25_Brady

NDT In Canada Presentation

Radiation Safety

June 2014

WELCOME

Speaker introduction

Purpose & Scope of Presentation

Radiation Safety in Laymen's Terms (IR)

Brief Radiation Safety History- IR

Introduction to CIRSA.

Best Practices & Prevention

Current initiatives

Purpose & Scope of Presentation

The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of radiation

safety in Canada as it pertains to the NDT industrial radiography

industry.

The presentation also attempts to provide awareness of and

exposure for CIRSA as a small occupational radiation safety

organization that services a relatively unknown niche area of industry.

The scope includes and is limited to general information on radiation

safety. It may also include some initiatives being made for continuous

improvement.

4

Radiation Safety

Radiation Safety in Laymen's Terms (IR)

NDE Companies are required to have a CNSC license

Adhere to Federal CNSC Regulations

Adhere to Transportation of Dangerous Goods

5

Radiation Safety

Licensee Radiation Safety Program Key elements

Use, Transfer and Storage of devices & sources

Security

Radiation Protection

Training

Equipment and Maintenance

Radiographic Operations

Emergency Procedures

Forms.

6

Radiation Safety

Typical radiation used in

Radiography?

Electromagnetic Energies (Gamma & X-radiation)

High energy short wavelength

It travels only in straight lines

Has the ability to penetrate dense materials

It is non-destructive and is not residual

7

Radiation Safety

HEALTH RISKS

Crossing the radiation barrier may subject you to unsafe levels

of ionizing radiation. (Exposure).

Radiation cannot be detected by any of the human senses.

At very close proximity and/or for variable lengths of time, it can

kill cells.

8

Radiation Safety

RADIATION PROTECTION

How do we protect everyone?

Time

Distance

Shielding

Use calibrated radiation detection

equipment

Follow procedures - rules and regulations

ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable

9

Radiation Safety

DOSE RATES AT BARRIERS

Barrier limits are set by CNSC at 10 mRem/hour (0.1 mSv/hour)

Warning signs are posted at 2.5 mRem/hour (0.025 mSv/hour)

10

Radiation Safety

RADIATION ZONES CAN

BE RECOGNIZED BY:

Radiation signs around

the exposure area.

Trained Nuclear Workers

inside the area with

special monitoring

equipment

Designated as Nuclear

Energy Workers. They

control the radiation zone

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Radiation Safety

EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

Daily Equipment checks

Quarterly Maintenance

Annual Maintenance

Documentation/Traceability

Applicable Regulations: (CNSC)

General Nuclear Safety Regulations (GNSR)

Radiation Protection Regulations (RPR)

Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices Regulation (NSRD)

Packaging and Transport of Nuclear Substances Regulation (PTNS)

Transport Canada -Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations

(TDG)

1996 IAEA Regulations for the safe transport of Radioactive Material No. TS-R-1 (ST-1, Revised)

http://www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca/eng/lawsregs/index.cfm

Provinces regulate X-ray (Tube) Safety

13

Radiation Safety

Maximum Allowable Dosages Set by

CNSC Regulations

Column l Column ll Column lll

Item

Person's

Status

Period

of Time

Effective Dose (mSv)

1 Nuclear energy worker, including a One (1) year dosimetry period 50

pregnant nuclear energy worker Five (5) year dosimetry period 100

2 Pregnant nuclear energy worker The balance of the pregnancy 4

3 Non-nuclear energy worker One (1) calendar year 0.5

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Radiation Safety SECURITY

Some requirements for security:

Equipment must be under direct visual care of an

authorized person at all times or placed in secure

storage.

Prescribed Locks/Barriers

Alarms/Warning devices

Training/Emergency response

Criminal background checks

Device and source tracking

15

Radiation Safety

COMPANY INTERNAL MONITORING

RSO Conducts regular field audits

Audits for records, storage, security, etc.

Training assessment / annual reviews

EXTERNAL MONITORING

Audited by CNSC Type I and Type II audits

History of Industrial Radiography

Pig & Pole (Can you detect the PPE??Safety Culture?)

History of Industrial Radiography

Training? What training?

Certification

Helpers no radiation safety

Junior/Senior limited radiation safety

Qualified Operators Grandfathered

Qualified Operators by examination no course read book / wrote exam

History of Industrial Radiography

Radiation Detection Equipment

1930 Victoreen

Canadian

Admiral

1940 Neutron detector

History of Industrial Radiography

Types of Radiographic Equipment used

Budd 520 - 1960

Radium Source

Shoe fitting x-ray machine

50 Kv-8ma

20-30 min exposures

Shoe fitting certificate

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Introduction to CIRSA

Canadian Industrial Radiography Association Objectives

Radiation Safety is our prime objective

Influence the industry and change culture

Improve working relationship with CNSC / Industry

Promote exchange of information on health, safety, environment,

and related topics between Industrial Radiography Companies,

CIRSA members and allied industries

Provide for representation to government bodies for Industrial

Radiography

Conduct itself in agreement with the Associations Mission Statement

MISSION STATEMENT

To be the leading radiation safety advocacy group and source

of communication for the industrial radiography industry.

This is achieved by promoting a strong radiation safety

culture, member support, radiation safety awareness,

providing direction and fostering cooperative working

relationships with regulatory bodies, while at the same time,

maintaining a common voice for the industry.

