2667A Introduction to Programming ENU Companion Content

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O F F I C I A L M I C R O S O F T L E A R N I N G P R O D U C T

2667A

Introduction to ProgrammingCompanion Content


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Product Number: 2667A

Released: 09/2002
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Introduction to Computer Programs 1-1

Module 1

Introduction to Computer Programs

Contents:

Question and Answers 2

Lab: Question and Answers 5


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1-2 Introduction to Programming

Question and Answers

Practice: Identifying Program Phases

Introduction

In this practice, you will identify the components of each program phase.

Identifying the program phases

In the airline reservation application, the airline reservation clerk uses the mouse and keyboard in the

_______ phase. In the ______ phase, the computer uses the CPU and the memory to determine flight

availability. In the _____ phase, the monitor displays seat availability. Also, during the ______ phase, if a seat

is available, the ticket is printed.

Answer:

input

process

outputoutput

Practice: Calculating the Total Sales

Identify the output and input elements

1.

Identify the output and input elements of the scenario.

2. Open the InputOutput.htm file located in install_folder\Practices\Mod01\Mod01_2\Solution and

compare your results.

Answer: To calculate the sale value, you need output element - Total Sale Value.

To calculate the sale value, you need the input elements - Units Sold and Unit Price.

Identify the processes involved

1. Identify the processes involved in the scenario.

2. Open the Processes.htm file located in install_folder\Practices\Mod01\Mod01_2\Solution and


Answer:

Accept Units Sold.

Accept Unit Price.

Multiply the number of Units Sold with the Unit Price.

Display the Total Sale Value.


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Draw the Flowchart

1.

Draw a flowchart that represents the scenario.

2. Open the FlowChart.gif file located in install_folder\Practices\Mod01\Mod01_2\Solution and


Answer:

Introduction to Computer Programs

Question: When executing a program, you are prompted to type Hello Worldand press Enter. After you

perform the necessary steps, the message "Hello! It is a beautiful world"is displayed on the monitor.

Identify the phases in the execution of this program.

Answer: Input phase: Typing Hello World

Process phase: Converting the message "Hello World" to "Hello! It is a beautiful world"

Output phase: Displaying the message "Hello! It is a beautiful world"

Question: What do you use to indicate a block of instructions in PseudoCompiler?

Answer: To indicate a block of instructions in pseudocode, you use the begin-end keyword.


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Question: What is the purpose of a flowchart?

Answer:A flowchart is used to represent the algorithm of a program graphically.

Question: Draw a flowchart to input any number, multiply it by 2, and display the result.

Answer:


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Lab: Question and Answers

Lab 1, Exercise 1: Determining Program Phases

Draw a flowchart to represent the program phases

Answer:


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Introduction to Scripting 2-1

Module 2

Introduction to Scripting

Contents:



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Introduction to Scripting

Question: Define the term Internet and explain the relationship between the Internet and the Web.

Answer: The Internet is a global network of smaller computer networks. It is the single largest

network of computers with many available services. The Internet has grown into a vast resource

for information and communication.

The Web is a subset of the Internet.

Question: What markup language would you use to create Web pages?

Answer: HTML

Question: List the two types of Web scripts and state the key difference between the two.

Answer:

Client-side scripts

Server-side scripts

Client-side scripts are run by the Web browser whereas server-side scripts are run on the Web

server.

Question: You have been asked to format a number of Word documents in a similar manner. How would

you speed up the formatting and ensure that the documents are formatted correctly?

Answer: Create macros to automate the formatting tasks.

Question: How can you automate an administrative task, such as configuring the profiles of all the

employees in your organization?

Answer: You can create and use a Windows script to perform the task.


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Using Data and Variables 3-1

Module 3

Using Data and Variables

Contents:



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Practice: Identifying, Declaring, and Initializing Variables

Draw the FlowchartAnswer:

Write the pseudocode

Answer:

// Pseudocode to identify, declare, and initialize

// variables

begincharacter cCode

character cName

numeric nAgedisplay "Enter candidate code: "

accept cCode

display "Enter candidate name: "

accept cNamedisplay "Enter candidate age: "

accept nAge

display cCodedisplay cName

display nAge

end


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Using Data and Variables 3-3

Practice: Using Operators

Question: Consider four variables set to the following values:

IntA = 3

IntB = 4

IntC = 4

IntD = 5

Question: Predict the results for the comparisons listed in the following table.

