229631289-The-Gist-November-2013

8/12/2019 229631289-The-Gist-November-2013

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COURTESY:x x x -x -- ContentsGIST OF THE HINDU ......................................................................................................... 2Nuclear Deterrence is Overrated ...................................................................................................................................... 2CO2 Effect: Focus on Marine Fauna ............................................................................................................................... 3Indias TB control ............................................................................................................................................................. 4New Company Bil ............................................................................................................................................................ 6U.S. n-energy: unviable at home; strategic instrument abroad ....................................................................................... 7Hindu Encyclopaedia to be Unveiled...........................................

.................................................................................... 9Knocking down the Malaria Causing Parasite ............................................................................................................... 10Exam for Journalists ........................................................................................................................................................ 14India is now Worlds Third Largest Internet user after U.S., China ............................................................................. 14From the Granary to the Plate, Food Security Bill ....................................................................................................... 15Carbon Nanotubes for Next-gen Conductors ...................................

............................................................................. 18An IT Tool for Freer Information ...........................................

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....... 19RISHTA helps to Shape the Lives of These Women .................................................................................................... 20GSAT-7, First Navy Satellite, Launched ....................................................................................................................... 21Turning out to be Rocket Science .................................................................................................................................. 25The Importance of the Outsider .............................................

........................................................................................ 26Make Medicines while the Sun Shines .......................................................................................................................... 28GIST OF YOJANA.............................................................................................................. 34Towards Holistic Panchayati Raj ................................................................................................................................... 35


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Equality and its Demands on Democratic Institutions ................................................................................................. 39Copyrights and Copywrongs ......................................................................................................................................... 42Economic Paradigms and Democracy in the Age of Financial Globalization .............................................................. 43Peoples, Voices, Development and Democracy ............................................................................................................ 47Political Empowerment of Women: Pathway to Inclusive Democracy....................................................................... 50Government Initiatives to Empowerment Women-Areas of Concern ......................................................................... 52GIST OF KURUKSHETRA ............................................................................................... 53Empowering Rural Women A Step Towards Inclusive Growth ................................................................................... 58Where do Women Stand in Rural India? ........................................................................................................................ 61GIST OF PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU.................................................................. 63Review of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) caps and routes in varioussectors. ...................................................... 63Cabinet Decision ..............................................................

.............................................................................................. 63Courier Services (para 6.2.10)(a) ................................................................................................................................... 64Defence (para 6.2.6) ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 www.upscportal.comGist ofTHE HINDUB NUCLEAR DETERRENCE IS OVERRATED

Thc Indian Navy has igurcd in hrccrcccn, global ncws icms. Thc launcho hc indigcnously dcvclopcd aircracarricr, INS , cxpcccd o bc opcraional by2018, makcs India only hc ih counry acr hcUnicd Sacs, Russia, hc Unicd Kingdom andFrancc o havc such capabiliy. Thc dicscl-clccricsubmarinc Primc Miniscr Manmohan Singh andhis wic, Cursharan Kaur, launchcd hc 6,000-onnc in Visakhapanam on 3uly 26, 2000.In imc, i was said, wih a lcc o ivc nuclcar-powcrcd submarincs and hrcc o our aircra

carricr balc groups, a 85-squadron air orcc andland-bascd wcapons syscms, India would cmcrgcas a major orcc in hc Indian Occan, rom hcMiddlc Fas o Souhcas Asia.Thc sracgic raionalc is o acquirc andconsolidac hc hrcc lcgs o land, air and sca-bascd nuclcar wcapons o undcrpin hc policy onuclcar dccrrcncc. Unorunacly, howcvcr, hcwholc conccp o nuclcar dccrrcncc is dccplylawcd.


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DesensitisedNuclcar wcapons arc uniqucly dcsrucivcand hcncc uniqucly hrcacning o our commonsccuriy. Thcrc is a compclling nccd o challcngcand ovcrcomc hc rcigning complaccncy on hcnuclcar risks and dangcrs, o scnsiisc policycommuniics o hc urgcncy and graviy o nuclcarhrcas and hc availabiliy o non-nuclcaralcrnaivcs as anchors o naional andincrnaional sccuriy.Limited India-Pakistan warThc puaivc sccuriy bcncis o nuclcardccrrcncc havc o bc asscsscd agains hc rcalrisks, coss and consrains, including humanand syscm crrors. Modclling by amosphcricscicniss shows ha a limicd, rcgional India-Pakisan nuclcar war using 50 Hiroshima-sizcbombs cach would, in addiion o dircc blas, hcaand radiaion dcahs, scvcrcly disrup global oodproducion and markcs and causc a nuclcar war-induccd aminc ha kills up o a billion pcoplcaround hc world.Thc cxra cauion induccd by hc bombmcans ha hc subconincns nuclcarisaion

raiscd hc hrcshold o olcrancc o Pakisanshosilc mischic, likc provocaions on hc Iinc oConrol and covcr or cross-bordcr crrorism. Yc,India did no nccd o buy dccrrcncc againsChina. Thc bcs availablc cvidcncc shows haChinas nuclcar wcapons, docrinc, posurc anddcploymcn pacrns arc dcsigncd ncihcr ococrcc ohcrs nor o igh a nuclcar war wih hccxpccaion o winning, bu solcly o councr anyacmp a nuclcar blackmail.Thc rolc o nuclcar wcapons in havingprcscrvcd hc long pcacc o hc Cold War isdcbaablc. How do wc asscss hc rclaivc wcigh

and pocncy o nuclcar wcapons, wcs Furopcanincgraion, and wcs Furopcan dcmocraisaionas cxplanaory variablcs in ha long pcacc` Thcrcis no cvidcncc ha cihcr sidc had hc incniono aack bu was dccrrcd rom doing so by hcohcr sidcs nuclcar wcapons. Moscows dramaicOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.com

crriorial cxpansion across cascrn Furopcbchind Sovic Rcd Army lincs ook placc in hcycars o U.S. aomic monopoly, 104540.Convcrscly, hc Sovic Union implodcd acr,alhough no bccausc o, gaining sracgic pariy.Historical EvidenceTo hosc who nonchclcss procss aih inhc csscnial logic o nuclcar dccrrcncc, a simplcqucsion: arc you prcparcd o provc your aih bysupporing hc acquisiion o nuclcar wcapons by


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Iran in ordcr o conribuc o hc pcacc andsabiliy o hc Middlc Fas, which prcscnly hasonly onc nuclcar-armcd sac`I is cqually concsablc ha nuclcarwcapons buy immuniy or small sacs againsaack by hc powcrul. Thc biggcs clcmcns ocauionin aacking Norh Korca i anyonc hassuch incnion lics in unccrainy abou howChina would rcspond, ollowcd by worrics abouhc Dcmocraic Pcoplcs Rcpublic o Korcasconvcnional capabiliy o hi populacd pars oSouh Korca. Pyongyangs puny arscnal o uscablcnuclcar wcapons is a disan hird acor in hcdccrrcncc calculus. Agains hc concsablcclaims o uiliy, hcrc is considcrablc hisoricalcvidcncc ha wc avcrcd a nuclcar caasrophcduring hc Cold War as much owing o good luckas wisc managcmcn. Thc 1062 Cuban missilccrisis is hc mos graphic cxamplc o his.Ausralias mos rcspcccd sracgic analys,ormcr Dcpuy Dccncc Sccrcary Paul Dibb,argucs ha Moscow and Washingon also camcclosc o a nuclcar war in 1088. Frighcningly,Washingon was no cvcn awarc o his scarc a

hc imc and any nuclcar war hcn would havcuscd much morc dcsrucivc ircpowcr han in1062.Comparcd o hc sophisicaion andrcliabiliy o hc command and conrol syscms ohc wo Cold War rivals, hosc o somc o hcconcmporary nuclcar-armcd sacs arcdangcrously rail and brilc. Nor do nuclcarwcapons buy dccncc on hc chcap:hc canno subsiuc or hc loss ohc- . Thcy can lcad o hc crcaiono a naional sccuriy sac wih a prcmium ongovcrnmcnal sccrcivcncss and rcduccd public

accounabiliy. In crms o opporuniy coss,hcavy miliary cxpcndiurc amouns o scalingrom hc poor. Nuclcar wcapons do no hclp ocomba Indias rcal hrcas o Maois insurgcncy,crrorism, povcry, illicracy, malnuriion andcorrupion. Across hc bordcr cspccially, hcrc ishc addcd risk o prolicraion o cxrcmisclcmcns hrough lcakagc, hc, sac collapscand sac capurc.NPT Thc Nuclcar Non-prolicraion Trcay(NPT) has kcp hc nuclcar nighmarc abay or 45 ycars. Thc numbcr o counrics

wih nuclcar wcapons is sill, jus, insinglc digi. Thcrc has bccn subsanial progrcss inrcducing hc numbcrs o nuclcarwarhcads. Bu hc hrca is sill acuc wih acombincd sockpilc o 17,000 nuclcarwcapons, 2,000 o hcm on high alcr. Thc NPTs hrcc-way bargain bcwccnnon-prolicraion, disarmamcn and


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pcaccul uscs is undcr srain. ThcConcrcncc on Disarmamcn canno agrccon a work plan. Thc Comprchcnsivc Tcs-Ban Trcay hasno cncrcd ino orcc. Ncgoiaions on aissilc macrials cu-o rcay arc noncarcr o saring. Thc cxpor conrolrcgimc was damagcd by hc IndiaU.S.civil nuclcar agrccmcn.B CO2EFFECT: FOCUS ON MARINE FAUNAThc occans absorb morc han a quarcr ocarbon dioxidc in hc amosphcrc, whichdissolvcs in hc wacr o orm carbonic acid. Thisway, hc occans ac as a carbon dioxidc sink.Howcvcr, as hc amoun o grccnhousc gasincrcascs in hc amosphcrc, so docs hc amounOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription

www.upscportal.como carbonic acid in hc wacrs, lcading o occanacidiicaion (OA). Thc sudics havc ound varying lcvcls oadapabiliy among dicrcn organisms.Scicniss rom hc Hclmholz Ccnrc orPolar and Marinc Rcscarch havc oundha corals and cchinodcrms (likcsarish) acc cndangcrmcn andcxincion, rcspccivcly, by 2100. Thcir indings arc morc pcrincn bccauschcy arc bascd on hc samc cmissionsccnarios uscd by hc Incrgovcrnmcnal

Pancl on Climac Changc (IPCC) oprcparc is Fih Asscssmcn Rcpor, ducou in Scpcmbcr. Corals spcnd hcir cnirc lic in onc placcand canno cicicnly compcnsac orhighcr acidiy as hcy lack hc ncccssaryphysiological mcchanisms. Thcsc organisms also sccrcc calciumcarbonac o crcac hc mos producivcccosyscms known: coral rccs. Highcr OAand warmcr climcs could incrcrc wihhc ormaion o rccs, wih hcscicniss bclicving hcy could acc

cxincion by hc cnd o hc ccnury.B INDIAS TB CONTROL Tubcrculosis is vcry much in hc ncws,bu or all hc wrong rcasons ashoragc o drugs, incrcasing muli-drugand cxcnsivc drug rcsisancc (MDR,XDR), making rcamcn bohcumbcrsomc and cxpcnsivc, oal drugrcsisancc (TDR) as a vcriablc dcahwarran, popularly uscd scrological css


