2.History of Extension

HISTORY OF EXTENSIONDistant Origins

1800 B.C. - in Mesopotamia (now Iraq). Unearthed clay tablets reveal advice on watering crops and getting rid of rats.

Some Egyptian hieroglyphics also show advice on avoiding crop damage and loss of life from the Nile river. Similar texts on agricultural advice dating back to Greek, Phoenicians and Roman civilizations were found.

Birth of Modern Agricultural Extension Services According to historical documents, potato late blight infested Ireland potato farms that brought vast devastation to the country in 1845. Earl of Clarendon sent a letter to the President of the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland requesting to initiate changes in the cropping system and husbandry practices of the impoverished Irish small farmers.

Beginnings of Extension in Europe1840s the term university extension or extension of the university was first recorded in Britain.1867- 68 -first practical steps to institutionalizing extension in a college when James Stuart, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, gave lectures to womens associations and mens clubs in North of England.- James Stuart is often considered to be the father of university extension.

1871 - Stuart appealed to the authorities of the University of Cambridge to organize extension lectures under the universitys supervision. 1873 - extension education was introduced by Cambridge University in England to describe an educational innovation done outside the university

1876 - London University followed Cambridge in adopting the system

1878 - Oxford University also adopted the innovation

1862 - Department of Agriculture and the Land Grant Universities were established through federal legislation in the USA.

-Morrill Act, signed by Abraham Lincoln, provided mechanisms for agricultural education.

- The Act stipulated that each state would set aside acreage of federal land and that income derived from the property would support a state college or university for teaching agriculture and the mechanic arts

1887 - the Hatch Act was instituted to provide funds for state agricultural experiment stations.

Agricultural extension became widespread in the USA towards the end of the 19th century

The term agricultural extension was finally adopted in the U.S when the federal Smith-Lever Act of 1914 called for the establishment of the Cooperative Extension Service a tripartite cooperation of federal, state and local county governments with the state college as the extension agency

-The transfer of the US land grant model of extension to the Third World was an offshoot of the US reparation movement, which aimed at rehabilitating war-torn ally countries in the 1950s. - Agricultural extension was brought by external assistance with US extension experts serving as consultants or advisers to Latin America, African, and Asian countries.

Extension in the Philippines Spanish Regime- Extension work in the Philippines began as early as 1565 with the setting up of model farms or Granjas Modelos by the first Spanish missionaries in Negros Occidental for sugarcane, in Pampanga for rice, and in Isabela for tobacco.

American Regime

October 8, 1901 beginning of extension work during the American regime.April 30, 1902 - Bureau of Agriculture was established. July 1910 -The Demonstration and Extension Division (DED) was established within the Bureau. DED became the first formally organized government institute to implement research and extension programs.

1929- Bureau of Agriculture was reorganized and the Bureaus of Plant Industry and Animal Industry were formed. - The Agricultural Extension Division was transferred under the Bureau of Plant Industry.

1936- Commonwealth Act No. 85 under president Manuel L. Quezon established the Provincial Extension services to widen the reach of extension services.

1942-1945 ( Japanese Occupation) Home economics and agricultural extension works in the provinces were paralyzed.

1947- Home Extension Unit was fused with Agricultural Extension Unit of the Bureau of Plant Industry. The research function was left to the Plant Utilization Division.

July 16, 1952- RA No. 680 established the Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx). - This move is based on the Bell Report which recommended the consolidation of scattered extension services provided by the different government bureaus. - BAEx became responsible for all the extension activities of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources.

1963 - Republic Act No. 3844 or the Agricultural Land Reform Code was signed into law and BAEx was renamed Agricultural Productivity Commission (APC).

May 2, 1973- Masagana 99 Program was launched. Under the program research results generated in experiment stations and applied research conducted in farmers fields were put together in a 16-simple-step package of production technology.

1982 - EO No. 803 established an integrated management system for agricultural services and inputs. - The province was designated as the political unit of management for inducing agricultural development, coordination & supervision of operations of various agencies involved in the delivery of agricultural services. - the Integrated Agricultural Research Stations (RIARS) were established to provide technical support to the extension workers.

1987 creation of Agricultural Training Institute thru EO no 116

- BAEx together with the Philippine Agricultural Training Council (PATC) were merged into the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI).

1991 Devolution of Agricultural Extension. The Local Government Code thru Republic Act No. 7160 aims to ensure the delivery of basic services in the agricultural extension system. -The authority to manage and supervise the agricultural extension in the country was decentralized to the local government units (LGUs).

GOD BLESS YOU!!!TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL YOUR HEART AND LEAN NOT ON YOUR OWN UNDERSTANDING, IN ALL YOUR WAYS ACKNOWLEDGE HIM AND HE WILL CROWN YOUR EFFORTS WITH SUCCESS. Proverbs 3:5-6