,CoreOS,orYocto
– LinuxKernel:TheCore oftheoperatingsystem.InvariantpartofLinux.ProvidesbasicO/Sservices:memorymanagement,CPU/processmanagement,filesystems,storage,etc.
– HAL/DeviceDrivers: Hardwareabstractionlayer.Allowsthekerneltointeracthardwareinacommonway.
– Hardware: Physicaldevices,forexample,theCPU,memory,storage,USB,etc.
Computer(baremetal)
September2017 15
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel/OSCore
LinuxDistroAPP
APP
APP
APP
APP
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• Thispictureshowsonecomputer runningvirtualmachinesoftware
• Brands:KVM,VMware,Xen,etc.• Terms– App:AnyLinuxbasedapplicationorservice.Examples
includeApache,Nginx,nDVRrecorder,VDE,orvCMTS.– LinuxDistro:TheLinuxdistribution.Forexample,
Ubuntu,Centos,Debian,CoreOS,orYocto– LinuxKernel: InvariantpartofLinux.ProvidesbasicO/S
services:memorymanagement,CPU/processmanagement,filesystems,storage,etc.
– Hypervisor:Avirtualmachinemonitor.ItmaybepartofLinux(kvm)orproprietary(VMware)
– HAL/DeviceDrivers:Hardwareabstractionlayer.Allowsthekerneltointeracthardwareinacommonway.
– VirtualHardware: Hardwaresimulatedinsoftware.– Hardware: Physicaldevices,forexampletheCPU,
memory,storage,USB,etc.
• LinuxDistro(withdashedborder)maynotbepresentifanon-Linuxbasedhypervisorisused.
VirtualMachine
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Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel/Hypervisor
LinuxDistro
VirtualHardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
APP
APP
APP
APP
APP
VirtualHardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
APP
APP
APP
APP
APP
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• DockerissoftwarethatrunsontopofLinux
• Brands:Docker,Rocket• Terms– Docker:Containermanagementsoftware.– App:AnyLinuxbasedapplicationorservice.LinuxDistro:TheLinuxdistribution.Forexample,Ubuntu,Centos,Debian,CoreOSorYocto
– LinuxKernel: InvariantpartofLinux.ProvidesbasicO/Sservices:memorymanagement,CPU/processmanagement,filesystems,storage,etc.
– HAL/DeviceDrivers:Hardwareabstractionlayer.Allowsthekerneltointeracthardwareinacommonway.
– Hardware: Physicaldevices,forexampletheCPU,memory,storage,USB,etc.
Docker/ContainersonBareMetal
September2017 17
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
LinuxDistro
APP
LinuxDistroAPP
APP
Docker
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• ThisistheVirtualMachine+Docker• Terms– App:AnyLinuxbasedapplicationorservice.Examples
includeApache,Nginx,nDVRrecorder,VDE,vCMTS.– Docker:Containermanagementsoftware.– LinuxDistro:TheLinuxdistribution.Forexample,
Ubuntu,Centos,Debian,CoreOS, orYocto.– LinuxKernel: InvariantpartofLinux.ProvidesbasicO/S
services:memorymanagement,CPU/processmanagement,filesystems,storage,etc.
– Hypervisor:Avirtualmachinemonitor.ItmaybepartofLinux(kvm)orproprietary(Vmware)
– HAL/DeviceDrivers:Hardwareabstractionlayer.Allowsthekerneltointeracthardwareinacommonway.
– VirtualHardware: Hardwaresimulatedinsoftware.– Hardware: Physicaldevices,forexampletheCPU,
memory,storage,USB,etc.
• LinuxDistro(withdashedborder)maynotbepresentifanon-Linuxbasedhypervisorisused.
DockeronaVirtualMachine
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Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel/Hypervisor
LinuxDistro
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
LinuxDistro
APP
LinuxDistro
APP
APPDocker
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
LinuxDistro
APP
LinuxDistro
APP
APPDocker
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• KubernetesallowyoutomanageaclusterofDockermachines
• DockerissoftwarethatrunsontopofLinux• Terms– Kubernetes:Containerclustermanagementsystem.
– Docker:Containermanagementsoftware.– App:AnyLinuxbasedapplicationorservice.LinuxDistro:TheLinuxdistribution.Forexample,Ubuntu,Centos,Debian,CoreOS,orYocto
– LinuxKernel: InvariantpartofLinux.ProvidesbasicO/Sservices:memorymanagement,CPU/processmanagement,filesystems,storage,etc.
– HAL/DeviceDrivers:Hardwareabstractionlayer.Allowsthekerneltointeracthardwareinacommonway.