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or diagnosis bcing dcclarcd worsc hanusclcss, and a govcrnmcn ordcr ormandaory casc noiicaion. Privac praciioncrs arc lcgallyauhoriscd o rca TB, bu wihou qualiychcck mcchanisms. Thcy ocn bypass hc prcscribcdrcamcn proocol, whilc MDR, XDR andTDR rcsul rom non-proocol drugrcamcn. India pionccrcd TB conrol amongdcvcloping naions. A naional TB conrol proj cc waslaunchcd in 1062. Wih BCC vaccinaionas hc main incrvcnion, hcrc was anair o cxpccancy ha i would proccagains TB. Frcc TB rcamcn wasincludcd o crcac goodwill in hccommuniy, wih public-privacparncrship (PPP). Whcn dircclyobscrvcd rcamcn, shor coursc(DOTS) bccamc popular, PPP wasncglcccd a aal law in TB conrol. In2012, Indias goldcn jubilcc ycar o TB

conrol, hc World Hcalh Organizaion(WHO) namcd India hc wors pcrormcramong dcvcloping naions, wih 17 pcrccn o hc global populaion carrying 26pcr ccn o hc global TB burdcn.BCG vaccination Indias TB conrol pionccrs P.V. Bcnjaminand Frimod-Mollcr inroduccd hc massBCC vaccinaion in hc hopc ha i wouldprocc agains inccion by TB bacilli. Prcvcning inccion is kcy o discascconrol. BCC manuacuring bcgan inChcnnai and an cxcnsivc vaccinc rial

was launchcd in Chcngalpau disric,Tamil Nadu, o mcasurc is proccivccicacy. In 1078, hc FxpandcdProgrammc on Immunisaion ook ovcrBCC vaccinaion. In1070, prcliminary rcsuls o a 15-ycar-long BCC rial showcd no proccionagains inccion by TB bacilli. Thcdisappoining rcsuls wcrc much dcbacd,and ignorcd by hc hcn TB conrollcadcrship. In 1000, hc inal rcsuls,which wcrc publishcd in hc - , conirmcd

ha hc TB conrol projcc had los hcOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comool o primary prcvcnion. In 2000, hc Indian Acadcmy o Pcdiarics


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callcd or a major rcdcsign o TB conrol,wih alcrnaivc acics o prcvcninccion and rca inccion bcorc icauscd discasc. WHOs 2012 AnnualRcpor on TB conirmcd Indias ailurc.DOTS savcs livcs rom TB moraliy, buhas ailcd o conrol TB.Infection in the AirTB bacilli sprcad hrough hc air wc brcahcin, cvcr yonc is a risk o inccion. Acrinccion, hc majoriy rcmains wcll, bu hcbacilli say alivc, lacn or dorman in body issucsor lic. Somc 10 pcr ccn will dcvclop TB discascsomc imc in adul lic. Whcn discasc pahologyis in hc lungs (pulmonary TB), hc bacilli havcan casy cscapc rouc o hc cnvironmcn. Thus,lung TB is hc criical link in hc chain oransmission coughing and spiing allow hcbacilli o conaminac hc air, and ohcrs brcahchcm in.In young childrcn, inccion can rapidly lcado discasc, callcd childhood TB, which can bcscrious and lic-hrcacning. BCC ails o proccagains inccion by TB bacilli, bu proccs

agains inccion progrcssing o childhood TB.Thus, univcrsal nconaal BCC vaccinaion savcshousands o livcs and hugc coss or diagnosisand rcamcn. Childhood TB is no inccious, so,rcaing childhood TB has no rolc in TB conrol.Thc chanccs o inccion wih TB bacilliincrcasc wih imc and inccion prcvalcnccincrcascs wih agc. In India, abou 15 pcr ccn arcincccd by 15 ycars o agc, 40-60 pcr ccn by 40ycars. Among hcm, a cw dcvclop lung TB duc ovarious risk acors. Thcy cough/spi oubillions o TB bacilli. Onc way o conrol TB is byrcaing cvcryonc wih lung TB vcry carly on o

brcak hc ransmission chain. This is hcory, apcrson wih lung TB is inccivc or many wccksand would havc alrcady incccd childrcn inconac by hc imc his spuum is cscd andound posiivc. Morc ocn han no, hc sablcdoor is shu acr hc horsc has bolcd. Yc, i allarc rcacd, ovcr a pcriod o imc, hc inccionrac migh dcclinc. Srangcly, hc argc is o rcaonly 70 pcr ccn wih DOTS. WHO csimacs haonly hal o lung TB paicns gc DOTS. This way,TB canno bc conrollcd in India. Wihou PPP, allcascs canno bc rcacd according o proocol.A Public Health Emergency

Thc TB conrol pionccrs dcsigncd rccrcamcn in hc public and privac sccors. Acrall, i hc govcrnmcn canno providc a saccnvironmcn or childrcn o grow up in wihougcing cxposcd o TB bacilli, hc lcas i shoulddo is o ocr rcc carc. Thcy dcsigncd a disric TBrcamcn modcl undcr PPP. TB conrol is aCcnral govcrnmcn projcc, whilc hcalh carc isa Sac subjcc. Thc privac sccor has growncnormously. Thc TB conrol projcc has ailcd o


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addrcss hc yawning gap bcwccn privac sccorhcalh carc and TB conrol.In hc 1080s, AIDS cncrcd India, HIVinccion is a major risk acor o TB. Diabccs,anohcr acor, is incrcasing in India. Povcry andnuriional dcicicncics arc addiional acors. Aprojcc rcvicw in 1000 conirmcd Indias ailurc oconrol TB. Thc Rcviscd Naional TB ConrolProgrammc (RNTCP) using DOTS was launchcdin 1008, hc ycar WHO dcclarcd TB a globalcmcrgcncy. Naionwidc cxpansion o RNTCP ook18 ycars as hc govcrnmcn saw no TB cmcrgcncyin India.For hosc orunac cnough o rcccivcDOTS, hc curc rac is high. Thcir dcah rac ismarkcdly rcduccd. For hosc wih cxra-pulmonary TB, a spuum cs will no hclp indiagnosis. RNTCP is no incrcscd in hcm ashcy do no sprcad TB bacilli. So, hc projccillusracs incomplcc hcalh carc and inadcquacpublic hcalh.As a RightConrol is a dcincd crm in cpidcmiologyhc discasc burdcn should bc rcduccd o a prc-

Online Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comsacd lcvcl, wihin a sipulacd pcriod o imc,and provcn o bc duc o incrvcnion and bccausco a sccular rcnd. As socio-cconomic sausincrcascs, TB should dcclinc cvcn wihou spcciicincrvcnions ha is a sccular rcnd. RNTCPhas no sc conrol argcs in crms o a imc

ramc and discasc burdcn. I is no mcasuring asccular rcnd. Thus, hc conrol in RNTCP is nocpidcmiologically sound.A criical mchod o TB conrol, praciscd incounrics wih public hcalh inrasrucurc, is odccc and rca incccd childrcn so ha hclacn bacilli arc killcd and childrcn rcmovcd romhc incccd pool. Thcy will no dcvcloppulmonary TB as aduls. This movc is casiblc inIndia, bu rcquircs a rcdcsigncd TB conrolsracgy. Boh incrvcnions, DOTS andrcamcn o lacn inccion, mus bc dovcailcdor cccivc TB conrol.

Povcry lcads o TB and TB worscnspovcry. Povcry allcviaion rcquircs TB conrol.Thc annual cconomic loss o India on accoun ounconrollcd TB was asscsscd by hc govcrnmcna $28.7 billion, whilc RNTCPs budgc is only$200 million. A rcdcsigncd RNTCP dcscrvcs alcas $1 billion. TB conrol is a oncc ahumaniarian scrvicc, human righs cnilcmcnand invcsmcn in socio-cconomic dcvclopmcn.Thc RNTCP lcadcrship has o gc back o hc


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drawing board o rcdcsign TB conrol.B NEW COMPANY BILWih Parliamcn passing hc CompanicsBill las wcck, hc counry will inally havc aconcmporar y lcgislaion o rcgulac hccorporac sccor. Thc cxising Companics Acdacs back o 1056, sincc whcn hc corporaclandscapc has dramaically changcd. Whilc hcncw Companics Ac akcs ino accoun hcprcscn cnvironmcn by ovcrhauling scvcralprovisions o hc cxising Ac, such as, orcxamplc, hc onc pcraining o audiorappoinmcns, a lo will dcpcnd on hcsubordinac rulcs undcr hc dicrcn provisionsha will ramcd by hc cxccuivc. Fvcn so, oncparicular provision on corporac socialrcsponsibiliy (CSR) has araccd a lo oacnion and commcn. Thc ncw law sipulacsha companics abovc a ccrain sizc havc o spcndwo pcr ccn o hcir avcragc nc proi o hc lashrcc ycars on CSR. This is hc irs imc ha CSRhas bccn mandacd by law in any counry in hcworld and ha hc govcrnmcn mcans busincssis cvidcn rom hc ac ha hc companys board

has o crcac a commicc o ovcrscc CSRaciviics and hc companys policy in his rcgardhas o bc poscd on is wcbsic. Thc board is alsoanswcrablc i i ails o spcnd hc mandacd sumon CSR in a paricular ycar.Thc incn bchind hc provision isobviously noblc and mcan o nudgc companics ogivc back o socicy a lilc o wha hcy akc romi. Yc, hcrc arc a cw dangcrs o mandaing CSRon companics which arc basically proi-scckingcncrpriscs answcrablc o hcir sharcholdcrs.Thcrc arc companics and indusry houscs such ashc Taas ha arc known o spcnd libcrally on

CSR bu on aciviics ha arc carcully choscn byhcm or hcir russ csablishcd spcciically orhis purposc. Wha happcns i hc aciviics undcrhc CSR rulcs o bc ramcd now do no i ino hccxising programmcs which bcnci socicyanyway` Thcrc is a dangcr hcrc ha hc bcs willurn an cncmy o hc good. Sccond, hcrc isgcnuinc conccrn ha companics will now bc opcno arm-wising by local poliicians sccking undsor aciviics ha urhcr hcir own incrcss.Wha proccion do companics havc in such ancvcn` Third, o cu down on compliancc coss,companics may wcll op o mark hc rcquircd

conribuion o hc Primc Miniscrs NaionalRclic Fund or similar such schcmcs rccogniscdby hc Ac as CSR spcnding. Civcn ha hcscconribuions also ocr ax-brcaks, hccmpaion will bc rcmcndous indccd. In such ancvcn, hc largcr purposc o hc provision willobviously bc dccacd. Thc rulcs govcrning hcprovision o bc ramcd in hc ncx cw monhsOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/courses