CIRSA

CIRSA started as a grass roots association in western

Canada in 2005 and is a registered non-profit organization.

We have approximately 49 licensees as members now

across Canada of a total of approx 150 licensee companies

in this industry.

A formal Constitution is in place to guide the association in

its daily operations.

Association Executive comprised of 9 elected members

meets approximately once / month.

Spring and Fall member/AG meetings.

Stakeholders

CIRSA

Radiation

Safety

In the past:

CIRSA continued to strive to communicate its existence,

gain credibility and membership across Canada. This has

been a challenge at times, given the industry regional

disparities between Eastern and Western Canada.

It has been a steady advocate for the industry and working

hard to achieve recognition with both the industry and

regulatory bodies such as the CNSC.

Industry issues and needs:

Requests for responses from regulatory bodies were/are often not answered or acknowledged as received.

No process for clear understanding for clarification of regulations.

Continually changing CNSC staff we did not/do not know to whom we should address questions.

Inconsistent interpretations of regulations from regulatory

inspectors.

Industry incidents should be better communicated. Not knowing is

unsafe. Knowing is an opportunity to prevent.

In the Present:

Bringing together all members from coast to coast as one team

with an agreed focus on the implementation of radiation safety

for our industry. Promote mutual respect for regional differences.

CIRSA is recognized as an industry association by the

CNSC/DNSR.

Promote and maintain goodwill and working mutual respectful

relationships with the CNSC/DNSR. The above points are

achieved by volunteering and being involved in the CNSC

meetings and focus groups.

In the Present:

Website: www.cirsa.ca

We have an active website that is constantly being improved that

currently includes but is not limited to:

A new overall look to the site.

Access and links to 3rd party radiation safety training.

Information for clients and the general public on the basic purpose,

use, training, regulatory and safety controls and measures in place for

industrial radiography.

Updated safety alerts and flashes, Rad Safety form templates.

Industry performance/Incident stats.

Free links for member businesses.

Industry and regulatory news/updates/photos/equipment museum.

Industry Perception (Safety today with the aid of CIRSA and the CNSC Industry Working Group

Radiation Safety has improved.culture has improved.

Hard working, safe, and relatively compliant industry.

We know our businesswe are well positioned to assist in the communication between CNSC and industry

We have learned and continue to learn from mistakes and

improved procedures and practices.

Exposure devices and detection equipment have improved.

We have better training programs than in the past.

We are on a steady decline in incidents and the dosages to

workers.

Examples of Failure

Reference: Cable drive systems

Reasons for the checks:

Damage from normal use

Design of connector

Environment

Damage from Operator neglect

Industry Best Practices

Examples of Failure

A MDS Nordion connector that disconnected from the drive cable

likely excessive force at drive cable return to device.

Industry Best Practices

Examples of Failure A MDS Nordion G6 connector that had design deficiencies

Industry Best Practices

Examples of Failure

A MDS Nordion worn connector

Industry Best Practices

Examples of Failure A MDS Nordion G6 broken female connector

Industry Best Practices

Examples of Failure A MDS Nordion worn male connector

Worn

New

Industry Best Practices

Maintain your equipment

Operator neglect during storage

Industry Best Practices

Perform Go/No Go checks

Industry Best Practices

Drive Cable Checks

Visually inspect the drive cable for at least 1

foot of length Flex test.

Ensure male connector is attached securely

Check for rust or damage to connector and

cable.

Industry Best Practices

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Lessons Learned

Safe Positioning of Magnet Stands

Incidents can easily occur where a magnet stand

falls during exposure and kinks the guide tube.

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Lessons Learned

Safe Positioning of Magnet Stands

Make sure that the thumbscrew is not damaging

the guide tube.

Length of tube is

too long and

causes the screw

to miss the source

stop.

Prevention of Incidents

Good Training program inform operators

Good equipment maintenance program

Audit operators to ensure they are following

procedures.

Key procedure to enforce is proper survey at

front of devices after each exposure.

Ensure operators radiation detection

equipment is worn, calibrated and in working

order.

Best Practices

Current Inititives

CNSC/Industry Focus Group

Industrial Radiography Focus Group that was requested and

put together by the CNSC/DNSR as a result of 2007/2008

information meetings and a subsequent CNSC

commissioners meeting that Industry reps including CIRSA

executive attended.

CNSC/Industry Focus Group

This is a massive step forward for CIRSA, the CNSC and the industry in addressing some of the known issues and

concerns. It is also precedence setting for the CNSC/Industry

and its success could prove to be beneficial to other industries and regulatory bodies.

The group has formalized itself with a mission statement and

terms of reference and is aggressively moving forward with

goals and action items in place to tackle the issues. With the

current two meetings per year, the group continues to progress

and meet its mission now and in the future.

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Initiatives

Decertification and Fines

The CNSC has increased enforcement tools at

their disposal. This includes but is not limited to:

Stop work orders.

Monetary fines to operators and companies.

Unannounced inspections.

Decertification of operators.

Revocation of company operating license.

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New & Improved Equipment

New Style Magnet Stands

These new style stands hold much more weight

(200 lb/600lb pull) and are an improvement

Improved devices

Radiographic Exposure Devices

Improved Shielding

Decertification of older devices

Average worker dosage (mSv) from 1988 to Dec 31-2010

Safety Culture

SAFETY

A condition that exists when hazards are managed to an acceptable level of risk