I d i R Introduction to Remote Sensing Sensing and Its Application for Natural Resource Management P tb Present by: Dr.Weerakaset Suanpaga D.Eng(RS&GIS-candidate) 1 Contents Contents • Concept of Remote Sensing Concept of Remote Sensing • Overview of Remote Sensing Technology • Application of Remote Sensing • Application of Remote Sensing Remote sensing Remote sensing 2_2007 2007 2 What is Remote Sensing ? What is Remote Sensing ? “Remote Sensing is defined as the science and technology by hh h f b which characteristics of objects of interest can be identified of interest can be identified without direct contact” Remote sensing Remote sensing 2_2007 2007 3 Type of remote sensing Type of remote sensing Type of remote sensing Type of remote sensing • Optical remote sensing Optical remote sensing – High resolution (Quick bird, IKONOS, LANDSAT, SPOT, High resolution (Quick bird, IKONOS, LANDSAT, SPOT, THEOS THEOS (Thailand Earth Observation System) (Thailand Earth Observation System) ) – Moderate or Low resolution (Terra Moderate or Low resolution (Terra-MODIS,NOAA) MODIS,NOAA) • Non Optical remote sensing Non Optical remote sensing (Microwave) (Microwave) - Passive Sensor Passive Sensor Passive Sensor Passive Sensor - Active Sensor Active Sensor • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) • Real Aperture Radar (RAR) Real Aperture Radar (RAR) • Real Aperture Radar (RAR) Real Aperture Radar (RAR) • Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) Remote sensing Remote sensing 2_2007 2007 4
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I d i RIntroduction to Remote SensingSensing
and Its Application for NaturalppResource Management
P t bPresent by:Dr.Weerakaset Suanpagap gD.Eng(RS&GIS-candidate)
11
ContentsContents
• Concept of Remote SensingConcept of Remote Sensing• Overview of Remote Sensing
Technology• Application of Remote Sensing• Application of Remote Sensing
Remote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 22
What is Remote Sensing ?What is Remote Sensing ?“Remote Sensing is defined as the science and technology by
h h h f bwhich characteristics of objects of interest can be identifiedof interest can be identified without direct contact”
Remote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 33
Type of remote sensingType of remote sensingType of remote sensingType of remote sensing
Remote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 55Landsat 7 ETM+ Image around Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru
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Remote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 77
Mic o a eMic o a e RS (Non optical)RS (Non optical)MicrowaveMicrowave--RS (Non optical)RS (Non optical)
JERS1-OPS JERS1-sar( i i )
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(Optical sensor) (active microwave sensor)
Remote Sensing SystemRemote Sensing SystemSatellite RemoteSensing - EarthObservationBroad Area
Quick,180 kmx180km30 secRepetitive
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Architecture of orbital systemArchitecture of orbital systemArchitecture of orbital systemArchitecture of orbital system•• Low earth orbit (LEO)Low earth orbit (LEO)•• Low earth orbit (LEO)Low earth orbit (LEO) T<T<25 25 min , h<min , h<66,,000 000 kmkmEarth sensing, some communication Human space flightEarth sensing, some communication Human space flight
•Altitude of Geo-stationary Satellite 35,800km•Speed of light 300 000km/sec•Speed of light 300,000km/sec•Speed of Satellite ( relative to the earth ) 6 5km/sec = 23 400km/hour Jet Passenger
Remote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 1515Landsat 7 ETM+ Image around Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru
Emitted EnergyEmitted Energy
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Thermal RSThermal RS• This thermal imagery represents ai l i i i ( i lsingle point in time (approximately
10:15 AM) and shows the temperatureof the water surface only The thermalof the water surface only. The thermalsignature is derived from the ThematicMapper of Landsat 4,5 and 7.pp• The image is stretched from -2 to 28degrees Celsius.The color bar belowh th l i ti dhas the scale in centigrade.
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Scattered Energygy
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Radar RSRadar RS
This radar image shows the dramatic landscape in the Phang Hoei Range ofnorth central Thailand, about 40 kilometers (25 miles) northeast of the city ofLom Sak The image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/Xband
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Lom Sak. The image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/XbandSynthetic Aperture (SIR-C/X-SAR) imaging radar on October 3, 1994
LANDSATLANDSATA number of sensors haveA number of sensors havebeen on board the Landsatseries of satellites, includingthe Return Beam Vidiconthe Return Beam Vidicon(RBV) camera systems, theMultiSpectral Scanner (MSS)
t d th Th tisystems, and the ThematicMapper (TM)
Phnom Penh, Cambodia 1973, 1985
Phnom Penh (pronounced p-NOM PEN) is Phnom Penh (pronounced p NOM PEN) is the capital city of Cambodia. These images showPhnom Penh the Mekong River and some
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Phnom Penh, the Mekong River, and someirrigation works of the Khmer Rouge era.(Source information from USGS)
(TM) has been added to Landsats 4 (1982), 5 (1984),6 (failed to attain orbit during launch and thus has never returned
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to attain orbit during launch and thus has never returned data) and 7 (1999).