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Subscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comwill, hcrcorc, bc crucial o hc succcss o hisiniiaivc. I is imporan ha hc govcrnmcninvolvcs indusry associaions such as CII andFICCI in his macr.B U.S. N-ENERGY: UNVIABLE AT HOME;STRATEGIC INSTRUMENT ABROADThc irs nuclcar cncrgy plan consruccdacr hc 1070 Thrcc Milc Island accidcn will bccommissioncd in 2017 a Wayncsboro in hc Saco Ccorgia.Powcrcd by an advanccd ligh wacr rcacor,his will bc a milcsonc in wha many dcscribc asU.S. nuclcar rcnaissancc. I has considcrablcsigniicancc or India oo. Thc wo rcacors arccallcd AP-1000 which hc manuacurcr,Wcsinghousc, is rying o hard scll or hcnuclcar cncrgy plan proposcd a Mihivirdi inCujara. Wcsinghousc is building hcsc rcacorsin hc U.S. as wcll as in China, a counry ha is

dcvcloping is nuclcar cncrgy capaciy a agalloping pacc.20 rcacors arc undcr consrucion in hcCommunis naion China whilc 51 morc arcbcing planncd For Voglc Flccric CcncraingPlan, owncd by a consoria lcd by Ccorgia PowcrCompany, hc wo rcacors will cos $14 billion.Thc USP o AP-1000 is is passivc dcsignundcr which a largc rcscrvoir o wacr sis aophc rcacor. I hc rcacor has o bc shu down inhc cvcn o an cmcrgcncy, say an carhquakc, andalcrnaivc powcr sourccs do no kick o o pumpwacr ino hc corc as happcncd a hc Fukushima

Daiichi plan in 3apan, hc wacr will low bygraviy. As hc condcnscd wacr kccps lowingback, a mcl-down can bc prcvcncd or aconsidcrablc pcriod o imc.Nuclcar cncrgy policy in U.S. is goinghrough a churning likc ncvcr bcorc. Fukushimalooms ovcr cvcry narraivc, making sacy andsccuriy paramoun. As a rcsul, liccnsing o ncwplans has bccomc a imc-consuming aair,making imc and cos ovcrruns bccomc incviablcas in hc Voglc plan. A ncw challcngc iscmcrging or hc nuclcar powcr sccor romnaural gas which is chcapcr and availablc in

abundancc in hc U.S.Vicor McCrcc, Alana-bascd RcgionalAdminisraor o NRC, said nuclcar cncrgyaccouns 20 pcr ccn o powcr supplicd in hc U.S.hrough 100 plans, down rom 104 carlicrconsiuing morc han 10 pcr ccn o hcgcncraing capaciy. Yc, morc arc undcrconsrucion, hc hascncd o add.In India, abou 25 rcacors arc cihcr in hcplanning sagc (18) or arc undcr consrucion (7)


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whcrcas cxpcrs in hc U.S. havc vccrcd round ohc vicw ha hcy canno pu all hcir cggs in onc(nuclcar) baskc, hough hc govcrnmcn iscl issupporivc o nuclcar powcr. A group o visiingjournaliss rom six counrics invicd by hcForcign Prcss Ccnrc o hc U.S. Dcparmcn oSac wcn round hc Voglc nuclcar plan inCcorgia Sac whcrc work is on a a rcncic paccon Unis 8 8 4. Capaciy addiion in nuclcarcncrgy will bc dwarcd by ha in naural gaswhich will add 41 pcr ccn in hc ncar uurc Bu,hc U.S. has plans ousidc is bordcrs as i cxpccshc global nuclcar markc o rcach $750 billionovcr hc ncx 10 ycars.U. S. nuclcar cchnology should bc asracgic insrumcn o U.S. orcign policy. Thcsccond wavc o nuclcar powcr consrucion willbcgin acr 2020, said Sco Pccrson, ScniorVicc-Prcsidcn o hc Nuclcar FncrgyInsiuc.For busincss rcasons ha arc quicobvious, powcr-sarvcd India igurcs high in hispolicy.B FUEL FOR THOUGHTdccadc ago, hrcc Indian companics

Rcliancc Indusrics Id. (RII), Oil and Naural CasCorporaion (ONCC) and Cujara Sac PcrolcumCorporaion (CSPC) indcpcndcnly announccdsubsanial gas discovcrics in hc Krishna-Codavari Basin in hc Bay o Bcngal. For a ucl-sar vcd counr y, hcsc discovcrics wcrcharbingcrs o hopc and opimism. Whilc crudcOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription

www.upscportal.comimpors would coninuc, wc bclicvcd wc couldinally urn our back on polluing coal and ransio naural gas-bascd clccriciy gcncraion. In ac,in Andhra Pradcsh, our CCCT-bascd (combincdcyclc gas urbinc) hcrmal gcncraion plans camcup in hc wakc o hc announccmcn. Abundandomcsic gas supplics also mcan cnhanccd oodsccuriy, sincc gas is hc main ccdsock ormanuacuring crilizcrs.All hosc claims urncd ou o bc a lo oho air, rahcr han mchanc. Ncihcr ONCC norCSPC is anywhcrc ncar moncising hcir

rcspccivc naural gas discovcrics alhough hadocs no sop hcm rom claiming urhcrdiscovcrics in hc samc basin rom imc o imc.RII had hcn dramaically announccd ha icould producc 80 million mcric sandard cubicmccrs o naural gas cvcry day (mmscmd), aclaim ha scn is sock priccs soaring hcn. Yc,i ailcd o producc cvcn hal ha volumc, andnow producion has plummccd o a sixh o haquaniy. Whchcr hc drop in gas producion is


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duc o cchnological challcngcs, gcologicalproblcms or pricing balcs wih hc govcrnmcnis immacrial as ar as consumcrs arc conccrncd.All hc indusrics ha camc up on hc promisc oabundan gas availabiliy wcrc accd wih hugcshoragcs o gas. Thcy had o cihcr rcmainsrandcd or opcrac a a racion o hcir namc-plac capaciics, ha oo using naphha, a coslysubsiuc or naural gas.India is surroundcd by gas-rich ncighbours Turkmcnisan, Aghanisan, Bangladcsh andMyanmar. Yc, cross-bordcr gas pipclincs havccludcd us ill now. Whilc hc Turkmcnisan-Aghanisan-Pakisan-India (TAPI) pipclinc issaid o bc a a rcasonably advanccd sagc oncgoiaion, is prospccs arc doggcd by so manyproblcms ha unil ha pipclinc acuallymacrialiscs and hc gas sars lowing, i wouldbc prcmaurc o coun on i. In hc cvcn, Indiashopc o mccing burgconing gas dcmand is onlyhrough impor o naural gas in hc orm o INC(liqucicd naural gas).INC is an cxccllcn opion or counricsha canno acccss pipcd gas. Fvcn Furopc, which

is cxravaganly scrvcd by gas pipclincs romRussia, has buil scvcral INC crminals osupplcmcn Russian supplics. INC rcquircssubsanial inrasrucurc, boh a hcdispaching and rccciving cnds. INC is nauralgas coolcd a sourcc o minus 161 dcgrccs Cclsiusconvcring i ino liquid orm and shippcd incryogcnic ships. Thc imporing counry nccdscr yogcnic soragc aciliics as wcll as rc-gasiicaion crminals whcrc INC can bcconvcrcd oncc again ino gascous orm and scnhrough hc domcsic pipclinc ncwork. ScingupINC crminals is a capial-incnsivc opcraion.

India alrcady has wo opcraional INCcrminals on hc Cujara coas, and a hird onc inKochi. Morc INC capaciics arc bcing planncdalong our long coaslinc. Wih domcsic gasproducion plummcing o rccord lows, somc ohcsc will gc buil in hc ncx cw ycars.Whilc ha may sound promising o all hoscgas-bascd indusrics and powcr plans hoping orcsumc producion, hc ground rcaliy is ha INCpricing, ucrly opaquc as i is, migh badly hurIndian consumcrs. Unlikc crudc, hcrc is no globalcompciivc markc or gas, much lcss or INCwhosc priccs cnd o bc capricious, volailc and

inconsiscn.INC cxpor priccs o Furopcan dcsinaionshavc bccn drivcn down by hc shalc glu in hcU.S. Howcvcr, Asian INC priccs cnd o bc aligncdo hc priccs 3apan is willing o pay or is INCimpors. 3apans clccriciy gcncraion is almoscnircly INC-bascd, and is dcspcraion o kccphc lighs on has lcd o subsanially highcr priccsor INC in hc Asia Paciic rcgion. Tha said,sccrccy shrouds hc pricc a which INC is


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conraccd by imporing counrics, includingIndia.Fconomic hcory will cll you ha pricc-gouging is incviablc or any commodiy,cspccially ucl or ood wih inclasic dcmand,whosc pricc is ncihcr dccrmincd by compciivcOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.commarkcs nor rcgulacd by hc govcrnmcn or anindcpcndcn rcgulaor. I opcns up cnormousscopc or corrupion and kickbacks whcn a sac-owncd INC crminal opcraor (TO) gocsshopping or INC cargocs in hc incrnaionalmarkc. In hc casc o privacly-owncd INCcrminals, hc sccrccy surrounding hc pricing oINC ocrs subsanial pocnial or pricc-gouging, cspccially in an inclasic dcspcracmarkc.Yc, Indias ucl-sarvcd burgconing

cconomy canno do wihou imporcd INC.Crancd ha hc govcrnmcn or an indcpcndcnrcgulaor canno bc cxpcccd o rcgulac hc pricco a commodiy ha is wholly imporcd nor is ircalisic or casiblc o cxpcc hc govcrnmcn osubsidisc an imporcd ucl.Bu wha hc govcrnmcn can do is o bringabou a modicum o ransparcncy in INC pricingby mandaing ha all TOs, whchcr in hc publicor privac sccor, mus disclosc hc pricc a whichhcy procurc INC rom hc global markc placc. Iis impcraivc ha hc crminaling chargcs arcrcgulacd and madc ransparcn. Thcsc canno bc

lc o hc whims o individual TOs, cspcciallybccausc hc dcmand or gas is inclasic andgrowing. Whilc ransporaion coss will bcdccrmincd by global INC shipping markcs, allohcr coss such as soragc, rc-gasiicaion andmarkcing margins mus idcally bc rcgulacd byan indcpcndcn rcgulaor.Pari passu, INC crminals in hc counrymus allow opcn acccss o hcir aciliics so habulk consumcrs likc crilizcr companics or powcrplans can go and conrac hcir own cargocs andhavc hcm sorcd and rc-gassiicd a hccrminals a a ransparcn ari.

In a hal-hcarcd acmp, hc govcrnmcnhas rcccnly mandacd ha all ncw INCcrminals mus ocr a lcas 0.5 million onncso hcir shor-crm rc-gasiicaion capaciy ornon-discriminaory opcn acccss. This providcswindow or TOs o cncr ino long-crm conracso ic-up hcir cnirc capaciy. Whilc ha may bca good oucomc sincc i would cnsurc lowcrpriccs han spo purchascs, hcrc is no ccrainyha hc lowcr priccs would bc passcd on o hc


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consumcrs sincc hcrc is absolucly noransparcncy in pricing. In Furopc, all INCcrminals havc bccn mandacd o providc opcnacccss o hcir cnirc capaciy unlcss a spcciiccxcmpion has bccn sough and obaincd romhc FU rcgulaor prior o scing up hc crminal.TOs in FU also ollow ransparcncy inopcraional and commcrcial inormaion, socrucial o succcssul implcmcnaion o opcnacccss.Thc uurc o INC in India will criicallydcpcnd upon a ar-sighcd proacivc approach hacnsurcs ransparcncy, airncss and ccrainy or allsakcholdcrs, mos o all, or hc bclcagucrcdIndian gas consumcr.Thc auhor is an indcpcndcn cncrgyanalys and ormcr Mcmbcr, Pcrolcum andNaural Cas Rcgulaory BoardB HINDUENCYCLOPAEDIA TO BE UNVEILEDIn a milcsonc or Indian sudics, hcFnglish cdiion o - , aproduc o 25 ycars o rclcnlcss acadcmic corsby ncarly 1000 scholars, unvcilcd.

