249000027 Waste Disposal

WASTEMANAGEMENT

DONE BY: MIGUEL NEWMAN

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this presentation you will:

What is waste disposal

Categories of waste

Current waste disposal conditions in Jamaica

Energy saving techniques to be undertaken

The different ways to recycle and reuse waste to produce energy and new products

State of the art treatment plant with its own environmentally friendly energy production system

WHAT IS WASTE DISPOSAL?

This is, “the proper disposition of a discarded or discharged material in accordance with local environmental guidelines or laws". This can be found in two categories:

Solid waste; and

Liquid waste.

CATEGORIES OF WASTE

SOLID WASTES: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially common as co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash.

LIQUID WASTES: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES ACCORDING TO THEIR PROPERTIES

BIO-DEGRADABLE

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

NON-BIODEGRADABLE

cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles,

old machines, cans, containers and

others)

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTESACCORDING TO

THEIR EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTHAND THE ENVIRONMENT

HAZARDOUS WASTES

waste that is reactive, toxic, corrosive, or otherwise dangerous to living things and/or the environment. Many industrial by-products are hazardous.

NON-HAZARDOUS

Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically.

FROM WHERE THIS COMES???

CURRENT WASTE DISPOSALCONDITIONS IN JAMAICA

The management of all wastes poses serious environmental problems in Jamaica. Solid waste collection and disposal operations present many serious environmental, public health, social and liability problems and risks. A growing number of urban rural households lack satisfactory sanitation solutions. This causes pollution of groundwater, rivers and marine environments, and the threat of water born-borne disease. Technologies for non-polluting, on-site sanitation do exist and are introduced in a few areas. As much as 50 percent of the solid waste generated in the country is attributed to the Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA).

CURRENT WASTE DISPOSALCONDITIONS IN JAMAICA

Approximately 80 percent of the total waste generated in the country is collected by five Parks and Markets Companies, private companies wholly-owned by the Government. The quality of their service has been deteriorating because of budgetary constraints. Approximately 20 percent of the generated waste is handled by private collectors. Official waste disposal sites in Jamaica all have a high potential for contributing to pollution of soil, water and air. They lack conventional solid waste disposal site equipment, resulting in inadequate and improper burial of solid waste. Substantial installation and/or upgrading of waste management facilities are required for both public and private sectors.

CURRENT WASTE DISPOSALCONDITIONS IN JAMAICA

The national average sewage generation has been put at about 455 million litres per day (100 MGD). Of this about 25 percent is collected and treated in established treatment systems and the remainder disposed of by way of on-site disposal systems (pit latrines, soak-aways, septic tanks, etc.). Improper sewage treatment and disposal is the main contributor to pollution of Kingston Harbour. In this regard, the infrastructure for sewage disposal needs improvement.

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SOLIDWASTE

Several methods are used for treatment and disposal. These are:

1. Composting

2. Incineration

3. Landfilling

4. Pyrolysis

5. Recycling

CRITICAL CONCERNS

Critical concerns related to waste management in Jamaica include:

delays in implementation of appropriate waste management schemes due to the lack of a comprehensive waste management policy;

application of waste management technology has not sufficiently responsive to changing conditions;

inadequate attention is paid to specific physical characteristics of the island (alluvial, coastal or hilly limestone);

lack of awareness in the general population of the importance of proper waste management practices; and

CRITICAL CONCERNS

Inadequate waste disposal system to meet the needs of the public.

Waste sites are not been developed to be self sufficient, therefore reducing recourse cost and sustaining quality waste management.

ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES TO BEUNDERTAKEN

ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES

The idea is to create a waste disposal plant that will use the waste provided to create more environmentally friendly produce and that will also generate savings in energy and reducing waste pile up. Some of these techniques include creating a major recycling and sewage plant that will be able to create its own energy needed to fully run the plant in an environmentally friendly way. The plant will consist of the following areas:

A plant that will be able to used waste material (tires, rubbers, etc) that can create an environmentally friendly gas to be reused run the plant.

Use methane from the wasted ground produce buried in the ground to produce electricity.

ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES

Another facility will recycle all the other materials like; metal, plastic and paper to produce new products to be sold to manufactures or the public.

Sewage waste will be treated where the faeces will be used as fertilizers and the liquid cleaned for reuse in farms or back to the public.

Produce such as ground provisions can be berried to help replenish the earth.

All these facilities will be run using the environmentally friendly gasses produced.

USING WASTE PRODUCE THAT HAVE BEEN DISCARDED UNDERGROUND TO CREATE METHANE TO ELECTRICITY

USING TIRES TO CREATE GAS FORENERGY USE

DIAGRAM SHOWING A PLANT THAT ISABLE TO SUPPORT IT’S SELF AND

OTHERS

WHAT ISRECYCLING?

The process by which waste material is convert into reusable material.

BENEFITS OF RECYCLING

Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators;

Conserves natural resources such as timber, water, and minerals;

Prevents pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw materials;

Saves energy;

Reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate change;

Helps sustain the environment for future generations;

Helps create new well-paying jobs in the recycling and manufacturing industries.

STEPS USED IN RECYCLE MATERIALS

RECYCLE PROCEDURE

DIAGRAM DETAILING THE SEPERATIONPROCESS

PLASTIC RECYLING PROCESS

METAL RECYCLING PROCESS

RUBBER RECYCLING PROCESS

PAPER RECYCLING PROCESS

DIAGRAM SHOWING HOW EASY THE PROCESS FROM HOME TO THE

RECYCLE PLANT CAN BE

CONCLUSION

In concluding it is safe to say that Jamaica is lacking in proper infrastructure to adequately deal with the waste disposal situation now affecting the island. Its evident that Jamaica needs to invest in a more state of the art disposal site that will be able to generate its own energy needs and also be able to sustain it self by producing products from the waste on site by recycling and creating new products.

RECOMMENDATIONS

There is a need for more strict rules/laws governing the waste disposal system

There is evidence that there are waste disposal systems that work in other countries that can also work in Jamaica to create a waste disposal system that works

Proper planning in regards to a central location with adequate land space and accessibility is key to a well developed waste disposal plant.

Educating the public on the different methods available to them and how they can play their part is a vital part of this system if its going to work.

REFERENCE

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/waste- disposal.html#ixzz3Jx9nLuJy

http://www.nepa.gov.jm/policies/neap/waste.htm

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/waste-disposal.html

http://www-tnswep.ra.utk.edu/activities/pdfs/mq-W.pdf

http://spimpiantisia.com/municipal-to-energy/

http://www.pakwheels.com/forums/news-articles-driver-education- safety/206926-used-tires-fuel-alternative-fuel-recycling