28 June 1919 Germany signed up to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles formally ending WWI. Who do you think the people are in this picture? What can.

28 June 1919 Germany signed up to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles formally ending WWI. Who do you think the people are in this picture? What can this picture tell us

about reactions of Germans to the way the war was ended ? Why might some Germans have felt optimistic before the

Treaty?

Starter

Reasons for optimismReasons for optimism

Abdication of KaiserAbdication of Kaiser New democratic govtNew democratic govt Expectations the Expectations the

Allies would help the Allies would help the new Weimar Govtnew Weimar Govt

President Wilson’s President Wilson’s desire for fairness – desire for fairness – 14 Points14 Points

Other countries were Other countries were not blamelessnot blameless

?

What do you think Chancellor Ebert was thinking on the eve

of the Paris Peace Conference?

Why did the Why did the Germans hate the Germans hate the

Treaty of Treaty of Versailles?Versailles?

To identify the key terms of To identify the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles and to the Treaty of Versailles and to assess how different Germans assess how different Germans

reacted to themreacted to them

LOs

‘Big Three’, Lloyd-George, Clemenceau & Roosevelt

Lloyd-George Clemenceau Wilson

Watch the film ‘Make Germany Pay’ and answer the

questions your teacher provides

Your taskYour task

War Guilt Reparations

Germany’s colonies Territorial losses

Why did Germans hate the Treaty of

Versailles?

Military restrictions

p.12-13 in your books

War guiltWar guilt

Article 231 of the Treaty stated that Article 231 of the Treaty stated that Germany was to blame for causing the Germany was to blame for causing the war.war.

Why did many Germans resent this clause?Why did many Germans resent this clause?

ReparationsReparations

As Germany was held responsible for the war, the As Germany was held responsible for the war, the allies could claim allies could claim reparationsreparations for the damage for the damage causedcaused

In 1921 a special commission fixed a sum of In 1921 a special commission fixed a sum of £6,600 m. to be paid in annual instalments£6,600 m. to be paid in annual instalments

The Treaty also took away 10% of Germany’s The Treaty also took away 10% of Germany’s industry and 15% of its agricultural landindustry and 15% of its agricultural land

Why did Why did many many Germans Germans complain complain about about reparatioreparations?ns?

Germany’s coloniesGermany’s colonies

Germany’s colonies were handed over to Germany’s colonies were handed over to the the League of NationsLeague of Nations, who gave them , who gave them to Britain and France to runto Britain and France to run

Why did many Germans resent the League of Nations running their Why did many Germans resent the League of Nations running their colonies?colonies?

Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions

Air force was Air force was disbandeddisbanded

Army limited to Army limited to 100,000 soldiers100,000 soldiers

Navy limited to Navy limited to 15,000 sailors, six 15,000 sailors, six battleships and no battleships and no submarinessubmarines

Which country was keen to restrict Germany’s navy? Why?

Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions

Rhineland Rhineland occupied by the occupied by the Allies for 15 yearsAllies for 15 years

No German troops No German troops allowed in this allowed in this areaarea

Why were the Germans Why were the Germans especially unhappy about these especially unhappy about these

terms?terms?

Territorial lossesTerritorial losses

Alsace-Lorraine Alsace-Lorraine returned to Francereturned to France

West Prussia and West Prussia and Posen (Polish Posen (Polish Corridor) lost to Corridor) lost to PolandPoland

Saarland taken Saarland taken over by the League over by the League of Nations for 15 of Nations for 15 yearsyears

Which of the territorial losses would have Which of the territorial losses would have angered the Germans most?angered the Germans most?