Thc 11-volumc cncyclopacdia which covcrsHindu spiriual bclics, praciccs and philosophy,cncompasscs morc han 7,000 ariclcs ha spanIndian hisor y, civilisaion, languagc andphilosophy, archiccurc, ar, music and dancc,mcdicinc, scicnccs and social insiuions, andrcligion, spiriualiy and hc rolc o Hindu womcn.Morc han 1,000 colour illusraions andphoographs bring hc Hindu radiions andculurc alivc or rcadcrs.Conccivcd, compilcd and produccd by hcIndia Hcriagc Rcscarch Foundaion, andpublishcd by Mandala Publishing, hc

voluminous produc is schcdulcd o bc unvcilcd ahc Univcrsiy o Souh Carolina (USC) during aday-long concrcncc.Online Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscriptionOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription


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Click Here for Full Information:http://upscportal.com/civilservices/test-series/online-ias-pre www.upscportal.comThc concrcncc will bc acndcd by RajcndraK. Pachauri, hc chairpcrson o hcIncrgovcrnmcnal Pancl on Climac Changcwhich was awardcd hc Nobcl Pcacc Prizc in 2007,

Anna Hazarc, an ani-corrupion acivis, bcsidcsSwami Chidanand Saraswai, prcsidcn oParmarh Nikcan Ashram and oundcr o IndiaHcriagc Rcscarch Foundaion.B SAGAOF WESTERN GHATSCrccnkos 24-MW Kukkc I Hydcl Projcc,proposcd in hc dcnsc orcss o DakshinKannada, highlighs how mislcading labcls likcgrccn and small can bc in rcaliy.Thc Kukkc I projcc is proposcd acrossKumaradhara acr is conlucncc wih Cundia,wo rcmarkably biodivcrsc rivcrs in hc WcscrnChas.

Crccnko has also proposcd 24-MW Kukkc IIprojcc upsrcam o Kukkc I. Iocal communiicshavc bccn opposing Kukkc I or morc han a ycarduc o is hiddcn submcrgcncc dcails andimpacs.Crccnko wcn rom saing ha hcrc is nosubmcrgcncc, o 21 hccarcs submcrgcncc. Bu,modclling sudics by Ccnrc or FcologicalScicnccs, Indian Insiuc o Scicncc rcvcal hahis small projcc will submcrgc 888.71 hccarcs,including 110.1 hccarcs o rcmarkablybiodivcrsiy rich orcss.Karnaaka Rcncwablc Fncrgy Dcvclopmcn

Corporaion issucd a Sop Work noicc on KukkcI in Fcbruary 2012, dcmanding a dcailcd sudy osubmcrgcncc arca.Kumaradhara is cxccpionally rich inbiodivcrsiy, wih scvcral discovcrics bcing madcrcqucnly. Thc rivcr has wo rarc communiy ishsancuarics closc o hc projcc, ccming wihcndangcrcd Dcccan Mahsccr, which will bcscvcrcly acccd by hc projcc. Thc rivcr is homco 56 ish spccics 28 cndcmic, 11 vulncrablc


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and cigh cndangcrcd. Fivc ncw spccics havcbccn discovcrcd jus in hc las ycar. Fxpcrs havcbccn calling o procc Kumaradhara as a ishsancuary. Howcvcr, Kukkc I docs no cnvisagc aish pass or ish o migrac, ncihcr docs i plano rclcasc cnvironmcnal lows or susaining hcdownsrcam ccosyscm or hc rivcr.Whcn hc Souh Asia Ncwork on Dams,Rivcrs and Pcoplc (SANDRP) and local groupsraiscd his issuc in our commcn o hc ClcanDcvclopmcn Mcchanism (CDM) applicaion ohc projcc, Crccnko cacgorically rcspondcd.Thc Ncravahi and Kumaradhara rivcrshavc morc han 44 small hydcl projccs planncdbumpcr-o-bumpcr. Bu by a qucsionablcomission in hc Fnvironmcn Impac Asscssmcn(FIA) Noiicaion (2006), hydcl projccs lcss han25 MW arc cxcmp rom cnvironmcnalclcarancc. Hcncc, such projccs rcquirc no FIA,public hcaring or cnvironmcn managcmcn plan,no macr how scvcrc hcir impacs maybc.SANDRP has bccn wriing o hc Minisry oFnvironmcn and Forcss wih cvidcncc oimpacs, rcqucsing hcsc projccs bc brough

undcr FIA Noiicaion.Ironically, Kukkc I is now rcqucsingrcgisraion or carbon crcdis hrough hc ClcanDcvclopmcn Mcchanism o hc Unicd NaionsFramcwork Convcnion on Climac Changc. Thccnircly lawcd CDM applicaion proccsshighlighs hc murky naurc o carbon crcdis inIndia, wih consulans, validaors, rcvicwcrs andhc Naional CDM Auhoriy orming a carcl.Kukkc projccs arc jus onc cxamplc o hc kind oraud ha is rouinc in small hydcl and CDMprojccs.B KNOCKING DOWN

THE MALARIA CAUSING PARASITETargcing hc malaria parasics abiliy omakc an iron-conaining molcculc, hacm, mighhclp crcac a vaccinc agains hc discasc and alsolcad o novcl drug hcrapics or blocking inccionand ransmission, according o rcscarch rom acam o Indian scicniss ha was publishcdrcccnly in -In hc coursc o is complcx lic cyclc, hcOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Month

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscriptionOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscriptionOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Month


17/95

http://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comparasic is ablc o acccss hacm whcn i inccs rcdblood cclls and gobblcs up hc hacmoglobin hosccclls conain. Hacmoglobin is hc molcculc hamakcs i possiblc or rcd cclls o ranspor oxygcnaround hc body.Work carricd ou wo dccadcs back a C.Padmanabhans laboraory a hc Indian Insiuco Scicncc (IISc) in Bangalorc had lcd o hcdiscovcry ha ncvcrhclcss hc human malariaparasic could also synhcsisc hacm. Thc cnzymcsinvolvcd in hc complcx, muli-scp proccss uscdby hc parasic or doing so wcrc subscqucnlyworkcd ou.Now, cxpcrimcns carricd ou by a cam oscicniss a hc IISc and hc Naional Insiuc oMalaria Rcscarch havc shown ha having hccapabiliy o synhcsisc hacm was absoluclycsscnial or hc parasics dcvclopmcn inmosquiocs as wcll as in carly sagcs o inccionwhcn i invadcs hc livcr.Whcn hc singlc-ccllcd parasic consumcs

hacmoglobin ound in rcd cclls, hc largc amounso hacm gcncracd as a conscqucncc is oxic o hcorganism. I ovcrcomcs hc problcm by urninghacm ino an insolublc pigmcn, hacmozoin.Howcvcr, hc parasic nccds hacm or iron-conaining procins, known as cyochromcs, haarc csscnial or is own cncrgy producion.Thc qucsion ariscs whchcr hc parasicdcpcnds on hacm biosynhcsis or hacmrom hacmoglobin or a combinaion o boh omakc miochondrial cyochromcs, obscrvcdViswanahan Arun Nagaraj, a Ramanujan Fcllow aIISc, and his collcagucs in hc papcr.

To hclp answcr ha qucsion, hc scicnissurncd o - , a malaria parasicha inccs micc. Thc was gcncicallymodiicd so ha wo gcncs or cnzymcs hcparasic rcquircd o synhcsisc hacm wcrcknockcd ou. Thc scicniss wcrc ablc o showha whilc much o hc hacm rom hacmoglobinbrcakdown cndcd up as hacmozoin, somc o iwas also incorporacd ino hc parasicscyochromcs.Thcn, hrough cxpcrimcns using hchuman malaria parasic, - hcy ound ha hacm synhcsiscd by

hc parasic whilc i was in rcd cclls wcn inocyochromcs as wcll as hc hacmozoin pigmcn.I may bc ha hc abiliy o synhcsischacm was criical o hc parasic in siuaionswhcrc i could no gc acccss o hc hoss hacm,such as whcn an incccd individual had sicklc ccllanacmia, said Pro. Padmanabhan, who is a co-auhor o hc papcr.Clear proofThc scicniss ound clcar proo ha


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hacm synhcsis was vial or hc parasicsdcvclopmcn in mosquiocs. Parasics ha wcrcunablc o makc hacm did no givc risc o isinccious orm, known as sporozoics, in hcinsccs salivary glands.Ccncically cnginccrcd whichhad onc gcnc or hacm synhcsis knockcd ou,could makc hacm and producc sporozoics whcnhc missing incrmcdiac molcculc was supplicd.Howcvcr, hosc sporozoics, lacking hc abiliy ogcncrac hacm, wcrc unablc o incc micc.Knocking ou gcncs or hacm synhcsiscould bc a way o producc gcncically acnuacdsporozoics ha migh scr vc as a vaccinccandidac or malaria, according o Dr. Nagaraj.Rcccnly publishcd rcscarch had shown haacnuacd sporozoics could bc an cxrcmclycccivc vaccinc agains malaria.B THE NEW NOTE ON MINT STREETFxpccaions arc running high abou hcRcscrvc Bank o India (RBI) govcrnor-dcsignac,Raghuram Rajan unusually or an RBI govcrnor,his appoinmcn was no jus rcporcd by bu alsocommcncd on cdiorially in hc orcign prcss.

Iiving up o hcsc cxpccaions will bc a hugcchallcngc or Dr. Rajan. I is bad cnough ha hcIndian cconomy has o copc wih alling growh,high inlaion and an advcrsc cxcrnal posiion.Wha makcs hings morc diicul or him is hamany o his pas posiions arc a odds cihcr wihOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.com

hosc o hc inancc minisry or hc RBI or boh.Three IssuesDr. Rajan nccds o rcad warily on hrccissucs in paricular. Onc, whchcr hc RBIsmandac should bc conincd o pricc sabiliy orwhchcr i nccds o pursuc ohcr objccivcs aswcll, such as growh, currcncy sabiliy andinancial sabiliy.Two, whchcr corporac houscs should bcgrancd bank liccnccs and bascd on wha cricria.Thrcc, hc rolc o hc Financial Sabiliy andDcvclopmcn Council (FSDC).Bcgin wih hc mandac o hc ccnral bank.