The SPOT satellites each have twin highresolution visible (HRV) imagingsystems, which can be operatedindependently and simultaneously
SPOTThe image shows the temple complexof Angkor. The large bluish-blackrectangle is the Western Baray(reservoir), part of Angkor’s famousirrigation system The large square toirrigation system. The large square toits east is Angkor Thom, a fortifiedcity. The brown spot at the centre ofthe square is the Bayon, amonumental structure. To its south isthe fabled temple of Angkor Wat,surrounded by a wide moat. Othertemples and the Eastern Baray aretemples and the Eastern Baray arelocated round the complex. The roadrunning south from Angkor Wat goesto the nearby town of Siem Reap. The
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wide bluish strip to the south is theflooded lake of Tonlé Sap
SPOT Satellite SystemSPOT Satellite System
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SPOT satellite spectral bands andSPOT satellite spectral bands and resolutions
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SPOT 3D Terrain DatabaseSample Image in Kosovohttp://www.spot.com/home/proser/LISTVIEW/3d_terrain/3d_terrain.HTM
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ASTERASTER
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is an imaging instrument thatReflection Radiometer) is an imaging instrument that is flying on Terra, a satellite launched in December 1999 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System1999 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS).
ASTER will be used to obtain detailed maps of land surfacetemperature, emissivity, reflectance and elevation. The EOStemperature, emissivity, reflectance and elevation. The EOSplatforms are part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, whosegoal is to obtain a better understanding of the interactionsbetween the biosphere hydrosphere lithosphere and
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between the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere andatmosphere.
ASTER Inst ment Cha acte isticsASTER Instrument Characteristics
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ASTER InstrumentASTER InstrumentNadir Looking Telescope - The VNIRsubsystem nadir looking telescope is areflecting-refracting improved Schmidtreflecting refracting improved Schmidtdesign. The focal plane of this telescopecontains three 5000 silicon charge coupleddetector line arrays The nadir anddetector line arrays. The nadir andbackward looking telescope pair are usedfor same orbit stereo imaging and can berotated as a unit +/ degrees to providerotated as a unit +/- 24 degrees to provideextensive cross-track pointing capability
The VNIR subsystem produces by far the highest data rate of the threeASTER imaging subsystems. With all four bands operating (3 nadir
d 1 b k d) th d t t i l di i d t l t l
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and 1 backward) the data rate including image data, supplementalinformation and subsystem engineering data is 62 Mbps.
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ALOS (ALOS (2003)Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) hasAdvanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) hasbeen designed for cartography, regional observation,disaster monitoring, and resource surveying.g, y g�
- Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM)� -Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR 2)
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(AVNIR-2)� -Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR)
PRISM on ALOSPRISM on ALOS
• Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for StereoMapping (PRISM)pp g ( )• It has three independent catoptric systems for nadir,forward and backward looking to achieve along-trackstereoscope.
Each telescope consists of three mirrors and se eral• Each telescope consists of three mirrors and severalCCD detectors for push-broom scanning.• Nadir-looking telescope provides 70 km widthcoverage and forward and backward 35 km.g• Forward and backward telescopes are inclined about+-24 degrees from nadir to realize base to height ratio =1.• Its 2 5 meter resolution data will be used for• Its 2.5-meter resolution data will be used forextracting highly accurate digital elevation model(DEM).
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PRISM/ALOS 2 5 Si l ti IPRISM/ALOS 2.5m Simulation Images
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IKONOS Satellite
The launch on September 24 1999 of Space
IKONOS Satellite
The launch on September 24, 1999 of SpaceImaging's IKONOS commercial remotesensing satellite including the deployment ofsensing satellite, including the deployment ofits digital camera system designed and builtby Kodak marks the beginning of the longawaitedby Kodak, marks the beginning of the longawaitedera of one-meter resolution Earth imaging
The integrated imaging payload is enabling IKONOS toThe integrated imaging payload is enabling IKONOS tocollect panchromatic (gray-scale) image data of Earth toone-meter resolution; and multi-spectral data (red, green,
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p ( gblue, and near infrared) to 4 meter resolution.
