27 October 2008

27 October 2008Lab This Week: Frog Muscle II: Testing a Hypothesis based on Isometric twitch contractions

Reminder: Bring textbook to labRun t-test in SPSSReady to write Abstract (see assignment)

Finish Ch 10 Control of Body MovementBegin Ch12 Cardiovascular Physiology

Fig. 10.07Senses (transduces) muscle tension

Golgi tendon organs oppose excessive muscle tension.

Not monosynaptic!

Fig. 10.01Initiates motor command

Fig. 10.02

Fig. 10.10a

Fig. 10.11

Somatotopy

Fig. 10.12Pyramidal tract

Extra-Pyramidal tracts

Not monosynaptic!

Rubrospinal,Reticulospinal,Vestibulospinal tracts

Corticospinal tractCorticobulbar tract

Movement Disorders

Huntington’s chorea

Parkinsonism

Ballism and hemiballism Cerebellar disorder

Ch 12 Cardiovascular Physiology

6 sections p. 359-4392 CV labs:

1 Frog heart, 1 Human EKG and Blood Pressure

Circulatory System Circulates• Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, etc• Wastes:• Hormones: bound & free• Gases: CO2 and O2

• Formed Elements: Cells and Cell Fragments– Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes = Platelets

Other roles of the Cardiovascular System

Thermoregulation

Blood Clotting

Reproduction (ex: penile erection)

Figure 12.01Blood volume ~ 5 liters

Serum = plasma – clotting factors

Formed elements

Components……

Blood doping & erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in bone marrow) to increase hematocrit

Entering and Exiting the blood

Discontinuous capillaries in bone marrow, spleen, & liver permit erythrocytes to enter and exit blood.

Hct = percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs

Anemia

The Scoop on Tissie

Fig. 12.02Arteries..away from heart

Veins..return to heart

Regional blood flow determined by arteries and arterioles.

Resting Cardiac Output = 5L/min for each side!

When left heart can’t pump all the blood it receives from pulmonary circuit (due to high aortic pressure and/or damage to left ventricle) blood accumulates in pulmonary circuit. This is congestive heart failure. Symptom: shortness of breath.

Figure 12.04

CO = 5L/minfor each circuit

Up to 35 L/min in strenuous exercise

What’s missing?

Microcirculation

Pulmonary circuit

Systemic Circuit

5 liters/min5 liters/min

Exchange Vessels

Resistance Vessels

Capacitance vessels