Comparison Results

IntA < IntB Answer

True

IntB = IntD Answer

False

IntB != IntC Answer

False

IntB >= IntD Answer

False

IntC >= IntB Answer

True

IntB = IntC Answer

True

Using Data and Variables

Question: To store values in memory and refer to those values later, what do you use?

Answer: Variables

Question: List the types of variables.

Answer:

Loop variables

Summation variables

Program variables

Question: To assign meaningful names to variables, what naming conventions do you follow?

Answer: The first letter of the variable must indicate the data type. Use nfor numeric variables

and cfor character variables. The name of the variable should reflect the value that it is storing.

For example, the variable nAge can be used to store a numeric value of age.


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Question: You must declare all variables before you can use them so that memory is allocated before it is

used in a program. Does the order in which you declare the variables matter?

Answer: No. However, a variable cannot be used if it is not declared already.

Question: What are operators?

Answer: Operators are symbols or other characters that indicate an operation that acts upon one

or more elements.

Question: What are keywords?

Answer: Keywords are reserved words in any programming language that have a special meaning.

Question: Which data type would you use for storing country codes for telephone numbers? For

example, 1 for United States.

Answer: Numeric


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Using Program Logic 4-1

Module 4

Using Program Logic

Contents:


Lab: Question and Answers 5


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Practice: Printing the Product of the First 8 Even Numbers

Write the pseudocode

Question: Write the pseudocode to display the product of the first 8 even numbers.

Answer: The pseudocode to display the product of the first 8 even numbers is as follows:

// pseudocode to display the product of the first 8

// even numbers

begin

numeric nNumber

numeric nProductnumeric nCounter

nNumber = 2

nProduct = 1for nCounter = 1 to 8 step 1

begin

nProduct = nNumber * nProductnNumber = nNumber + 2

end

display nProductend

Using Program Logic

Question: Complete the following pseudocode to check the password. This code prompts the user to

enter a user name and password. If the password is incorrect, it displays the message "Password is

incorrect. Exiting". If the password is correct, it displays the message "Welcome to Northwind Traders".

The password should be northwind.

Note This pseudocode focuses on the concepts taught in this module and as a result may not comply

with Microsoft security recommendations.

// program to check for password

begincharacter cUserName

character cPassword

display "Enter username"accept cUserName

display "Enter password"

accept cPassword

if ___________________________begin

display "Welcome to Northwind Traders"end

_____begin

display "Password is incorrect.... Exiting"

endend


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Answer:

cPassword = "northwind"

else

Question: For applications that accept input data from the user, you must validate the data. For example,an application requires the name and test score of an employee and displays a message depending upon

the test score. Complete the pseudocode to evaluate written test scores and display the messages based

on the values given in the following table.

riteria Message

Test score greater than or equal to 40 Pass

Test score less than 40 Fail

Test score is negative ERROR: Score cannot be negative

Test score is more than 100 ERROR: Score cannot be more than 100

// Pseudocode to evaluate the written test scores and

// display appropriate messages

begincharacter cNamenumeric nScore

accept cNameaccept nScoreif___________________________

begindisplay "Pass"

end

else

beginif nScore < 40 and nScore >= 0

begindisplay "Fail"

end

elsebegin

if ______________

begindisplay "ERROR: Score cannot be more than 100"

end

else

begindisplay "ERROR: Score cannot be negative"

end

endend

end

Answer:

nScore >= 40 and nScore 100


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Question: You must run a set of statements repeatedly until the user decides to discontinue. Which loop

do you use to solve this problem?

Answer: When you do not know how many times that you must repeat a task, use the WHILE loop.

Question: What are the different types of looping constructs? What are the guidelines for using each

type?

Answer: There are two types of looping constructs: the FOR loop and the WHILE loop. Use the FOR

loop when the number of iterations is known beforehand. Use the WHILE loop when you do not

know how many times a loop must execute.

