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Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus
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23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Jul 08, 2020

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Page 1: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus 

Page 2: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Lecture Objectives

• Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp.• Describe blood supply, innervation, and lymphatic drainage of the face and scalp.

• Make a list of contributing roots to cervical plexus.• Discuss the general arrangement.• Describe the location of this plexus.• Make a list of the outcoming nerves.• Follow the branches to their target organs.• Make a list of the cutaneous nerves.• Follow the cutaneous branches to their destinations.

Page 3: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Facial Layers• Skin (Layer 1)• Subcutaneous layer (Layer 2)

– Superficial fat compartments• Superficial musculo‐aponeurotic 

system (SMAS) (Layer 3)• Retaining ligaments and deep 

compartments (Layer 4)– Deep fat compartments

• Deep fascia &/or periosteum (Layer 5)

Page 4: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Layers of the Scalp

• Layers of scalp– Skin– CT (subcutaneous layer)

• Rich in BVs, lymphatics and nerves– Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalismuscle

– Loose CT • Allows movement of above layers

– Periosteum • Muscles of the External Ear

– Auricularis anterior, posterior & superior

Page 5: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Muscles of Facial Expression

• Arise from fascia or skull bones & insert onto skin

• Encircle eyes, nose & mouth• Express emotions• Facial Nerve (VII)• Bell’s palsy = facial paralysis

Page 6: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Facial Muscles

Page 7: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Facial Muscles Action

Page 8: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Facial Muscles Innervation

Page 9: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and
Page 10: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Muscles of Mastication

• Masseter, temporalis & pterygoids• Arise from skull & insert on mandible• Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) –

mandibular division• Protracts, elevates or retracts 

mandible

Page 11: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Muscles of Mastication

Page 12: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Lateral Pterygoid

Page 13: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and
Page 14: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Cutaneous Nerves of Face and Scalp

Page 15: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Arterial Supply for Face and Scalp

Page 16: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Arterial Supply for Face and Scalp

Page 17: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and
Page 18: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Venous Supply for Face and Scalp

Page 19: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and
Page 20: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Neck

Page 21: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Hyoid Bone

• Position – C3– Between mandible & thyroid cartilage

• Shape – U • Stylohyoid ligament• Parts

– Body– Lesser horn– Greater horn

Page 22: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Neck Muscles• Superficial mm. of the side 

of the neck– Platysma ‐ VII– SCM ‐ XI

• Suprahyoid mm.– Stylohyoid ‐ VII– Digastric

• Posterior belly ‐ VII• Anterior belly ‐ V

– Mylohyoid ‐ V– Geniohyoid – C1

• Infrahyoid mm.– Omohyoid ‐ AC– Sternohyoid ‐ AC– Sternothyroid ‐ AC– Thyrohyoid – C1

Page 23: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and
Page 24: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Neck Muscles• Anterior and lateral vertebral mm.– Scalenus anterior

• Relations 

– Scalenus medius– Scalenus posterior

Page 25: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and
Page 26: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Cervical Plexus

• Ventral rami of spinal nerves (C1 to C5)

• Supplies parts of head, neck & shoulders

Page 27: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Cervical Plexus• Relations 

– Anterior to levator scapulae m. and middle scalene m.

– Posterior to the sternocleidomastoid m.

– Subcutaneous branches emerge behind the lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid m.

Page 28: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Cervical Plexus: Relations

Page 29: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and

Cervical Plexus: Branches

• Cutaneous branches– Lesser occipital n. (C2)– Greater auricular n. (C2‐C3)– Transverse cervical n. (C2‐C3)– Supraclavicular nn. (C3‐C4)

• Muscular branches – Ansa cervicalis (Infrahyoid mm.)

• Descending branch from hypoglossal n. (C1)

• Descending cervical n. (C2‐C3)– Phrenic n. (C1‐C3)

• Diaphragm 

Page 30: 23-Face, Scalp, and Cervical Plexus · 2019-02-27 · Lecture Objectives •Review the general anatomical features of the face and scalp. •Describe blood supply, innervation, and