Sample IKONOS Data Set of the Study area partSample IKONOS Data Set of the Study area part (Sukumvit)
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QuickBird SatelliteQuickBird SatelliteQuickBird was launched on 18 October 2001.This is currently the highest resolutioncommercial satellite data available.
panchromatic (black and white) and 2.44-meter (8-foot)multispectral (color) imagery At 61-centimeter resolutionmultispectral (color) imagery. At 61-centimeter resolution,buildings, roads, bridges and other detailed infrastructurebecome visible. The imagery will be used for a wide range ofg y gapplications, focusing on the assessment and management ofland, infrastructure, and natural resources.
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QuickQuickBird 0.62metermeter
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Comparison of Spatial ResolutionComparison of Spatial Resolution
High-Reso Satellite KONOS 1 meter Low-Reso, High-TemporalHigh Reso Satellite KONOS 1 meter Low Reso, High TemporalNOAA/AVHRR 1 km
Remote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 4646
TRMM (TRMM (1997-)Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite is anTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite is anearth observation satellite carrying five instruments in order tomake a global measurement of the tropical and sub-tropicalrainfall which comprises more than two-thirds of globalrainfall.
•Precipitation Radar (PR)•� Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy� Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES)•� TRMM μwave Imager(TMl)� Vi ibl d I f d S (VIRS)•� Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS)
•� Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)
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Data Example TRMMData Example - TRMM
TRMM: PR, TMI, and VIRS are sensors for measuring the rain. PR and TMI which can directly see the rain through cloudPR and TMI, which can directly see the rain through cloud, are primary instruments for
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Rainfall distributions in January 1998 and 1999
Characteristics of R/SCharacteristics of R/S
• Wide Area global 1 scene 185*185km• Quick 1 scene in 25sec• Multi Temporal Every 16days Multi Temporal Every 16days• Multi Spectral 8 bands• Computer fit digital data - algorithm• Map Projection UTM• Map Projection UTM• Example of Landsat 7 Satellite
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Trade off in PerformanceTrade-off in Performance• Spatial Resolution ( 1 observation unit on ground surface ) Spatial Resolution ( 1 observation unit on ground surface )• 30 m - 250km - 1km• Temporal Resolution• 16 days - 1day• Spectral Resolution
7 h l 36 h l• 7 channel vs 36 channel• Observation Extent– 185 km vs 2,300km185 km vs 2,300km• S/N– 8bits vs 10bits• cost– 1 scene 800US$ vs Free ( Broadcast )
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Basic Geometryo y
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SAR image of Mt. Mayon in PhilippinesSAR image of Mt. Mayon in Philippines(20 May 1996)
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Advantage of RSAdvantage of RS• Wide Coverage, Periodical Observation
V i t f Ob i M th d• Variety of Observing Method• Multi-resolution – Multi-temporal – Multi-spectral• Global Environment – Local Application• Global Environment Local Application• Application Field• Hydrology, Oceanography, Global Env. Study, CO2• Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Ecological Mapping• Coastal zone management, Health Management, Energy
Fi e Oil spill Volcano Ea thq ake Flood Ice• Fire, Oil-spill, Volcano, Earthquake, Flood, Ice,• Land use mapping, Cadastral Mapping, Topographic Map,
ChangegDetection• Military
U i l b d t di d t d li it tiRemote sensing Remote sensing 22__20072007 5353
• Use wisely by understanding advantage and limitation
of Engineering and Technology AIT Thailandof Engineering and Technology AIT Thailandof Engineering and Technology ,AIT Thailand.of Engineering and Technology ,AIT Thailand.
Suggested Web Sites:Suggested Web Sites:gggg•• AUSLIG AUSLIG (http://www.auslig.gov.au/)(http://www.auslig.gov.au/)•• Space ImagingSpace Imaging (http://www spaceimage com/)(http://www spaceimage com/)•• Space ImagingSpace Imaging (http://www.spaceimage.com/)(http://www.spaceimage.com/)•• Australian Bureau of MeteorologyAustralian Bureau of Meteorology
JPL R d SitJPL R d Sit•• JPL Radar SiteJPL Radar Site(http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/radar/sircxsar/)(http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/radar/sircxsar/)A t li l i l S O i tiA t li l i l S O i ti
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•• Australian geological Survey OrganizationAustralian geological Survey Organization(http://www.agso.gov.au/)(http://www.agso.gov.au/)