Your taskYour task

Read p.18 and list 3 reasons why Read p.18 and list 3 reasons why ordinary Germans felt betrayed by ordinary Germans felt betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles, in other the Treaty of Versailles, in other words ‘stabbed in the back’words ‘stabbed in the back’

Stabbed in the backStabbed in the back

New government of Germany was New government of Germany was weakened by the Treatyweakened by the Treaty

Army leaders felt Germany could Army leaders felt Germany could have won the warhave won the war

The country had been betrayed by The country had been betrayed by politicians and politicians and CommunistsCommunists

Traditionalists felt this would not Traditionalists felt this would not have happened under the Kaiserhave happened under the Kaiser

Your taskYour task

Read about the Kapp Read about the Kapp PutschPutsch from from the History Learning website.the History Learning website. Who was Kapp?Who was Kapp? Why did he stage an uprising?Why did he stage an uprising? Why did it fail?Why did it fail? What does it reveal about the Weimar What does it reveal about the Weimar

Government?Government? How similar / different was it to the How similar / different was it to the

Spartacist Uprising?Spartacist Uprising?

Wolfgang Kapp

Reasons for failure of Kapp Reasons for failure of Kapp PutschPutsch

Kapp: right-wing journalist, hated EbertKapp: right-wing journalist, hated Ebert Aims: establish strong leadership & opposed Aims: establish strong leadership & opposed

VersaillesVersailles Reasons for failure: Reasons for failure:

lack of leadership - General Ludendorff supported lack of leadership - General Ludendorff supported Kapp, but other army leaders did not Kapp, but other army leaders did not

putsch centred on Berlin – didn’t spread to rest of putsch centred on Berlin – didn’t spread to rest of GermanyGermany

Weimar Government continued - able to relocate to Weimar Government continued - able to relocate to DresdenDresden

people tired of revolution - Spartacist Uprising people tired of revolution - Spartacist Uprising occurred 1919occurred 1919

general strikegeneral strike

ExtensionExtension

Can you list any similarities between Can you list any similarities between the Spartacist Uprising and the the Spartacist Uprising and the Kapp Putch?Kapp Putch?

Rosa Luxemburg

Wolfgang Kapp

SIMILARITIESSIMILARITIES Led by Led by

charismatic, charismatic, political extremistspolitical extremists

Disliked govt & Disliked govt & aimed to aimed to overthrow itoverthrow it

Centred on BerlinCentred on Berlin

DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES Spartacists were anti-Spartacists were anti-

War, Kapp Putsch War, Kapp Putsch supported the armysupported the army

Kapp was a Kapp was a monarchist, monarchist, Spartacists wanted a Spartacists wanted a Communist revolutionCommunist revolution

Kapp enjoyed support Kapp enjoyed support of Freikorpsof Freikorps

Your taskYour task

Try to match one of the captions on Try to match one of the captions on p.19 (SHP) with one of the sources p.19 (SHP) with one of the sources on p.18-19. on p.18-19.

Study the German sources and add Study the German sources and add the reasons why they felt angered by the reasons why they felt angered by the Treaty to your listthe Treaty to your list

Explain why Germans found it so Explain why Germans found it so hard to accept the terms of the hard to accept the terms of the Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Hold a press conference with members of Ebert’s new Social Democrat government. Try to find out whether the Treaty of Versailles really was the right solution for Germany’s woes.

Your taskYour task

Work in small groups. Write a short Work in small groups. Write a short speech to deliver to the new German speech to deliver to the new German Parliament explaining why you hate Parliament explaining why you hate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles the terms of the Treaty of Versailles so much. You may wish to include so much. You may wish to include points in your spider diagram as well points in your spider diagram as well as those referred to in the sources. as those referred to in the sources. Try to explain why you feel ‘stabbed Try to explain why you feel ‘stabbed in the back’ by the Treaty.in the back’ by the Treaty.

PlenaryPlenary

Why do you think the Germans felt Why do you think the Germans felt stabbed in the back? Give 5 reasons.stabbed in the back? Give 5 reasons.

Extension. Who were these people? Can you explain the cartoon? What are some of the problems with this source?

HomeworkHomework

Write a speech explaining why you Write a speech explaining why you hate the treaty of Versailles. Refer to hate the treaty of Versailles. Refer to the key terms of the treaty, explain the key terms of the treaty, explain what is making you angry about what is making you angry about them and refer to the reactions of them and refer to the reactions of ordinary Germans like Kapp. It ordinary Germans like Kapp. It should be one side of A4should be one side of A4

Extension. Produce a counter-Extension. Produce a counter-speech by a supporter of the Treatyspeech by a supporter of the Treaty