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2 nd semester Grammar book By: Tyler Tracy
18

2nd semester grammar book

Jul 19, 2015

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Page 1: 2nd semester grammar book

2nd semester Grammar book

By: Tyler Tracy

Page 2: 2nd semester grammar book

Contents

• Imperfecto• Preterite

– -car, -gar, -zar– Spock– Cucaracha– Snake/Snake

• Modal verbs• Los Averbos• Progressive Tense

– Present– Past

• Future Tense– Irregulares

• Superlatives• Formal commands• Prepositions• Conditional• Demonstratives

Page 3: 2nd semester grammar book

El Imperfecto

• Yo

• Tu

• El/ ella

• Nosotros

• Vosotros

• Ellos/Ellas

Ar

• aba

• Abas

• Aba

• Abamos

• Abais

• aban

er

• ia

• Ias

• Ia

• Iamos

• Iais

• Ian

ir

• ia

• Ias

• Ia

• Iamos

• Iais

• ian

Page 4: 2nd semester grammar book

Irregular preterite: -car, -gar, -zar

preterite tocar Jugar comenzar

Ar/er&ir -car -gar -zar

e/I Toque* Jugue* Comence*

Aste/iste Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

o/o Toco* Jugo* Comenzo*

Amos/imos Tocamos Jugamos Comenzaoms

Aron/ieron Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

* Means hyphen over last letter

Page 5: 2nd semester grammar book

Spock

Dar

Ver

FuiFuiste

FueFuimosFueron

HiceHistaHizo

HicimosHicieron

Page 6: 2nd semester grammar book

Cucaracha

• Andar: Anduv-

• Estar: Estuv-

• Poder: Pud-

• Poner: Pus-

• Querer: Quis-

• Saber: Sup-

• Tener: Tuv-

• Venir: Vin-

• Yo: -e

• Tu: -iste

• El/Ella: -o

• Nosotros: -imos

• Vosotros: -isteis

• Ellos: -ieron

Page 7: 2nd semester grammar book

Cucaracha’s cont.

• Decir: Dijo-

• Traer: Traj-

• Conducir: Conduj-

• Producir: Produj-

• Traducir: Traduj-

With these, when there is an ‘I’ that begins the conjugation, you drop the ‘I’

• Yo: -e

• Tu: -iste

• El/Ella: -o

• Nosotros: -imos

• Vosotros: -isteis

• Ellos: -ieron

Page 8: 2nd semester grammar book

Snake/Snake

Page 9: 2nd semester grammar book

Modal Verbs

• Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

• Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)

• Querer + infinitive (want to do something)

• Deber + infinitive (should do something)

• Tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)

• Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)

• Necesitar + infinitive

Page 10: 2nd semester grammar book

Los Adverbos

• Add –mente to all the verbs

– Feliz=Happy

– Felizmente= Happily

• Change into feminine form (-a)

– Lento=Slow

– Lentamenta=Slowly

Page 11: 2nd semester grammar book

Progressive Tense(present and past)

-ando-ar

-iendoer

-yendoir

Estoy* Estas* Esta*

Estamos Estais* Estan

Present

Past

Page 12: 2nd semester grammar book

Future Tense*=accent mark over the vowel

Yo -e*

-as*

-a*

-emos

-an*

Infinitive +

Page 13: 2nd semester grammar book

Future Irregulares

These conjugate with future tense(on previous slide)

Decir Dir- Hacer Har-

Poner Pondr- Salir Saldr-

Tener Tendr- Valer Vendr-

Querer Querr- Saber Sabr-

Poder Podr-

Page 14: 2nd semester grammar book

Superlatives

• Use when giving most or least of something

• Mas + Adjective = The Most…

• Menos + Adjective = The Least…

Page 15: 2nd semester grammar book

Formal Commands

• Put into yo form

• Change the vowel

– -ar goes to “e”

– -Er/-ir goes to “a”

Page 16: 2nd semester grammar book

Prepositions

• Abajo-Below• Arriba-Up• Debajo-Beneath• Dentro-Within• Encima-Above• Fuera-outside• Detras-Behind• Lejos-far away• De lante-in front• Izquierda-left• Derecha-right

Page 17: 2nd semester grammar book

Conditional

• Don’t conjugate• -ar, -er, and –ir.• Always an accent over the first I.

• Ex: Hablar– Hablaria– Hablarias– Hablaria– Hablariamos– Hablariais– Hablarian

yo

• -ia

tu

• -ias

el

• -ia

Nosotos

• -iamos

Vosotros

• -iais

Ellos

• -ian

Page 18: 2nd semester grammar book

Demonstratives

This That That Over There

Este(m); Esta(f) Ese(m); Esa(f) Aquel(m); Aquella(f)

This That That over there

Estos(m); Estas(f) Esos(m); Esas(f) Aquellos(m); Aquellas(f)

Singular

Plural

• Are placed before the noun and agree in number and gender with the noun.• Ex: this restaurent= este restaurante

• Aqui*- Here• Alli*- There• Alla*- Over there

• * = Accent marks on last letter