– Hardware: Physicaldevices,forexampletheCPU,memory,storage,USB,etc.
KubernetesClusteronBareMetal
September2017 19
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
LinuxDistro
Kubernetes
LinuxDistro
APP
APPKubernetes
Docker
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
LinuxDistro
Kubernetes
LinuxDistro
APP
APPKubernetes
Docker
Hardware
HAL/DeviceDrivers
LinuxKernel
LinuxDistro
LinuxDistro
Kubernetes
LinuxDistro
APP
APPKubernetes
Docker
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Cloud(e.g.OpenStack)
• Managesaclusterofvirtualmachinesandcomputingrecourses• Terms– VM– virtualmachine– Hypervisor:Avirtualmachinemonitor.MaybepartofLinux(kvm)orproprietary(Vmware)– BlockStorage:Astoragesystemthataccessinformationin“blocks.”Thisisbasicallyatraditionalfilesystem.Afileismadeupofaseriesofblocks.Randomaccessisallowed.
– ObjectStore: (e.g.SwiftorCEPH)Astoragesystemthataccessesinformationatthe“object”level.(e.g.theWHOLEfile).Randomaccessisnotallowed.
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• Leftasanexerciseforthereader
KubernetesintheCloud
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• AmazonWebServices(AWS)• MicrosoftAzure• GoogleCloudPlatform
CommercialClouds
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• VirtualMachinetechnologyallows“anyoperatingsystem”torunonacomputer– ExamplesincludeKVM,VMware,Xen
• Containertechnologiesisalightweightalternativetovirtualmachinesoftware,butisconstrainedtoasingleLinuxkernel.– ExamplesincludeDockerandrkt (Rocket).
• AClusterorCloudisacollectionofcomputerthatamanagedasacommonresource.– ForvirtualmachinesexamplesincludeOpenStackandVSphere
– ForContainersexamplesincludeKubernetesandDockerStorm
TakeAwayConcepts
September2017 23
KubernetesCluster
VirtualMachineDocker
BareMetal
VirtualDocker
VirtualKubernetes
CloudDocker
Cloud
CloudKubenetes
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SDN&NFV
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WhatisSDN andNFV?
• SDNseparatesdataandcontrolandmanagementplanetoenable:– Asoftwareprogrammablenetwork– Acentralizedcontrollerwithdynamicmanagementandprovisioning– Reuseofparitycontrolfeaturesovermultipleaccesstechnologies– Dynamiccreation,modificationanddeletionofservices
• NFVdecouplesSWfromHWtoenable:– UsingCOTShardwareandopensoftware– Dynamicresourceandservicemanagement– Reuseofparityforwardingfeaturesovermultipleaccesstechnologies– Definingefficientnetworkandservicechains
29September2017 OverviewofPONTechnologiesandSystemArchitecturesforSCTE 25
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WhataretheDriversbehindSDN/NFV?(1of2)
• ElasticityandScalabilityEnablebySystemModularity(DisaggregationofCCAP&OLT)– Disaggregation:SeparationofHardwareandSoftwareFunctionalBlocks
• (PHY,MAC/PHY,TrafficManagement/ServiceGateway,SwitchFabric/Backplane,Control,WAN/NSILink)– SeparationofControlandDataPlanes– Separatingthenetworkfunctionsallowsplacementofcapacitywhereandwhenneeded
• (IOcapacityforaccesslayerlikePON,P2PEthernet,DOCSIS,etc.whereandwhenneeded)
• AgilityEnablingTimeToMarket– ServiceCreationandProvisioningAutomation– End-to-endAnalyticsassistsindeterminingresourceservicecapacity– Consistentservicesandfeaturesacrossvendorsandaccesstechnologies(DOCSIS,PON,Ethernet,Wireless)
• OpenPlatformEcosystem– NoProprietarySystemVendorsoftwareorprotocols– SystemVendor,NetworkOperators,andCommunitydevelopfeatures/applications– AutomateOAM&P– Interoperability– Innovation
29September2017 OverviewofPONTechnologiesandSystemArchitecturesforSCTE 26
