2.BiologicalClassification

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONBY: S.RATHP.G.T BIOK.V III BBSRhttp://students-learn.blogspot.com

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION-CLASS XI BIOLOGY

CONTENTSFive kingdom classificationMerits of classificationMoneraProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimaliaVirusViroidsLichens


FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATIONLIVING ORGANISMSMONERAPROTISTAPLANTAEANIMALIAFUNGI


FIVE KIGDOM CLASSIFICATION


MERITS OF CLASSIFICATION Prokaryotes are separated from eukaryotsAll unicellular eukaryotic organisms are put in one group.Differentiate heterotrophic fungi from autotrophic green plants.Based on evolutionary relationship.


MONERA(BACTERIA,MYCOPLASMA)


PROTISTA(SINGLE-CELLED EUKARYOTS)


FUNGI(Heterotrophic Eucaryots)


PLANTAEChlorophyll containing multcellular eukaryots.Cell wall made of cellulose.Life cycle shows alternation of generation having gametophytic (n) and sporophytic(2n) phase.


ANIMALIAHeterotrophic multicellular eukaryots.Lack cell wall.Depend on plants directly or indirectly.Stores food reserves as fat or glycogen. Holozoic nutrition.Capable of locomotion.Follow a definite growth pattern.Reproduction is sexual .


VIRUSNoncellular organism.Obligate parasites.Body has protein coat called capsid and genetic material is DNA or RNA.plant viruses have single stranded RNA.animal viruses have double stranded DNA or RNA.Animal disease-mumps,herpes,chicken pox,influenza,aids.Plant diseases-mosaic,leaf rolling,curling,yellowing of leaves.


STRUCTURE OF VIRUS


Lichens, which are commonly found on rocks, bark, or poor soil, are composite organisms made up of a fungus and an alga. The beard lichen seen here growing on a tree, is one of the stalked lichens. It is made up of a central zone of loose fungal filaments, an intermediate zone of algal cells, and an outer zone of compressed fungal filaments.

BEARD LICHEN


VIROIDDiscovered by T O Diener.Smaller than virus.Lacks protein coat.Has a free RNA of low molecular weight.Disease :potato spindle tube


LICHENSymbiotic association of algae and fungi.Algal part is called phycobiont and fungal part is called mycobiont.Phycobiont is autotrophic and prepares food.Mycobiont is heterotrophic.It provides shelter and absorbs mineral and water.It acts as pollution indicator i.e it does not grow in polluted area.


BACTERIA CELL


PROKARYAOTIC CELL


REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI


SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FUNGIPlasmogamy-fusion between two motile or non-motile gametes.sometimes two haploid hyphae come together and fuse.Karyogamy- fusion of two nuclei.in some fungi two haploid cells immediately fuse & form diploid cells.in some a dikaryotic (n+n)occurs which later become diploid.such phase is called dikaryophase.


SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FUNGIMeiosis-fungi form fruiting bodies,zygote undergoes reduction division forming haploid spores.


CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI(spore formation,morphology of mycelium&fruiting bodies)


RHIZOPUS


ASPERGILLUS


ASCOSPORES IN ASCUS


ASCUS


AGARICUS


BASIDIUM CARRYING BASIDIOSPORES


BASIDIUM


COMPARISON OF ASCUS AND BASIDIUM


2.BiologicalClassification

Documents

biological classificationby

heterotrophic fungi

single stranded rna

animal viruses

plant viruses

double stranded dna

animal diseasemumps

lacks protein coat