29. ESP Tranning Manual

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Electrostatic Precipitator[Description & Specification]

KC COTTRELL


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What is ESP ?

• An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a particulate collection device that re

moves particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induce

d electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration

devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and ca

n easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air

stream.

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Invention of ESP

• The first use of corona to remove particles from an aerosol was by Hohlfeld

in 1824. However, it was not commercialized until almost a century later. In

1907 Dr. Frederick G. Cottrell applied for a patent on a device for charging p

articles and then collecting them through electrostatic attraction — the first e

lectrostatic precipitator. He was then a professor of chemistry at the Universi

ty of California, Beekay. Cottrell first applied the device to the collection of sulfuric mist and lead oxide fume emitted from various acid-making and smelt

ing activities. Vineyards in northern california were being adversely affected

by the lead emissions.

Frederick Gardner Cottrell (January 10,1877 - November 16, 1948)

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Principle of ESP

In electricity, a corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by

the ionization of a fluid surrounding a conductor that is electrically

energized. The discharge will occur when the strength (potential gradient)

of the electric field around the conductor is high enough to form a

conductive region, but not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or

arcing to nearby objects.

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Consist of ESP

• An electrostatic precipitator consists of electrically grounded plates

with negatively-charged electrode suspended between them. A gas

stream with particulate (material to be removed) is introduced

between the plates. The electric charge on the electrode creates a

corona field, which imparts a negative charge to the particulate.

• The charged plates are repeatedly struck by rappers installed above

them, dislodging the particulate, which falls into a hopper beneath

the plates. Periodically, the particulate is removed from the hoppers.

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ESP Field Plot

Collecting Electrode Discharge Electrode

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MD II ESP Design Parameters

• 1. Actual Gas Volume : 3,349,721 Am3 /min at 125℃

• 2. Inlet dust loading : 54.72 g/Nm3

• 3. Outlet dust loading : 50.0 mg/Nm3

• 4. Collecting efficiency : 99.91%• 5. Number of ESP : 2 per Unit

• 6. Number of Chamber : 2 per ESP

• 7. Number of Field : 6 per Chamber

• 8. Average Gas Velocity : 1.185m/sec

• 9. Number of Hopper : 12 / Chamber

• 10. Number of Transformer : 6 / Chamber

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Chapter 1(Component of ESP)

• Overall

• Penthouse

• Collecting Electrode

• Discharge Electrode• Perforated Plate

• Hopper

• Nozzle(Plenum)

• Access Door

• Insulator

Rectifier Transformer

Seal Air Blower & Heater

Rapper

Hopper Heater Key Interlock System

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ESP Overall

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1

ESP Overall

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Chapter 1

ESP Overall

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Chapter 1

ESP Overall Drawing

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Chapter 1

ESP Sectional Part

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Penthouse

• Penthouse : a weatherproof, gastight enclose over

the precipitator to contain the high voltage insulator

Chapter 1

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Collecting Electrode

• Collecting Surface : The Individual elements which

make up the collecting system and which collectively

provide the total surface area of the precipitator for the

deposition of dust particles.

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1

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C


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Chapter 1


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Ch t 1


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Chapter 1


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Ch t 1


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Chapter 1

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Ch t 1


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Chapter 1

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Ch t 1


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Discharge Electrode

• Discharge Electrode : the part which is installed in the

high voltage system to perform the function of ionizing

the gas and creating the electrical field.

Chapter 1

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Ch t 1


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Discharge Electrode

Chapter 1

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Ch t 1


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Discharge ElectrodeChapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Chapter 1


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Chapter 1


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Discharge Electrode

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Rapper

• The Magnetic Impulse Gravity Impact (MIGI)rapper is an

electromagnetic device utilizing only one moving part.

Intensity, sequence and cycle time of the rapping blows

are electrically controlled from a control cabinet, enabling

adjustment while the precipitator is in operation.

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Chapter 1


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Rapper

Chapter 1

Discharge Electrode Rapper : a device to makeimpulse to discharge electrode. And impact make

vibration to discharge electrode surface to dislodge the

deposited particles or dust..

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Chapter 1


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Rapper

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Rapping Device

Chapter 1

Rapper Coil

Plunger

Rod Seal

Top Seal PL

Nipple

Rapper Rod

Terminal ox

Phenol Tube &

Base Plate

Coil

over

Coil

Lower

Casing

Hammer

(Plunger)

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Chapter 1


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Rapper Coil

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Perforated Plate

• Perforated Plate : Perforated plates let the gas flow

uniform distribution in ESP. It Helps to prevent reentrant

dusts into the gas by the rapper’s impact

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Perforated Plate

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Perforated Plate

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Hopper

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Plenum

• Plenum : Pressure equalizing chamber

• Distribute gas flow equally.

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Nozzle (Plenum)

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Access Door

• Door : a hinged or detached cover

provided with a hand operated fastening

device where accessibility is required.

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Access Door 1

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Access Door 2

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1


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Insulator

• Support Insulator : a device to physically support and

electrically isolate the high voltage system from ground

• Rapper Insulator : a device to electrically isolate

discharge electrode rappers yet transmit mechanically,

forces necessary to create vibration or shock in the high

voltage system.

