24.3 power point

CH 24:3: NATIONALISM (CASE STUDY: ITALY & GERMANY)

Main Idea: Nationalism contributed to the formation of 2 new nations and a new political order in Europe

Why it matters? Nationalism is the basis of world politics today and has often caused conflicts and wars

1. NATIONALISM: A FORCE FOR UNITED OR DISUNITY

Background: During the 1800s, nationalism field efforts to build nation-states

Nationalists were NOT loyal to the kings, but their people (those who shared common beliefs)

1. NATIONALISM: A FORCE FOR UNITED OR DISUNITY

Italy Germany

Austria Russia Ottoman

Empire

WHAT HAPPENS BECAUSE OF NATIONALISM?

Unites Breakup

Ottomans

Russian

Austria

Germany

Italy

AUSTRIA- BREAKUP Hapsburgs

Brought together many nations

(Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Italians….etc)

Austro-Prussian War(Prussia wins, pressured by Austrian Emperor to split his

empire in ½)Austria-Hungary

(aka Austro-Hungary

After WW1, broke up into

several nation-states

RUSSIA

CzarsRules large empire:

(Ukraine,Poland, Lutuanians, Latvians, Estonias, Finns, Jews…etc)- each group had

it’s own cultureRUSSIFICATION

(forcing Russian culture on all)

Strengthened ETHNIC NATIONALIST

feelings

Czar weakens1917- last Czar gave up power

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Turks large empire(Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians,

Armenians)Granted CITIZENSHIP to all

people under their rule (pressured by British &

French)Angered

conservative Turks (who wanted no change- caused

TENSION)

Broke up after WW1

ITALY (1/2) Model for Italy= Piedmont-

Sardinia (state in Italy)

Camillo di Cavour= named prime minister by Sardinia’s king (Victor Emanuel II)

Cavour’s Goal: Expanded Piedmont-Sardinia’s

power Goal- united all Italy under

Sardinian rule Problem- Austria is

controlling north Italy What he did? Provoke a war

with Austria (France helped) Result: Italy won northern

Italy

ITALY 2/2 Cavour secretly started to help

a nationalist rebel, GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI, in southern Italy

Garibaldi always wore a red shirt into battle- known as “RED SHIRTS”

Captured Sicily and march northward

United northern and southern Italy, and stepped down to let the Sardinian king rule ALL of Italy

Rome came under Italian control and it became the capital

Pope continued to govern from Rome aka Vatican City

GERMANY Bismark Unites Germany

German Confederation- 39 loosely grouped states

Prussia was ready to unify all German states

Prussia Leads German Unification: Positive 1: Mainly

German population- nationalism united them

Positive 2: Strong army

What did the people want? A constitution for the kingdom

GERMANY Bismarck Takes

Control: Wilhelm 1 saw Parliament

as a threat to his army

JUNKERS- supported wealthy landowning class, like Wilhelm

OTTO von BISMARCK= Junker, named prime minister, master of REALPOLITIK (“the politics of reality”- tough power politics)

Bismarck said he would rule without the consent of the Parliament and without a budget (broke the constitution)

GERMANY Prussia Expands

Went to war with Austria

to win more land Victory increased

nationalism Seven Weeks’ War

Dispute over newly won land (with Austria)

Prussia wins Took control of northern

Germany The eastern and western

parts of Prussia united for the 1st time

GERMANY

Franco-Prussian War Many German states remained

independent from Prussia Southern Germans were

Catholics and didn’t like Prussian Protestants

Bismarck’s Plan- if German states felt another outside pressure, they would love to be ruled by Prussia

He manufactured “incidents” to get what he wanted

Finally, Germans accepted Prussian rule

King Wilhelm 1 was crowned KAISER= emperor

Declared themselves the 2nd Reich (Holy Roman Empire was the the 1st)

A SHIFT IN POWER After the 1815 Congress of

Vienna there were 5 GREAT POWERS in Europe Britain* France Austria Prussia Germany* Russia

Wars of mid-1800s strengthened some (*)