Figure S1: Climatological (left) gravity wave drag and (right) latent heating averaged between 25S and 25N for selected runs. Behavior of UV nudging simulations is quantitatively similar to their UVT counterparts. Gravity wave drag is the sum of the output variables UTGWSPEC, BUTGWSPEC, and UTGWORO. 0 0.5 1 1.5 m/s/day 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Altitude [km] 25S to 25N Gravity wave drag 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 K/day 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Altitude [km] 25S to 25N Latent heating MERRA2 AMIP UVT L88 UVT L66 U ca V ca T ca U za V za T za
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Figure S1: Climatological (left) gravity wave drag and (right) latent heating averaged between 25S and 25N for selected runs. Behavior of UV nudging simulations is quantitatively similar to their UVT counterparts. Gravity wave drag is the sum of the output variables UTGWSPEC, BUTGWSPEC, and UTGWORO.
0 0.5 1 1.5m/s/day
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65Al
titud
e [k
m]
25S to 25N Gravity wave drag
0 0.5 1 1.5 2K/day
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Altit
ude
[km
]
25S to 25N Latent heating
MERRA2AMIPUVT L88UVT L66UcaVcaTca
UzaVzaTza
Figure S2: Frequency of upwelling based on the streamfunction definition of the residual circulation for each model simulation for December-January-February only. Hatching indicates there is upwelling 100% of the time.
Figure S3: As in Fig. S2, but for June-July-August only.
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