In is rcpor in 2008, hc Commicc on FinancialSccor Rcorms (CFSR), ha Dr. Rajan chaircd,madc is posiion clcar. This Commicc ccls hamoncary policy should bc rcoricncd owardsocusing on a singlc objccivc, and hcrc arc goodrcasons why his objccivc should bc priccsabiliy (dcincd as low and sablc inlaion). Ancxchangc rac obj ccivc would limi policyopions or domcsic macrocconomicmanagcmcn and is no compaiblc wih an


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incrcasingly opcn capial accoun.This is no and has ncvcr bccn hc vicwcihcr o hc inancc minisry or hc RBI. Thaapar, hc prcscn cconomic siuaion makcs iimpossiblc o ocus on pricc sabiliy alonc. Thcwholcsalc pricc indcx, which hc RBI uscs orpurposcs o moncary policy had, unil hc mosrcccn monh, shown signs o dcclining. Coingby pricc sabiliy alonc, i could bc argucd hamoncary policy mus swich o aciliainggrowh.Going by ReerHow do wc squarc moncary casing wihhc all in hc rupcc` Many in hc poliical classarc ap o scc hc rupcc as a symbol o a naionsviriliy bu his is no a vicw ha scnsiblccconomiss would sharc. In judging whchcrdcprcciaion has bccn cxccssivc or no, hcywould go by hc rcal cccivc cxchangc rac(Rccr). In hc ycar cndcd 3unc 2018, hcdcprcciaion in hc Rccr, wcighcd by radc wihrcspcc o 86 currcncics, was jus hrcc pcr ccn.Ovcr a much longcr pcriod, 2005-18, hcdcprcciaion in hc Rccr has bccn only six pcr

ccn, no macr ha hc dcclinc in nominal crmsin hc samc pcriod was ncarly 22 pcr ccn. Fvcn iwc wcrc o acor in hc all in hc rupcc sincc3unc, hc dcclinc in hc Rccr would all broadlywihin hc RBIs comor zonc o ivc pcr ccn ina givcn ycar.Bcorc hc all o around Rs.65 in rcccndays, hcrc was hus a srong casc or hc rupcc odcclinc in nominal crms. Thc casc wasparicularly srong, givcn wcak global dcmand orcxpors. This is onc rcason hc panicky rcaciono hc dcclinc in hc rupcc is ovcrdonc. Anohcrrcason is ha i ignorcs hc ac ha currcncics

across a rangc o cmcrging cconomics havc allcnsharply bccausc o hc scnsc ha Fcd is abou oapcr o Quaniaivc Fasing, which had scnunds looding ino cmcrging markcs. Thcconcnion ha hc rupccs sharp all is cnirclyor mainly bccausc o somc spccial brand occonomic mismanagcmcn on hc par o NcwDclhi jus docs no wash.Craning hc casc or dcprcciaion, howcvcr,hc RBI canno allow hc rupcc o go ino a rccall. Forcign inlows ino India mus bc rcckoncdin dollar crms bccausc hc dollar is hc rcscrvccurrcncy. Too sccp a dcclinc in hc rupcc wih

rcspcc o hc dollar could rcsul in an cxodus oForcign Insiuional Invcsor unds, no macrha hc radc-wcighcd rcal cxchangc rcmainsrclaivcly sablc. Thcrc will always bc a casc omanagc volailiy in hc rupcc so as no o upscorcign invcsors.Tha is why hc RBI hough i i o clampdown on liquidiy and ighcn incrcs racs a hcshor cnd a cw wccks ago. I ook hc vicw haoo rapid a all in hc rupcc could causc a


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pocnially disasrous ligh o unds. Howcvcr,hc markcs wcrc quick o lach on o anohcrproblcm: hc RBIs acmp o shorc up hc rupccposcd a hrca o a hird ccnral bank objccivc,Online Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comnamcly, inancial sabiliy. Bank socks wcrchammcrcd hcavily in hc days acr hc RBIighcncd liquidiy and wih good rcason.Banks had akcn posiions on bonds in hccxpccaion ha yiclds wcrc rcnding down andarc now incurring losscs on hcsc. Privac banks,which dcpcnd hcavily on wholcsalc dcposis,accd subsanially highcr unding coss. Mosimporanly, an incrcasc in incrcs racsincrcascs corporac disrcss, which impacs onbanks qualiy o asscs.Crowh orccass, including ha o hc RBI,havc bccn rcviscd downward in rcccn wccks.

Whcn slow growh is combincd wih hcighcncdproblcms in hc banking sccor, i grcalyincrcascs hc chanccs o a raing downgradc and hc vcry ligh o orcign invcsors ha hcRBI is sccking o prcvcn. Thc RBI sccms o havcrcaliscd ha is acmps o ighcn liquidiy cana bcs bc shor-crm hcrapy and i has akcnscps o rcvcrsc is coursc. Oncc hc rupccsabiliscs, i will bc ncccssary o rcvcrsc his alland movc owards cnginccring dcclinc inincrcs racs.Banking and CorporatesYcs, hcrc is hc dangcr o a ligh o unds,

cspccially unds invcscd in dcb. Bu undsinvcscd in cquiy migh wcll choosc o say,givcn hc boos o corporac prois rom lowcrincrcs racs. Thcy will also bc cncouragcd byongoing projccs procccding owards complcion.A hc samc imc, wc mus prcparc or hc worsconingcncy a signiican ligh o orcignunds by arranging capial inlows in cvcryconccivablc way: non-rcsidcn Indian dcposis,ovcrscas borrowings by public sccorundcrakings, ncgoiaions wih hcIncrnaional Moncary Fund or a linc o crcdi.Whacvcr hc coursc o acion, Dr. Rajan canno

hold as o hc CFSRs posiion ha moncarypolicy mus ocus on pricc sabiliy alonc.On hc issuc o bank liccnccs, hc RBI andhc minisry arc unicd in hinking ha hc imchas comc or hc icld o bc opcncd o corporacs.Thc CFSR, in conras, had concndcd ha i wasprcmaurc o allow indusrial houscs o ownbanks. I cicd hc prohibiion on hc bankingand commcrcc combinc in hc Unicd Sacs andsaid hc samc was ncccssary in India unil privac


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govcrnancc and rcgulaory capaciy improvc.Thcrc is no jus hc conccpual issuc owhchcr corporacs should bc allowcd inobanking. Thcrc is also hc pracical macr ocnsuring ha hc sclccion proccss is no viiacdby chargcs o corrupion. This is no casy ask,givcn hc clou ha many o hosc in hc raycnjoy. In a rcccn spccch, RBI Covcrnor Dr. D.Subbarao argucd ha lcing in Indian corporacswould lcad o innovaion o ncw busincssmodcls or inancial inclusion I his is whahc RBI bclicvcs, hcn Dr. Rajan mus cnsurc hainancial inclusion is madc hc primary cricrionor hc gran o ncw bank liccnccs.Regulatory BodyFinally, hcrc is hc rolc o hc FinancialSabiliy and Dcvclopmcn Council. This body hasis gcncsis in hc CFSR rcpor. Thc CFSR hadsuggcscd hc crcaion o an apcx rcgulaoryagcncy ha would havc rcsponsibiliy ormonioring syscmic risks and cnsuringcoordinaion among hc dicrcn rcgulaors inhc inancial sccor. Thanks o hc FinancialSccor Icgislaivc Rcorms Commission (FSIRC),

his idca has sincc mcamorphoscd ino onc ovcsing sauory auhoriy in hc FSDC, wih hcFinancc Miniscr prcsiding ovcr i.No doub poliicians and burcaucras arcsmacking hcir lips in anicipaion o an FSDCwih grcacr powcrs bu hc RBI undcr Dr.Subbarao has brislcd a hc suggcsion. Hc hasinsiscd ha hc FSDC should bc a coordinaionbody and ha cvcry carc should bc akcn o cnsurcha hcrc is no inringcmcn o hc auonomy orcgulaors. Hc has cxprcsscd similar conccrnsabou hc FSIRCs proposal o vcs hc conduc omoncary policy wih a council dominacd by

Online Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comousidcrs. Dr. Rajan brings o hc job a dcgrcc oincllccual capial, pcrhaps unmachcd by any ohis prcdcccssors. Sill, in rcconciling divcrgcnvicws and rcvisiing his own, hc has his work cuou. Hc mus know by now ha no RBI govcrnorcan aord o anagonisc hc inancc minisry

bcyond a poin. Nor can hc aord o alicnac hcRBI communiy, onc ha is lcgiimacly proud ois radiions and cxpcrisc and is sanding inhc world o rcgulaors.B EXAM FOR JOURNALISTS3ournaliss in India havc no spccial righs.Unlikc hc Unicd Sacs, rccdom o hc prcss inhc counry docs no low rom any spccialprovision or amcndmcn o hc Consiuion, burom hc righ o rcc spccch and cxprcssion.


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Ariclc 10(1) (a) o hc Indian Consiuionconcrs his righ subjcc only o rcasonablcrcsricions spcciicd in Ariclc 10(2).Thcrcorc, o proposc liccnccs,qualiicaions and common cnrancccxaminaions or journaliss, as Inormaion andBroadcasing Miniscr Manish Tcwari did a cwdays ago, is o ry o circumscribc and limi hcundamcnal righ o rccdom o spccch andcxprcssion. Disscminaion o inormaion mighbc hc busincss o somc ncws organisaions, bui is also an csscnial par o hc cvcr ydayaciviics o counlcss Indians who alk, pos,upload or wcc wha hcy scc, hcar, scnsc orhink. Wha disinguishcs journaliss cmploycdby a ncws organisaion and privac individualsaking advanagc o social mcdia and pcrsonalcommunicaion channcls o disscminacinormaion is no hc naurc o hcir work, buhc public sanding and crcdibiliy ha hcycommand. Any acmp o prcscribc liccnccs andqualiicaions or journaliss will ncccssarily cndup limiing wha ordinary ciizcns can do. As inohcr dcmocracics, ncwspapcrs in India do no

rcquirc a liccncc o opcrac. In auhoriarian ormanagcd dcmocracics, whcrc prcss liccnsing ishc norm, hc hrca o a canccllcd liccncc isocn cnough o cnsurc hc mcdia ocs hc oiciallinc. I journaliss arc o bc givcn liccnccs, canncwspapcr liccnsing bc ar bchind`B INDIA IS NOW WORLDS THIRD LARGESTINTERNET USER AFTER U.S., CHINAIndia has bypasscd 3apan o bccomc hcworlds hird largcs Incrnc uscr acr China andhc Unicd Sacs, and is uscrs arc signiicanlyyoungcr han hosc o ohcr cmcrging cconomics,global digial mcasurcmcn and analyics irm

com Scorc has said in a rcpor.India now has ncarly 74 million Incrncuscrs, a 81 pcr ccn incrcasc ovcr March 2012, hcrcpor says.Thc numbcrs arc lowcr han ohcr rcccncsimacs, possibly rclccing comScorcsmchodology ha only acors in PC and lapop-bascd Incrnc usagc.Thc Tclccom Rcgulaory Auhoriy o India(TRAI) pcggcd hc numbcr o Incrnc subscribcrsin India a 164.81 million as o March 81, 2018,wih scvcn ou o cigh acccssing hc Incrncromhcir mobilc phoncs.

