2.2a earthquakes and volcanoes introduction

Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics

Earthquakes and

Volcanoes

Earth’s Interior

and Plate Tectonics

Minerals and Rocks

What is Earth’s Interior

like

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

What are Earthqua

Structure and

Origin of Rocks

How old are RocksVolcanoe

s

Weathering and Erosion

Erosion

Chemical Weatherin

g

Physical Weatherin

g

Transform Fault

Boundaries

Convergent Plate

Boundaries

Divergent Plate

Coundaries

Plate Tectonics

2011 Japan Earthquake

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQfdl7y-blE

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfxlzyOXlic&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRDpTEjumdo&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GFLqsUexZ0

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NW7vENdDu1o

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLUmQrKOyuk&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ikus_TEaGI&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdhfV-8dbCE&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3AdFjklR50&feature=relmfu

P waves

P waves

A 1976 earthquake near Guatemala City shattered this bridge in Agua Caliente, cutting off the city’s main supply route to the Atlantic. The 7.5-magnitude quake killed more than 23,000 people and left thousands more injured and homeless.

A crane and several construction vehicles lay toppled on a fractured road in Kobe, Japan, after a 7.2-magnitude temblor shook the quake-prone country. The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster of 1995 was one of the worst in Japan’s history, killing 6,433 people and causing more than $100 billion in damages.

The San Andreas Fault scars Southern California’s Carrizo Plain like a battle wound. The 800-mile (1,300-kilometer) fault runs through western and southern California, dividing the Pacific and North American plates.

Workers position support beams to steady tilting homes in San Francisco's Marina District after a disastrous earthquake hit the city in 1989. The 7.1-magnitude earthquake buckled highways and bridges, crushed cars, and toppled homes and buildings throughout the city.

The Izmith, Turkey Temblor

The Izmith, Turkey Temblor

The Izmith, Turkey Temblor

The Izmith, Turkey Temblor

The Izmith, Turkey Temblor

Bagiou City, Philippines

Bagiou City, Philippines

Bagiou City, Philippines

Bagiou City, Philippines

17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Vocabulary• Focus• Epicenter• P waves• S waves• Surface waves• Seismology• Richter scale• vent

17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes• Read: “Energy from

earthquakes is transferred through Earth by waves” (p568-569)

• Write on your cornell notes information on:– Longitudinal waves– Primary waves– Transverse waves– Secondary Waves

Mayon Volcano, Philippines

Mayon Volcano, Philippines

Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines

Mt. Pinatubo Crater Lake

Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines

Mt. Pinatubo Crater Lake

Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines

Mt. Pinatubo Days Before Eruption

Mt.

Pina

tubo

, Phi

lippi

nes

Mt.

Pina

tubo

: Firs

t Eru

ption

Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines

3 Minutes after first Eruption

Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines

5 Minutes after first Eruption

Mt.

Pina

tubo

, Phi

lippi

nes

Mt.

Pina

tubo

: 7 m

inut

es a

fter

Mt.

Pina

tubo

, Phi

lippi

nes

Mt.

Pina

tubo

: 10

min

utes

afte

r

• How volcanoes are formed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANeH9W-HMPc&feature=related

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Vocabulary• Focus – the area along a fault at which slippage first

occurs, initiating an earthquake.• Epicenter – the point on Earth’s surface directly above

the focus.• P waves – primary waves; the longitudinal waves

generated by an earthquake

17.2 Kind of Volcanoes• Shield Volcano Magma rich in iron and

magnesiumVery fluidLava flows great distances

Eruption mildEruption occur several timesLava produces gently sloping

mountain

17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes• Composite Volcano

Made up of alternating layers of ash, cinders and lava

Magma is thicker Gases are trapped in the

magma making explosive eruptions

Typically thousand meters high

Steeper cones than shield volcanoes

17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes• Cinder Cone

Smallest and most abundant volcanoes

Tend to be active for a short time then become dormant

Vast quantities of ash and lava fall around vent that form the cone

Gas-trapped magma – explosive eruption

17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes• Kinds of Volcanoes