Question: What are logic errors?

Answer: Logic errors arise because of incorrect implementation of business rules or incorrect

program logic. They may cause an abnormal termination of the program or cause the program to

return abnormal results.


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Lab: Question and Answers

Draw the Flowchart

Answer:

Implement the solution

Question: Write the pseudocode.

Answer:

// Pseudocode to select candidates based on interview scores

begin

character cCode

character cNamenumeric nRound1

numeric nRound2

display "Enter candidate code"accept cCode

display "Enter candidate name"

accept cName


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display "Enter Round 1 interview score"

accept nRound1

if nRound1 < 1 or nRound1 > 10begindisplay "ERROR: Round 1 score has to be in the range of 1 to 10"

end

elsebegin

if nRound1 < 6begin

display "Round 1 score must be greater than 5. Send rejection letter."

endelse

begin

display "Candidate is eligible for Round 2 interview"display "Enter Round 2 interview score"

accept nRound2

if nRound2 < 1 or nRound2 > 10begin

display "ERROR: Round 2 score must be in the range of 1 to 10"

end

else begin

if nRound2 > 7

begindisplay " Interviews completed successfully. Send offer to

candidate."

endelse

begin

display "Round 2 score must be greater than 7. Sendrejection letter."

end

endend

end

end

Note The solution code for this exercise is provided in the Mod4_Ex1.txt file in the

install_folder\Labfiles\Lab04\Solution folder.


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Using Procedures and Functions 5-1

Module 5

Using Procedures and Functions

Contents:



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Review Answers

Using Procedures and Functions

Question: What are procedures?

Answer: Procedures are the executable code statements in a program. The statements in a

procedure are enclosed by a declaration statement and an End statement.

Question: What are the different types of procedures?

Answer: There are three types of procedures:

Sub procedure

Function procedure

Property procedure

Question: What is the main difference between a Subprocedure and a Functionprocedure?

Answer: A Function procedure has a return type and always returns a value. A Sub procedure does

not have any return type and does not return a value.

Question: Give examples of functions.

Answer:

String function

Len function

Left function

Trim function

Question: The Functionprocedure sends back a value to the calling program. What is that value called?

Answer: Return value

Question: What is the syntax for a Subprocedure?

Answer:

[accessibility] Sub subname[(argumentlist)]

' Statements of the Sub procedure go here

End Sub


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Introduction to Developing a User Interface 6-1

Module 6

Introduction to Developing a User Interface

Contents:



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Review Answers

Introduction to Developing a User Interface

Question: You are developing a large application that is to be used by advanced users. You have been

told to keep the application simple. However, because the users are experienced, user-friendliness is not

particularly important. Would you design a command-based interface or graphical user interface?

Answer: Command-based interface.

Question: List three key features of a good interface.

Answer: Intuitive design, ease of navigation, and input validation.

Question: How do you build a user interface for a Windows-based application?

Answer: Add controls from the Toolbox to the Windows Forms Designer.


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Introduction to Working with Data 7-1

Module 7

Introduction to Working with Data

Contents:



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Practice: Representing Data as Tables

Exercise 1

Identify the entity

Answer: In this situation, the entity is Employee.

Exercise 2

In this exercise, you will identify the attributes for the entity that you have identified.

Identify the attributes

Answer:

In this situation, the attributes are:

EmployeeName

Address

City

Zip

Country

Phone

Qualification

BirthDate

Sex

Designation

EmailId

Dept

Region

Photograph

JoiningDate

ResignationDate


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Introduction to Working with Data 7-3

Exercise 3

In this exercise, you will represent the entity and its attributes in the form of a table.

Represent the entity and its attributes in a table structure

Question: Create a table structure to represent the entity and its attributes. List all the column

headings for the table in a column.

Answer:

mployeeName

Address

City

Zip

Country

Phone

Qualification

BirthDate

Sex

Designation

EmailID

Dept

Region

Photograph

JoiningDate

ResignationDate

Introduction to Working with Data

Question: What is a database?

Answer: A database is a collection of data. A computer system uses a database to store and

manage data.