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WhataretheDriversbehindSDN/NFV?(2of2)
• ReduceCAPEX– COTSswitches,servers,storage,computeelements– Reducedheadendestate,powerandcooling– Abilitytoscaleperdemandandintegrateonlyneededfunctions– Newpricingoptionsusinglicensespersubscriber,throughput,featuresenable(pay-as-you-grow)– OpenSoftwareplatformsfrommultiplevendors
• ReduceOPEX– Reducedheadendpowerandcooling– Zerotouchprovisioningandprogrammablenetworksandserviceswithreducedcomplexity– End-to-endvisibility,analyticsandserviceassuranceorchestration– Dynamicandefficientresourcemanagement(selfhealing/optimizingnetworks)– StandardAPIs,controlandmanagementinterfaces
• AgileServicesandNewBusinessModels– Abstractedservicemodelsandautomatednetworksforshortenedserviceintegration– EnhancedQoEandcustomerandbusinessportals– Cloudbasedapplicationsandabstractedservicemodelsforbusinesstobusinessservices– Centralizedcontrolofdistributedfunctionsdirectedandcomposedbyservicespecificrequirements
29September2017 OverviewofPONTechnologiesandSystemArchitecturesforSCTE 27
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Kubernetes
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Kubernetes
• Kubernetesisarobustopensourcesoftwareplatformformanagingthedeployment,scalingandlifecycleofapplicationcontainers
• Kubernetesisafield-provenorchestrationsolutionforverylargescalesystemscomprisedofhugenumbersofcontainers
• Kubernetesfeatures– Automaticallyplacescontainersonnodesbasedontheiridentifiedresourcerequirementsandconstraints– Provideshighavailabilitybymonitoringnodestodetectfailuresandre-loadingcontainersontonewnodes– Deliversbothrollingupgradesandrollbackforapplicationswhileensuringcontinuousup-timeoperation
• Kubernetesoftenshortenedtobe“K8s”inliterature– Kfollowedby8lettersandans.
29September2017
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KubernetesConcepts
• Node =aphysicalorvirtualmachinewhereapplicationcontainersmayberun• Pod =asetofoneormoreapplicationcontainersthataremanagedcollectivelyasagroup• Kubelet =theKubernetesagentthatrunsonaNodeandensuresthatthePods(applicationcontainers)thatshouldbepresentontheNodearerunningandhealthy
• Label =asemantictagusedtoidentifyPodcharacteristicsandcontrolhowPodsaremappedontoNodes– MaylabelaPodwithanameandaversionnumbertoeasilydetermineitsroleandspecificapplicationversionsrunninginthePod
– CanlabelaNodetoidentifykeycharacteristicsthatmayberequiredtoruncertainPodsandthenlabelthePodtoonlyrunonmatchingNodes
• Service =asetofoneormorePodsthatcanbereliablyaccessedexternallytoprovideafunctiontootherPods– Bydefault,asPodsarecreatedanddestroyedtheirIPaddressesmaychange– IdentifyingaPodaspartofaServiceensuresthatitcanbeconsistentlyaccessedatalltimes
30September2017
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Pods
• AKubernetespodisagroupofoneormorecontainerswhichareco-locatedonagroupofcores onthesamemachine,canshareresourcesandhaveauniqueIPaddress.
• Theprimaryreasontodecomposeintocontainersasmuchaspossibleisformodularity– Acontainercanbeswappedoutwithadifferentversion– Acontainercanbereusedinadifferentpod– anindependentreusablecomponent
• Separatecontainerscanshareresourceslikememory• ApodistheatomicunitofschedulinginaKubernetescluster.• Apodhasasetofdatavolumeswhoselifeislongerthanthatofthecontainers.– Anythinginthecontaineristransient.– PersistentdatamustbeinexternalNetworkAttachedStorage.
• Anamespaceissharedamongallthecontainersinapodtoconnectthemtogetherviaalocalhosttomakeconfigurationmuchsimpler.Differentcontainerswithinapodcanallseeeachotheronlocalhostbecausetheysharethesamenetworknamespace.