Chapter 1

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Support Insulator Chapter 1


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Support Insulator p

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Chapter 1


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Rapper Insulator

Rapper

FRP Shaft

Support ushing

FRP Shaft

p

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Chapter 1


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• Rectif ier Transformer : a unit comprised of a

transformer for stepping up normal service voltages to

voltage in the kilovolt range, and rectifier operating at

high voltage to convert AC to Unidirectional current.

p

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Chapter 1


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p

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Chapter 1


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p

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Chapter 1


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p

SCR(Silicon Controlled Rectifier)

1 2 3 4

1

2

3

4

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Chapter 1


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High Tension Line

H T Line

Insulator

Current flows from transformer rectifier to discharge

electrode through H.T line.

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Chapter 1


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Seal Air Blower & Heater

• Seal air blower & heater are installed to dry & clean

support insulator inside and to seal the Hot-roof from

dirty gas that flows through ESP.

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Chapter 1


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Seal Air Blower

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Chapter 1


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Seal Air Blower

Heated gas from blower flows support

insulator inside

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Chapter 1


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Seal Air Heater

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Chapter 1


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Hopper Heater

Hopper heaters are installed to maintain temperature in

hopper more than dew point.

Heater

Terminal Box

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Vib M tChapter 1


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(VibroMotor-externals)

Vibro Motor

Vibro motors make vibration to shake off the dust fromhopper inside.

(VibroMotor-internals)

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Chapter 1


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Key Interlock System

• Key Interlock system : a safety interlock

system is provided with this equipment to

prohibit entry into a precipitator or high voltage

transformer-rectifier enclose unless all electricalenergizing systems have been de-energized and

ground. The interlock system consists of a series

of key and locks located and sequenced to

prevent personal from coming in direct contactwith any energized high voltage part

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Chapter 1


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Key Interlock System 1

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K I t l k S t 2Chapter 1


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Key Interlock System DWG

Key Interlock System 2

Transformer

Key Box

Access Door

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Ch t 2


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Chapter 2(Description of ESP)

• P&ID(Piping & Instrument Diagram)

• Rapping Control

• Vibrator Control

• Transformer Control

• ESP Start-Up Procedure

• ESP Stop Procedure

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P&ID


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P&ID

• Attachement #2

R C t l


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Rapper Control

The control for the rappers shall be automatic

operation and locally manual operation. The rapper

system shall be interlocked to operate continuously

when steam generator is operating and shall

adequately operate to avoid as such stack puffs andlarge fluctuations in the electrical load. The Supplier

shall describe its arrangement in his contract.

The frequency of the rapping system shall be

readily adjustable. Each electrical field shall beindependently adjustable. All electrical parts of

rapping system shall be out of the gas stream or

protected there from.

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Vib t C t l


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Vibrator Control

The control for the vibrators shall be

sequentially automatic operation and locally

manual operation. Interlocking equipment

furnished by the Supplier shall prevent thevibrators from being operated before the fly

ash removal system comes into operation.

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Transformer Control


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Transformer Control

Each precipitator field shall be continuouslycontrol led to optimize the field voltage while

avoiding damaging levels of arcing and sparking.

The control ler shall have adjustment points to

enable spark rate, HV level, and current levels to beoptimized. Each controller shall have facil ities to

enable a selection ratio of cycles or half cycles to

be inhibited from firing. Firing ratio shall have a

default setting, a manual over-ride and an auto—

variable capability. Local and remote automatic and

local manual control options for the controller shall

be provided.

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ESP Start Up Procedure


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Group Start

Seal Air

Blower Start

Seal Air

Heater Start

Si-Tr Start

Rapper

Start

TIME DELAYT = 2HOUR

Hopper

Heater StartComplete

ESP Start-Up Procedure

Vibro Motor

Start

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ESP Stop Procedure


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Group Stop

Si-TR StopHopper

Heater Stop

Rapper

Stop

Seal Air

Heater Stop

TIME DELAYT = 30min

Seal AirBlower Stop

Complete

ESP Stop Procedure

TIME DELAY

T = 2 Hour

Vibro-motor

Stop

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Ch t 3


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Chapter 3(Reference pictures)

Overall

Foundation Erection

Support structure

Casing

Hopper

Discharge electrode

Transformer rectifier

Rapper Insulation

Electrical

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Overall


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Boryong Power Station(500MWX6) ESP

Overall

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Overall


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Overall

Hsinta Power Station ESP

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Overall


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Overall

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Overall


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Overall

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Foundation Erection


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Foundation Anchor Bolt Erection

Foundation Erection

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Foundation Erection


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Foundation Anchor Bolt Erection

Foundation Erection

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Foundation Erection


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Foundation Pad Erection

Foundation Erection

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Foundation Erection


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Foundation Pad Erection

Foundation Erection

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Support Structure


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Support Structure Erection

Support Structure

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Support Structure


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Support Structure

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Support Structure


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Support Structure

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Casing


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Casing Erection (Side Frame)

Casing

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Casing


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Casing

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Casing


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Casing

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Casing


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Casing

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Hopper


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Hopper Erection (Steam Tracing)

Hopper

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Hopper


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Hopper

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Hopper


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Hopper

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Hopper


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Hopper

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Discharge Electrode


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Discharge Electrode Erection

Discharge Electrode

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Discharge Electrode


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Discharge Electrode

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Discharge Electrode


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Discharge Electrode

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Discharge Electrode


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sc a ge ect ode

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Transformer Rectifier Erection

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Rapper


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Rapper Erection

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Rapper


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Rapper Erection

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Rapper


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Rapper Erection

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Rapper


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Rapper Erection

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Insulation


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Insulation Erection

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Insulation


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Insulation Erection

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Insulation


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Insulation Erection

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Insulation


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Insulation Erection

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Electrical


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Electrical Erection (Cable Tray)

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29. ESP Tranning Manual

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