Question: What is a relationship?

Answer: A relationship describes the connection between a pair of logically related entities.

Question: What is a candidate key?


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Answer: A candidate key is an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies a row in a data

table. A candidate key is also called a surrogate key.

Question: Define XML.

Answer:XML is a markup syntax that defines the structure of data in an open and self-describing

manner. XML enables you to transfer data easily over a network and ensure that the data isprocessed consistently by the applications that use it. Because XML is used to describe and

structure information, XML is like a data-description language. You can use XML to describe data

components, records, and other complex data structures, such as purchase orders, catalogs, and

documents.


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Programming Approaches 8-1

Module 8

Programming Approaches

Contents:



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Review Answers

Programming Approaches

Question: What is the limitation of the procedural approach to programming?

Answer: Applications developed by using the procedural approach are interdependent and not

resilient to change. In addition, you cannot reuse the procedures of one application in another

application.

Question: What are three components of an object?

Answer: An object has:

State

Behavior Identity

Question: What is the relationship between objects and classes?

Answer: Objects are instances of classes. An object has the attributes and behavior of its class.

Question: What is inheritance?

Answer: Inheritance is a feature of object-oriented programming. You can generalize the

attributes and behavior of objects and create a parent class. You can then create subclasses that

inherit the attributes and behavior of the parent class and have their own specific attributes and

behavior as well.

Question: How are object-oriented applications resilient to change?

Answer: In object-oriented applications, you do not need to change the entire application when

you change part of the application. You can update a specific class or add more classes to the

application.


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Introduction to the Software Development Process 9-1

Module 9

Introduction to the Software Development Process

Contents:



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Review Answers

Introduction to the Software Development Process

Question: What are the primary design goals of UML?

Answer: The primary design goals of UML are:

To provide a simple and ready-to-use expressive modeling language that enables the user

to visualize, develop, and exchange meaningful models of a system

To integrate best practices of other modeling approachesTo help all software system

stakeholders understand how the system will work and what options are available

To provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language

To support high-level development concepts such as components, collaborations,

frameworks and patterns

Question: What are the features of UML?

Answer: The features of UML are:

Simple, extensible, and expressive visual modeling language

A set of notations and rules for modeling software systems of varying complexities

The creation of simple, well documented, and easy to understand software models

Language and platform independence

Question: Which UML diagram represents a set of classes, and the messages sent and received by thoseclasses?

Answer: Collaboration diagram

Question: What are actors?

Answer: Actors are elements that are outside the system. They are also called the external entities

of a system. External entities that do not interact directly with the system are not actors.

Question: List the categories of actors.

Answer: There are four categories of actors: principal actors, secondary actors, external hardware,

and other systems

Question: What is a use case?

Answer: A use case is a set of transactions that the system performs when an actor initiates an

event or action. Use cases represent all the possible events that can occur in all possible scenarios.

They represent all interactions that can take place between an actor and the system.


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Introduction to the Software Development Process 9-3

Question: What is the purpose of a use-case diagram?

Answer: The purpose of the use-case diagram is to establish the scope of the project and provide

structure for the system. The use-case diagram describes the behavior of the system from the

point of view of its end users and developers. It also describes their expectations of the system.

Question: How do you represent use cases in a use-case diagram?

Answer: You represent use cases as ellipses in a use-case diagram.

Question: How do you identify the behavior of a class?

Answer: To identify the behavior of a class, you study the use case to determine the actions that

the class will perform.

Question: How do you identify the attributes of a class?

Answer: To identify the attributes of a class, you study the use case to determine the

characteristics of the class.

Question: How do you represent a class name in a class diagram?

Answer: A class name is depicted in the top section of a rectangle. The class name is always

centered and in bold typeface.

Question: What are links in an object diagram?

Answer: Links are instances of associations between classes. Links depict the relationship between

two objects in a system at any instant.

Question: Do you always need to create three sections in the rectangle to represent an object in anobject diagram?

Answer: No. Display the information relevant to current scenario for every object. If there are no

relevant behavior names for an object, you need not include them in the object diagram.


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Introduction to Programming 1-1

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