Thc comScorc rcpor, on hc ohcr hand,pus mobilc and ablcd-bascd Incrnc raic ajus 14 o hc oal.Mobilc phonc bascd Incrnc usagc is a kcycomponcn o Indian Incrnc usagc, and Id sayhc rcccn growh is bcing drivcn by mobilcIncrnc usagc.Thrcc-ourhs o Indias onlinc populaionis undcr 85 as agains jus ovcr hal worldwidc,hc comScorc rcpor, India Digial Fuurc in Focus


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2018, says, possibly rclccing Indias morc rcccnimprovcmcns in licracy.Mcn undcr 85 and womcn bcwccn 85 and44 arc hcavicr uscrs. Bu womcn accoun or lcsshan 40 pcr ccn o all Indian uscrs, a ar lowcrscx raio han ha o ohcr counrics.A quarcr o imc spcn onlinc is on socialmcdia, hc comScorc rcpor says, and anohcr 28pcr ccn on cmail.Whilc Cooglc sics havc hc mos uniqucOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comvisiors, Nc uscrs spcnd hc mos imc onFaccbook, which is a sccond placc as ar asuniquc visiors arc conccrncd.Yahoo, Microso and Wikimcdia sicsollow in uniquc visior numbcrs.Among social mcdia sics, Iinkcdin andTwicr arc hc ncx mos popular, whilc Orku is

in dcclinc. Cooglc is by ar hc mos popularscarch cnginc, accouning or 00 pcr ccn o allscarchcs in India.Onlinc rcail is on hc risc, wih domcsicrcail sics bcing hc mos popular, hc rcpornocs.Thc locus o onlinc dominancc has movcdscadily owards Asia, which now accouns or41 o all Incrnc uscrs, rom having 66 o alluscrs in 1006, hc Unicd Sacs now accouns orjus 18.China has hc worlds biggcs onlincprcscncc, Is Incrnc uscrs ounumbcr Indians

by a raio o 5: 1. Brazils Incrnc prcscncc grcwascr han Indias ovcr hc las ycar.B NICARAGUA WANTS INDIA TO JOIN INMEGA CANAL PROJECTNicaragua wans o involvc Indianbusincssmcn in a $40-billion projcc o conncchc Paciic and Alanic Occans by a mammohcanal. Thc projcc has bccn awardcd o a Chincsccnrcprcncur and will bc longcr han hc PanamaCanal, bu somc doub i i will cvcr bc complccd.Thc canal accs opposiion romcnvironmcnaliss as i will cu across a majorrcshwacr lakc. I is likcly o bc uscd by supcr

largc ankcrs carrying shalc gas o Asian markcsand India is among hosc counrics ha could gcgas rom hc U.S.B FROM THE GRANARY TO THE PLATE,FOOD SECURITY BILLThc Naional Food Sccuriy Bill, now anordinancc, has bccn a argc o susaincd aacksin hc busincss mcdia in rcccn wccks. Thcrc isnohing wrong, o coursc, in bcing criical o hcbill, or cvcn opposcd o i. Indccd, hc bill has


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many laws. Wha is a lilc roubling, howcvcr, ishc shrill and ill-inormcd naurc o many o hcscaacks. Saisical hocus-pocus has bccn dcploycdwih abandon o producc wildly cxaggcracdcsimacs o hc inancial coss o hc bill, andno cxprcssion sccms o bc oo srong odisparagc i. Thc ac ha hc ood bill couldbring somc rclic in hc livcs o millions o pcoplcwho livc in condiions o crriying insccuriysccms o coun or vcry lilc.FindingsMcanwhilc, rcccn sudics shcd somc usculligh on hc sac o Indias Public DisribuionSyscm (PDS) onc o hc conrovcrsialoundaions o hc bill. As ar as hc bclowpovcry linc (BPI) quoa is conccrncd, hcrc is aclcar rcnd o scady improvcmcn in manySacs, including somc ha had a vcry poor PDSno so long ago. A rcccn sudy o hc PDS inKorapu, onc o Odishas poorcs disrics, oundha almos all BPI houscholds wcrc rcccivinghcir ull monhly quoa o 25 kg o ricc a hcsipulacd pricc. Similar indings cmcrgcd rom asurvcy o hc PDS in wo disrics o Uar

Pradcsh (Iakhimpur Khcri and Chirakoo), whcrcmos BPI houscholds wcrc gcing hcir duc 85kg o ricc or whca pcr monh. Thc main problcmwas hc rcsricivc naurc o hc BPI lis, whichlc many houscholds cxcludcd. Thcsc survcysconirm carlicr indings o a sudy by hc IndianInsiuc o Tcchnology in 2011 ha BPIhouscholds in ninc samplc Sacs rcccivcd 84 pcrccn o hcir PDS cnilcmcns.I is in hc abovc povcry linc (API) quoaha cmbczzlcmcn coninucs in many Sacs. InUar Pradcsh (U. P. ), API houscholds arcsupposcd o gc 10 kg o whca pcr monh, bu

mos o hc API quoa gocs sraigh o hc blackmarkc. Thc gravy lows all hc way o hc op: hccompliciy o hc hcn Food Miniscr, Raja Bhaiya,in his scam was cxposcd las ycar by , buhc rcaincd his pos. Rcccninvcsigaions suggcs ha lcakagcs in hc APIOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.com

quoa arc also vcry high in Bihar, 3harkhand, andMadhya Pradcsh, among ohcr primc ocndcrs.Thc main rcason or his vulncrabiliy isha hc API quoa is rcacd as a dumping groundor cxccss oodgrain socks. In rcccn ycars,oodgrain procurcmcn has incrcascd by lcaps andbounds, bu disribuion undcr hc BPIand quoas has rcmaincd much hcsamc, sincc allocaions arc ixcd and liing isclosc o 100 pcr ccn. To modcrac hc


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accumulaion o cxccss socks, hc Ccnralgovcrnmcn has bccn pushing largcr and largcramouns o oodgrain ino hc API quoa, whichis now almos as largc as hc BPI quoa (closc o20 million onncs o oodgrains in 2012-18). Oncconscqucncc o his dumping is ha hccnilcmcns o API houscholds arc, by naurc,unclcar and unsablc, in ac, hcy arc nocnilcmcns bu handous. This givcsmiddlcmcn a icld day, sincc API houscholds arcocn conuscd as o wha hcy arc supposcd ogc, or whchcr and whcn hcir quoa has arrivcd.Thc currcn siuaion in U.P., whcrc mos o hcAPI quoa gocs sraigh o hc black markcwihou anyonc raising hc alarm, is jus ancxrcmc cxamplc o his siuaion.Rectifies PDS defectsThc ood bill is an opporuniy o clcan uphis mcss, and o curc wo basic dcccs o hcPDS: largc cxclusion crrors, and hc lcaky naurco hc API quoa. In ccc, hc bill abolishcs hcAPI quoa and givcs common cnilcmcns o amajoriy o hc populaion: 75 pcr ccn in ruralarcas and 50 pcr ccn in urban arcas. Thcsc arc

naional covcragc raios, o bc adjuscd Sac-wiscso ha hc covcragc is highcr in hc poorcr Sacs.In his ncw ramcwork, pcoplcs cnilcmcns willbc much clcarcr, and hcrc will bc grcacr prcssurcon hc syscm o work. Indccd, widc covcragc andclcar cnilcmcns arc wo pillars o hc airlycccivc PDS rcorms ha havc bccn carricd ouin many Sacs in rcccn ycars (ohcr aspccs ohcsc rcorms includc dc-privaisaion o raionshops, compucrisaion o rccords andransparcncy mcasurcs). Sccn in his ligh, hcbill can bc a good movc no only or ood sccuriy,bu also rom hc poin o vicw o cnding a

massivc wasc o public rcsourccs undcr hc APIquoa.Cash TransfersThc main goal o hc PDS is o bring somcsccuriy in pcoplcs livcs, saring wih proccionrom hungcr bu going wcll bcyond ha. A wcll-uncioning PDS libcracs pcoplc rom hcconsan car ha i migh bc diicul o makccnds mcc i crop ails, or i somconc alls ill, ori hcrc is no work. Thc valuc o his arrangcmcnhas bccn wcll dcmonsracd in many Sacs Tamil Nadu, Chhaisgarh, Odisha, Rajashan,among ohcrs. Whchcr a syscm o cash

ranscrs could scrvc hc samc purposc a lowcrcos, and how long i would akc o pu in placc,arc issucs ha nccd urhcr scruiny and dcbac.Mcanwhilc, hc PDS is in placc, hcrc is a raionshop in cvcry villagc, and hugc ood socks kccppiling up. I sccms scnsiblc o usc hcsc rcsourccswihou dclay. In any casc, hc ood bill docs noprccludc a cauious ransiion o cash ranscrs iand whcn hcy provc morc cccivc han hcPDS.


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Three ProblemsHaving said his, hcrc arc many rcasons orconccrn ovcr hc impac o hc bill. Thrcc rclacdproblcms look incrcasingly scrious. Firs, hcrc isa dangcr o ovcr-ccnralisaion o hc PDS undcrhc bill, a a imc whcn many Sac govcrnmcnsarc making good progrcss wih rcorming hcPDS on hcir own. To illusrac, hc bill sccks oimposc a syscm o pcr-capia cnilcmcns (c.g.5 kg o oodgrains pcr pcrson pcr monh) acrosshc counry, as opposcd o houscholdcnilcmcns (c.g. 25 kg pcr houschold). Pcr capiacnilcmcns arc ccrainly morc cquiablc andlogical han houschold cnilcmcns. Bu hcransiion rom hc lacr o hc ormcr is no asimplc macr, and could bc vcry disrupivc i i isOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comimposcd ovcrnigh rom hc op. 3us hink abou

how an old widow in Rajashan, who livcs aloncand survivcs on hcr monhly quoa o 25 kg oPDS ricc, would ccl on bcing old ha hcrcnilcmcn is bcing slashcd o 5 kg pcr monh.Political ToolThc sccond dangcr is cxccssivc hasc. As hccounry gcars up or a sring o clccions, hcCcnral govcrnmcn and somc Sacgovcrnmcns arc kccn o as rack hc roll-ouo hc bill or clccoral purposcs. A scnsc ourgcncy is ccrainly appropriac as ar as oodsccuriy is conccrncd, bu unduc hasc could bcvcry councrproducivc. For insancc, somc Sac

govcrnmcns apparcnly proposc o usc hc BPICcnsus o 2002 o idcniy cligiblc houscholds,inscad o hc morc rcccn and rcliablc Socio-Fconomic and Casc Ccnsus jus o spccdhings up. This is a disasrous idca. A bccr wayo as racking hc roll-ou o hc bill would bc ounivcrsalisc hc PDS in hc counrys poorcsdisrics or blocks.Ias bu no lcas, hc promulgaion o anordinancc has urncd hc bill ino a poliicalooball. Thc Congrcss claims ha hc bill is anon-parisan iniiaivc, bu is also rying o usc ias an clccoral card. Thc Bharaiya 3anaa Pary

says in hc samc brcah ha i suppors hc billand ha i will no allow Parliamcn o uncion.Thc Samajwadi Pary is shcdding crocodilc carsor armcrs, bu is unablc o cxplain why hc billis ani-armcr. Thc All India Anna DravidaMunncra Kazhagam claims ha hc bill isagains Tamil Nadus incrcss, wihoumcnioning ha i will cnablc hc Tamil Nadugovcrnmcn o savc largc amouns o moncy onricc purchascs rom hc Ccnrc. Thc rcal issucs arc


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gcing los in hcsc squabblcs.I rcmains o bc sccn whchcr hc monsoonscssion o Parliamcn will providc an opporuniyo rcpair his damagc, and also o considcr hcmuch-nccdcd amcndmcns o hc bill. Thc silvcrlining is ha ood sccuriy has inally bccomc alivcly ocus o dcmocraic poliics in India.Whacvcr happcns o hc bill, Sac govcrnmcnsarc undcr grca prcssurc o rcorm hcir PDS andmakc i work or pcoplc rahcr han or corrupmiddlcmcn and hcir poliical mascrs. This waslong ovcrduc.B CARBONNANOTUBES FOR NEXT-GEN CONDUCTORSNcw rcscarch has cmcrgcd rom hcNaional Insiuc o Advanccd Indusrial Scicnccand Tcchnology (AIST), 3apan, which makcspossiblc lighcr conducors ha can carry largcrcurrcns.Icd by an Indian chcmis, rcscarchcrs havcound ha whcn carbon nanoubcs arc cmbcddcdin coppcr, hc rcsuling ncw macrials ampaciygcs booscd o a massivc 10,000 pcr ccn, wih anclccrical conduciviy comparablc o coppcrs.

