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25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Feb 02, 2016

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Page 1: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Chapter

2525Beyond Our Solar System

Page 2: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

The Milky Way Galaxy

25.3 The Universe

A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

• The Milky Way is a large spiral galaxy whose disk is about 100,000 light-years wide and about 10,000 light-years thick at the center.

Size of the Milky Way

• Radio telescopes reveal that the Milky Way has at least three distinct spiral arms.

Structure of the Milky Way

Page 3: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Structure of the Milky Way

Page 4: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Types of Galaxies

25.3 The Universe

Spiral Galaxies• About 30% of all galaxies are spiral galaxies.

• They have large diameters of 20,000 to 125,000 light-years and contain both young and old stars.

• About 60% of galaxies are classified as elliptical galaxies.

Elliptical Galaxies

• They have the largest diameters of 200,000 light-years and contain old stars.

Page 5: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Spiral Galaxies

Page 6: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Elliptical Galaxy

Page 7: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

25.3 The Universe

• Irregular galaxies contain young stars.

In addition to shape and size, one of the major differences among different types of galaxies is the age of their stars.

Irregular Galaxies

• Only 10% of the known galaxies have irregular shapes and are classified as irregular galaxies.

Page 8: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Irregular Galaxy

Page 9: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

The Expanding Universe

25.3 The Universe

• Hubble’s law states that the galaxies are retreating from the Milky Way at a speed that is proportional to their distance.

To help visualize the nature of the universe, imagine a loaf of raisin bread dough that has been set out to rise for a few hours. As the dough doubles in size, so does the distance between all the raisins. Those objects located father apart move away from each other more rapidly.

Page 10: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Raisin Bread Dough Analogy

Page 11: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

The Big Bang

25.3 The Universe

The big bang theory states that at one time, the entire universe was confined to a dense, hot, supermassive ball. Then, about 13.7 billion years ago, a violent explosion occurred, hurling this material in all directions.

Page 12: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

El Universo

Tipos de galaxias

• Galaxias espirales

– Alrededor del 30% de todas las galaxias son galaxias espirales.

– Ellos tienen grandes diámetros de entre 20.000 y 125.000 años luz y contienen estrellas jovenes y viejas.

• elípticas Galaxias

– Alrededor del 60% de las galaxias se clasifican como las galaxias elípticas.

– Tienen los mayores diámetros de 200 mil años luz y contienen estrellas viejas.

Page 13: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

El Universo

• La Vía Láctea – Una galaxia es un grupo de estrellas, polvo y gases se mantienen unidos por la

gravedad.

• Tamaño de la Vía Láctea – La Vía Láctea es una gran galaxia espiral cuyo disco es de unos 100.000 años

luz de ancho y cerca de 10.000 años luz de espesor en el centro.

• Estructura de la Vía Láctea – Los radiotelescopios revelan que la Vía Láctea tiene al menos tres brazos

espirales distintas.

Page 14: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

El Universo

• Galaxias irregulares – Sólo el 10% de las galaxias conocidas tienen

formas irregulares y se clasifican como galaxias irregulares.

– Las galaxias irregulares contienen estrellas jóvenes.

– Además de la forma y tamaño, una de las principales diferencias entre los diferentes tipos de galaxias es la edad de sus estrellas.

Page 15: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

El Universo

El Universo en Expansión La ley de Hubble establece que las galaxias se están retirando de la

Vía Láctea a una velocidad que es proporcional a su distancia.

Para ayudar a visualizar la naturaleza del universo, imagina una barra de masa de pan con pasas que se ha expuesto a subir por unas horas. A medida que la masa doble su tamaño, también lo hace la distancia entre todas las pasas. Esos objetos situados aparte padre se alejan el uno del otro más rápidamente.

Page 16: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

El Universo

• El Big Bang

• La teoría del Big Bang dice que en un momento, todo el universo se limitaba a una bola densa, caliente supermasivo. Entonces, hace aproximadamente 13.7 millones de años, se produjo una violenta explosión, lanzando este material en todas las direcciones.

Page 17: 25 Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System. The Milky Way Galaxy 25.3 The Universe  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

25.3 The Universe

The Big Crunch?

• The future of the universe follows two possible paths:

1. The universe will expand forever.

2. The outward expansion will stop and gravitational contraction will follow.

• The view currently favored by most scientists is an expanding universe with no ending point.