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PuttingItAllTogether
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High-LevelMSOSDN/NFVArchitecturefor10GEPON
SwitchFabric
10GEthernetusingDWDMwithMACsec
ServerFarms
S-LeafSwitch LeafSwitch(ToR)
SpineSwitch SpineSwitch
40G– 100GEthernet
WDM
LeafSwitch(ToR) CoreRouter
10G/40G100G
vRouter
vCCAP
vCPE DHCP
TFTP
RADIUSOtherVNFs
OtherPNFs
SDNController
ServiceandResourceOrchestration
ApplicationLayer
OSS/BSSSubscriber/ServiceDatabaseNetworkInventory Policy
Analytics/Service
Assurance/Business
Intelligence
OtherServices/Applications
IPVideoApps
UnderlayandOverlayController
ServiceManager
VideoServer
Controllers
IP-HSDApps
Business/MEFApps
SwitchRouter
Controllers
RADController
ServiceOrchestrator
vManagervCoreVNFM
vCoreEMS
SDN-O NFV-OOrchestratorCommon GlobalService-OvManagerLifeCycleManager
33September2017
vCoreCCAPCore
LeafSwitch(ToR)100GEthernet
P-OLT(PhysicalOLT)PNF(PhysicalNetworkFunctions)
10G/40G100G
RPHY
WDM
S-LeafSwitch
WDM
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LogicalFunctionsinaCCAPCORE
CCAPCORE
DOCSISCore SCTE55-1CoreVideoCore SCTE55-2
Core
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DisaggregatedFunctionsinavCORE
vCore SoftSCTE55-1CoreSoftVideoCore SoftSCTE55-2
Core
• AvCMTS isonlypartofthesolution
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vCore Architecture:Combineddataandcontrolplanes
September2017 36
vCoreControlPlane
vCoreDataplane
DOCSISMACDomainControl
PacketCableARP/NDProxy CableSrc Verify
MACLearning
IPv6PrefixDelegation DHCPRelayTFTPRelay
L2VPNMgrMulticastMgmt
VideoEdge(SDV/VoD/Bcast)
IKE/IPsec
RPDMgmt(GCP,L2TPv3)
Routing&Forwarding
LACP(LAG)
ICMP
PacketClassification
IngressACL
ProtocolThrottling
ServiceFlowQoS
USMapper
CCFPacketReassembly
USBondingResequencing
DSDEPIencapsulation
USUEPIdecapsulation
L2VPNFWD
VLANEncapsulation
VideoQoS
DSFramer
VideoEncryption
EgressACL
MulticastReplication
Policing
Shaping Telemetry
ProactiveNetworkMaintenance
PacketSniffer
ChannelLoadBalancing
BPIencryption
VideoTiming
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SGmobility
• Thenumberofcoresassignedtoacontainercouldbereducedsignificantlyduringperiodsoflowutilization(e.g.nighttime).– Otherworkloadscouldberunonthefreedupcores– Alternatively,allSGsinacontainercouldbemovedtoanothercontaineronadifferentserversothatthecurrentcontainer(andsubsequentlytheserver)couldbeshutdown.
• MovinganSGtoadifferentcontainerisdisruptivetoin-progresspacketflows– AllSGdataneedstobecopiedintoanewcontainer– AllpacketqueuesassociatedwiththeSGneedtobedrainedbeforethenewcontainertakesover– Theswitchingoveroftrafficstreamsinswitches,drainingofpacketqueuesforSFs,restartingofschedulinginthenewcontainer,etc,issynchronizedbyvManager
• Forredundancy,eachSGinacontainercanbesparedbyadifferentPODsothebasicmobilityunitisanSG
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vCore Sparing
• vCorePODsparingconsistsofasparevCoreKubernetesPODthatisconfiguredtoshadowanactivevCoreKubernetesPOD.
• EachsparevCoreKubernetesPODcollectsandprocesscheckpointmessagesfromitsactivepartner.
• Thisarrangementallowsforstateandservicestobemaintainedacrossfailures– In-transitmediapacketsmightbelostforabrieftimeduringanactiveswitch;butalldevicesremainupandstable
• Thisarrangementcanfacilitate:– Hitlessupgrade:Shutdownspareonoldrelease;bringupnewspareonnewrelease;allowallcheckpointupdates;switchoveractivevCorefromoldreleasetonewsparecopyonnewrelease;shutdownoldreleaseandbringupspareofnewreleaseinitsplace;allowallcheckpointupdates;optionally,switchactivevCorebacktooriginalnode;shutdownformerlyactiveandrecreatespare.
– LoadBalancing:MovementofvCoresforLoadBalancingcanbeaccomplishedthruvCoreSparing– EnergyManagement:MovementofvCoresforEnergyManagementcanbeaccomplishedthruvCoreSparing
• SparevCorePODscanbeplacedonadedicatednodeoronnodessharedwithactivePODs.
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TheDiurnalUtilizationCyclewithvCorescalingGeneralTrend
5:00PM 7:24PM 9:48PM 12:12AM 2:36AM 5:00AM 7:24AM 9:48AM 12:12PM 2:36PM 5:00PM
BROAD
BANDUT
ILIZAT
ION
TIMEOFDAY
• vCoretellsvManagerreachingthroughputthreshold.• vManagerrequestsadditionalcoresfromVIM• VIMgrantsapprovalforadditionalcores(Δ seconds)• vManageradjustscontainertoutilizeadditionalcores
• vCoretellsvManagerofovercapacitythreshold.• vManageradjustscontainertoreducecores• vManagernotifiesVirtualInfrastructureManager(VIM)
ofadditionalcoresforinventory
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ThankYou!
September2017 40