Maximum CurrentAmpaciy is hc maximum amoun ocurrcn a conducor can carry bcorc losing isclccrical propcrics. A largc ampaciy is vial ogood pcrormancc. Howcvcr, o lac, rcscarchcrsworldwidc havc ocuscd morc on boosingconduciviy han ampaciy.Less DenseThc ncw macrial, dubbcd CNT-Cu (orcarbon nanoubcscoppcr), consiss o 45 pcr ccnCNTs by volumc, and is lcss dcnsc han a purccoppcr conducor by 42 pcr ccn. To producc i,hc rcscarchcrs clccrodcposicd coppcr ino hc

porcs o macroscopic CNT solids such asbuckypapcr.This mchod is morc prolongcd and coslicrhan convcnional mchods likc ion dispcrsion.Dr. Chandramouli hinks his is hc only hurdlcor commcrcially dcploying CNT-Cu.Thcrc is a dominan proccssing cos. Wc arcnow rying o rcducc i and makc i morcappcaling o indusrics.An advanagc o hc macrial is ha ircduccs hc amoun o coppcr rcquircd andOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/courses

Subscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comprovidcs 100 imcs highcr pcrormancc. So wccxpcc ha hc cos-by-pcrormancc o hismacrial will bc acccpablc o indusrics, hc said.Coppcr conducors arc assailcd by amcchanism callcd clccromigraion ha


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supprcsscs is ampaciy.As clccrons movc insidc hc conducor,hcy arc ocn scacrcd by aoms in hcir pah. Ashc currcn dcnsiy incrcascs, scacring alsoincrcascs unil, a a hrcshold callcd hcconducors raing, hc macrial can no longcrconduc hc clccrons, rcsuling inclccromigraion.Higher AmpacityCNT-Cu achicvcs highcr ampaciy bysupprcssing clccromigraion ha occurs incoppcr wircs, whcrc clccrons arc scacrcd ohcir pah by coppcr aoms. This imposcs a limion hc amoun o chargc hc wirc can carrywihou mos clccrons gcing scacrcd, callcdis raing.In casc o CNT-Cu, hc ncgaivcly chargcdpariclcs arc channclcd o movc hrough aconinuous mcsh-likc ncwork ormcd by hcnanoubcs, avcring scacring.In his circumsancc, hc raingaccommodacs an ampaciy o 600 MA/cm{+2].Thc papcr nocs ha ampaciy o up o 1,200 MA/cm{+2]is hcorcically possiblc.

B LISTENING TO DEAD CELLS SCREAMClcaring dcad cclls is a vial par o hcbodys uncioning. Cclls ha arc aging, damagcdor incccd arc programmcd o dic, a proccsscallcd apoposis, hcn clcarcd ou and rcplaccd.Thc clcarancc is carricd ou by immunc cclls callcdphagocycs which cngul and dcsroy hcapopoic cclls.This is commonly sccn in scvcralinlammaory discascs likc lupus in humans. Thccam lcd by Mcans has dcscribcd a molcculc hais crucial or dcad ccll rcmoval in micc and, iconirmcd in humans, could bc uscd o rca such

disordcrs.Dcad cclls dicrcniac hcmsclvcs romhcir hcalhy councrpars by molcculcs on hcirsuracc ha ac as ca mc signals orphagocycs. C1q molcculc is onc such ca mcsignal. Wha was no known unil now is hcrcccpor procin on hc phagocyc whichrccogniscs and binds o hc C1q on hc dcad ccll,bcorc cnguling i.In hc - worm, a rcccpor callcdCFD-1 is known o do his. Micc and humanshavc a similar procin callcd SCARF1 on hcsuracc o hcir phagocycs. Thc scicniss

wancd o cs hc hypohcsis ha SCARF1 inmammals could bc playing a similar rolc as CFD-1 in worms.For his, Mcans and his cam brcd miccmodiicd o lack SCARF1. Thcy ound ha dcadccll clcarancc in hcsc micc was impaircd andwihin a cw monhs hcy dcvclopcd lupus-likcsympoms. This provcd ha hc rcccpor isindccd crucial o rccognisc and cngul dcad ccllswih hc C1q ca mc signal. Thc SCARF1-


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mcdiacd mcchanism is no hc only modc odcad ccll clcarancc, bu i is a signiican onc.Bascd upon our sudics wc bclicvc ha SCARF1conrols approximacly 40 pcr ccn o dcad ccllclcarancc, said Mcans.According o Mcans human SCARF1 oo hasbccn shown o mcdiac binding and cngulmcno C1q-bound dcad cclls, bu has no cnough.Furhcr work will bc nccdcd o inhibi SCARF1cxprcssion on human cclls or o idcniy humanswih SCARF1 dcicicncy o dccrminc hc rolc inhumans.I SCARF1 provcs o play a rolc in humans,hcn rcamcn sracgics involving drugs haincrcasc SCARF1 cxprcssion, or SCARF1 procinsha cnhancc hc upakc o dcad cclls could bcdcsigncd or lupus paicns.B ANIT TOOL FOR FREER INFORMATIONDcspic hc laws ha arc in placc, scckinginormaion rom any govcrnmcn is no casy ask.Whchcr you arc a mcmbcr o hc public scckingOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:

at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comsomching, or worsc sill, a journalis nosingaround o rcvcal hosc sccrcs, anyonc who hasilcd hcsc rcqucss can imaginc hc diiculyinvolvcd.Unicd Sacs Frccdom o Inormaion Ac(FOIA) is onc such law ha rics o bring ingovcrnmcn accounabiliy hrough publicdcmand. I is, howcvcr, riddlcd wih complcxiics,making i a painul proccss.

This projcc ha sarcd in lac 2012 aimcda collccing saisics on rcsponsc imcs ha hcgovcrnmcn ook o public rccords ac rcqucss. Inis prcscn avaar, howcvcr, i auomacs hcproccss o iling hc rcqucs and racks isprogrcss, apar rom aggrcgaing his daa.On 3uly 16, hc projcc was launchcd onKicksarcr o covcr hc scrvcr coss, inishdcvclopmcn and curac hc daa. Ovcrwhclmingsuppor mcan ha hc schcdulcd unding goal o$17,500 was rcachcd in lcss han wo days. As hccampaign is opcn ill Augus 16, hc addiionalamoun collcccd allows hcm o srcch hcir

goals o includc cnhanccd caurcs, improvcddcsign and an API.Ovcr 800 journaliss havc alrcady signcd upor his scrvicc whcn i launchcs o hc gcncralpublic, which is hc cnd o his ycar.Oncc launchcd, hc CIR will hand ovcr hcFOIA Machinc o Invcsigaivc Rcporcrs andFdiors (IRF), a naional, nonproi uni.Whilc hc FOIA Machinc docs havcovcrlapping caurcs wih scvcral public rccords


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projccs likc Ccrmanys Frag dcn Saa, BriainsWha Do Thcy Know` (uscs Alavccli),Nchcrlands Nulpun and US-bascd MuckRock, ihopcs o bc a complcc packagc, rcc or cvcryonc.B RISHTA HELPS TO SHAPE THE LIVES OFTHESE WOMENFvcn rouinc gynaccological problcmsamong womcn arc indicaivc o ncgaivc licsiuaions and can bc associacd wih cmoionaland scxual hcalh risk, hc indings o a projccimplcmcncd in a slum communiy in Mumbaiovcr hc pas six ycars havc suggcscd. An carlyand holisic incrvcnion in marricd livcs canhclp miigac hc risk o womcns scxual hcalhproblcms, i said.Thc Rcscarch and Incrvcnion or ScxualHcalh: Thcory o Acion (RISHTA) proj ccocusscd acnion on hc sympom o vaginaldischargc and csablishcd a Womcns HcalhClinic in 3unc 2000 in hc Urban Hcalh Clinicscrving a low incomc communiy inhabicdlargcly by Muslims. Fvcry woman rccruicd inohc projcc 1125 o hcm was askcd oprovidc a mcdical hisory, o undcrgo an incrnal

cxaminaion, and cs or scxually ransmicdinccions (STI) bcorc bcing givcn rcamcn.RISHTA uscd a muli-lcvcl approach wih avicw ha bringing abou changcs in womcnsaiudcs mus bc accompanicd by posiivcchangc in hc marial rclaionship andcommuniy norms ha pcrpcuac gcndcrincquiablc aiudcs. Thc approach incorporacdcounsclling on marial rclaions wih womcn andgroup mccings o couplcs. I also includcd acommuniy cducaion componcn o argcgcndcr incquiablc norms.Vaginal dischargc is hc lcading sympom

or which womcn in India and Souh Asia scckcarc. Thcrc is cvidcncc o provc ha womcnsccking rcamcn or his is paricularly highamong hc poor, rcprcscning a physical,cmoional and inancial burdcn or low-incomcamilics.From a biomcdical pcrspccivc, vaginaldischargc is mos likcly o bc a normal, non-pahological, biochcmical proccss inlucnccd bydic and hormonc lcvcls and hc mcnsrual cyclc.In hc mcdical licraurc, his condiion has bccnaribucd o rcqucn or carly onsc o scxualaciviy, scxual incrcoursc during mcnsruaion,

usc o hormoncs and oral conraccpivcs,anibioic mcdicaion, inscrion o vaginal agcnsor birh conrol, complicaions wihscrilisaion, lack o pcrsonal hygicnc andrcproducivc rac inccion.Online Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription


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www.upscportal.comRISHTA implcmcncd by hcIncrnaional Ccnrc or Rcscarch on Womcn andis collaboraing parncrs subscqucnly askcdcvcry woman who camc o hc clinic complainingo whic dischargc abou any rclacd cvcns or licsiuaions ha shc accd, including inancialproblcms, diicul communicaion or conlicwih husband, problcm wih cxcndcd amily,cxpcricncc o cocrcivc or orccd scx or ohcrphysical or psychological abusc, poor scl imagc,rcsricions on hc womans bchaviour andhusbands cxramarial scx or alcohol or ohcrsubsancc usc.B GSAT-7,FIRST NAVY SATELLITE, LAUNCHEDCSAT-7, Indias irs ull-lcdgcd miliarycommunicaions sacllic, was launchcd rom hcKourou spaccpor o Frcnch Cuiana in SouhAmcrica.Thc muliplc-band spacccra will bc uscdcxclusivcly by hc Navy o shorc up sccurc, rcal-imc communicaions among is warships,

submarincs, aircra and land syscms. CSAT-7/INSAT-4F is said o signiicanly improvc hccounrys mariimc sccuriy and inclligcnccgahcring in a widc swahc on hc cascrn andwcscrn lanks o hc Indian Occan rcgion.Around 2014-15, ISRO is cxpcccd o launch hcsccond naval sacllic, CSAT-7A.A Furopcan Arianc 5 rockc carrying hcdomcsic sacllic and a Qaar spacccra ook orom Kourou and rclcascd CSAT-7 ino acmporary oval orbi abou 85,000 km high,Indian Spacc Rcscarch Organisaion said.Thc Mascr Conrol Faciliy a Hassan,

abou 180 km rom hcrc, pickcd up is signalsimmcdiacly and opcncd is powcr gcncraingsolar pancls.Thc 2,650-kg CSAT-7 is hc las o ISROsscvcn ourh-gcncraion sacllics. Is orcignlaunch cos has bccn pu a Rs. 480 crorc, wih hcsacllic cosing Rs. 185 crorc.Par undcd by hc Navy, i is buil o mcchc Navys a long-crm modcrnisaion plan haincludcs usc o sacllics and inormaioncchnology. Chics o Naval Sa havchighlighcd spacc-bascd communicaions as vialor is ncwork-ccnric opcraions.

According o sacllic communicaioncxpcrs, hc UHF band is bcing uscd or hc irsimc in an INSAT and will boos communicaionand inclligcncc ncwork across a widc rcgion.Thc prcmium S band will cnablccommunicaion rom mobilc plaorms likc ships.Thc Ku band allows high-dcnsiy daaransmission, including voicc and vidco. A spccialground inrasrucurc has also bccn crcacd. ForFuropcan launch company Ariancspacc, his was


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hc 17h ISRO sacllic sincc 1081.B TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORTNovcmbcr 8, 1061, was a landmark or hcIndian Navy. Indias maidcn aircra carricr,INS (ormcrly HMS - ), wih isull load o ammuniion, Sca Hawks and Alizcaircra (and a crcw o 1,100), was ccrcmoniouslyrcccivcd by Primc Miniscr 3awaharlal Nchru ahc Ballard Picr o Bombay. 3.R.D. Taa was onc ohc invicd gucss. Pandi was akcn aroundhc ship by Chic o hc Naval Sa (CNS) ViccAdmiral R.D. Kaari, (Flag Oiccr CommandingIndian Flcc FOCIF) Rcar Admiral B.S. Soman,and hc ships capain, Pccr [Priam Singh]Mahindroo.Rcar Admiral Sadashiv Karmarkar, hc irsIndian o command Briish oiccrs onRINS , was hc Flag Oiccr Bombay(FOB). Thc Navy had o bcrh hc 20, 000on a Ballard Picr, hc only bcrh whcrchc carricr could havc bccn accommodacd wihull load. No bcrh in hc naval dockyard couldaccommodac hc ully loadcd and shcnccdcd o lighcn o 17,000 ons. A similar

siuaion is prcvalcn or hc 47, 500 onINS a Mumbai, and which is sc oarrivc. Shc will bc bcrhcd ingcniously a hcoucr naval dockyard bcrh wih spccial ponoonsOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.commanuacurcd by Coa Shipyard Id., illpcrmancn aciliics a INS Kadamaba a Karwar

arc sc up as par o Projcc Scabird.The Great Bombay explosion3.R.D. Taa and Karmarkar wcrc wincsscs ohc amous Bombay Vicoria Docks Fxplosionha ook placc on April 14, 1044. SS ForSikinc carrying a cargo o coon balcs, gold andammuniion including 1,400 ons o cxplosivcs,caugh irc and cxplodcd and brokc ino wo. Inhc impac, windows 12 km away in Bombay wcrcshacrcd. Thc scismographs a Shimla rccordcdrcmors. Many pars o Bombay wcrc wipcd oubccausc o hc blass and ircs ha ragcd or wodays. Showcrs o burning macrial sc irc o

Bombays slums. Flcvcn vcsscls bcrhcd closc bywcrc sunk or damagcd and 800 dcahs rcporcd.Thc mcmory saycd.In 1068, 3.R.D. Taa, a visionary, hcard ohc Navys nccds and lcarn i was going orcclaim land owards hc Taj Mahal hocl, a sic hcrcasurcd, o cxpand hc vinagc naval dockyard.Icarning o hc cos o ncw bcrhs and drcdginghc approachcs o hc naval dockyard wcrc worhhundrcds o crorcs, hc Taas iniiacd a busincss


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sudy and ocrcd o dcvclop a dccp wacr navalbasc and a por in Cujara ncar 3amnagar, supcrioro Kandla, o bcrh Vikran and ohcr warships odccongcs Bombay.Karmarkar (also a visionary), duc odicrcnccs wih CNS Soman, was abruply rcircdin 1064. Thc Taas wcrc kccn o cncr hcshipping and por busincsscs, and 3.R.D. kncwKarmarkar, had a closc working rclaionship wihDccncc Miniscr Y.B. Chavan, who had bccnappraiscd o, and was in suppor o hc proposalo dccongcs Bombay. 3. R. D. suggcscd oKarmarkar o join and pursuc hc projcc romBombay Housc.A his juncurc, hc wcalhy Chowgulcs,who hailcd rom Coa, and wih hcir shipping andmcrcanilc cxpcricncc, bough sca ronagc aNhava Shcva. Thcy applicd o hc govcrnmcn osc up a ship rcpair and building yard wihbcrhing aciliics opposic Mumbai, and madchc ocr o hc Navy o rclocac across hcharbour. Thcy cmploycd Karmarkar or hcvcnurc. Thc proposal ncarly wcn hrough wihChavans blcssings. Unorunacly, hc union

cabinc rulcd ha shipbuilding and pors wcrc asracgic indusry o bc rcscrvcd or hc publicsccor. Thc land a Nhava Shcva was acquircd orhc 3awaharlal Nchru Por Trus (3NPT).Ticking bombThc Navy buil ncw bcrhs, a ncw dry dock,a submarinc basc, INS Vajrabahu, and cxpandcdhc naval dockyard on scmi rcclaimcd land. Thcbcrhs insidc Iion Cac arc locacd ncx o BallardFsac, jus a soncs hrow rom hc Cacway oIndia, and a kilomcrc rom hc Sock Fxchangcand Mumbais busincss disric, hc hub o Indiascconomic aciviy. In hc cvcn o a warship or a

submarinc loadcd wih wcapons accidcnallyblowing up, hc arca will bc vulncrablc ocxcnsivc damagc, disrupion and sucrcconomic loss in billions.Thc 1044 SS For Sikinc ragcdy bcarsrcscmblancc o hc wo massivc cxplosionsINS Sindhurakshakcxpcricnccd on Augus 14,sucring damagc o hc wcapon loadcd bows andhcn sinking. Six bodics havc bccn rccovcrcd. Thccauscs arc bcing invcsigacd, and i has arrcd hcNavys good submarinc rccord whcn comparcdwih ohcr navics. I is spcculacd ha a irc orcxplosion could havc rippcd hc bacr y

comparmcn whcrc raccs o hydrogcn arc alwaysprcscn, jus undcr hc orpcdo and missilc ubcsin hc doublc-hullcd submarinc. This could havcsc hc combusiblc oil anks and wcaponpropcllans on irc and ignicd warhcads.As pcr sandard opcraing proccdurcs,opcraional submarincs and warships cmbarkmissilcs and orpcdocs, bu hcir warhcads arcno armcd wih dconaors, and considcrcdrclaivcly sac rom sympahcic dconaion. Bu


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hc pocncy o warhcads is incrcasing. In uurc,Online Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comhc damagc hrough an accidcn or macrialailurc or saboagc would bc unimaginablc, andwhich canno bc rulcd ou in his agc o crror.Iimpc mincs can bc uscd, as hc ITTF cmploycd.Naval divcrs cncrcd hc manglcd hullo Sindhurakshak and rccovcrcd charrcd bodics.Anohcr Kilo submarinc, Sindhurana , doublcbcrhcd alongsidc, sucrcd a irc i waspossibly hcr ancchoic rubbcr ilcs covcring hchull ha caugh irc. Shc was owcd o sacy. Thccpisodc is a sark warning no morc canwarships and submarincs rcadicd or opcraionalduics bc bcrhcd ncar big mcropoliscs, as hcycarry lchal missilcs, orpcdocs, mincs androckcs wih ons o cxplosivc ladcn warhcadsand propcllans, and arc also icd wih volailc

bacrics, ha can spark. Howcvcr ailsac hcymay bc considcrcd o bc, hc chancc o a ircbrcaking ou and sympahcic dconaion canncvcr bc rulcd ou.At VisakhapatnamNaval bcrhs o hc cxpanding Indian Navyarc locacd in hc hubs o Mumbai andVisakhapanam. Thcy nccd rclocaing or sacyrcasons. Thc Navy is on hc hrcshold o a largccxpansion, o 47 ships, as sacd by CNS AdmiralD.K. 3oshi. Hcncc, i nccds o spccdily complccphasc wo o hc Scabird projcc a INSKadamba o rclocac Wcscrn Command

opcraional ships, and considcr scing upanohcr ncw basc on hc wcs coas or Indiasmariimc cxpansion. A worsc siuaion prcvails inVisakhapanam whcrc nuclcar submarincs arcbcrhcd. Thc naval basc is juxaposcd wih arcincry, a crilizcr bcrh and hc rain calciningplan ncx o onc o Indias busics harbours. ThcNavy sharcs a wall wih hc sprawling HindusanShipyard Id. Thc por has a vcry narrow cnranccha can bc blockcd by sinking a rawlcr. Thiscould bolc up hc Fascrn Flcc and is nuclcarsubmarincs. Hcrc again, hc Navy cxpandcd rom1060 and buil, wih Sovic suppor, hc largcs

naval dockyard in hc Fas.Case for greenfield basesBoh Admirals Daya Shankar and Corshkovin hc 1070s had suggcscd ha a ncw grccnicldnaval basc and dockyard bc buil aBhccmunipaam or Kakinada as a uurisicopion, bu i was urncd down. Mrs Candhicarcd hc Sovics would ask o usc i as a basc. Inhc 1000s, hc Dccncc Rcscarch andDcvclopmcn Organisaion ook a sccion o hc


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o hc dcmisc o hc plancs mos crcaivc andambiious approach o biodivcrsiy conscrvaion,social dcvclopmcn and climac changcimmcdiacly sparkcd a icry dcbac on hc uurco hc worlds biggcs cco-syscm, wih Mr. Corrcablaming hc rich naions or ailing o supporhc schcmc o arac donaions or Fcuador.Wih only $18 million so ar in acualdonaions, hc said hc had bccn orccd o abandonhc und as hc world has ailcd us.I was no chariy ha wc sough rom hcincrnaional communiy, bu co-rcsponsibiliy inhc acc o climac changc, said Mr. Corrca, whohad launchcd hc schcmc in 2010 wih hc aim oraising $8.6 billion, almos 50 pcr ccn o hcvaluc o hc rcscrvcs in hc parks Ishpingo-Tambococha-Tipuini (ITT) oil icld, ovcr 18ycars.A ha imc, hc ITT Iniiaivc, as hcprojcc is known, was wclcomcd as an alcrnaivco hc cors o hc Unicd Naions o dcal wihclimac changc and biodivcrsiy loss as ipromiscd o hc kccp carbon in hc ground in a2,00,000- hccarc corncr o hc park and, in hc

proccss, hclp o rcdisribuc wcalh rom richnaions o hc dcvcloping world and wildlic.Lip ServiceBu in hc pas wo ycars, hc lcadcrs odcvclopcd counrics ocn paid lip scrvicc o hcprojcc and Hollywood sars appcarcd or phoo-ops in hc junglcs wih hick vincs, cxoic plans,rarc birds and cndangcrcd rcpilcs, bu Fcuadorsplcas or unds o savc o local cconomicprcssurcs cll on dca cars, cvcn as dcvclopingnaions likc Indoncsia and Chilc donacd a cwmillion dollars o hc projcc.On Friday, hundrcds o pcoplc gahcrcd in

Quio o procs agains Mr. Corrcas dccision, buhcrc was no visiblc angcr agains hc richcounrics whosc non-coopcraion acually lcd ohc schcmcs ailurc.Now, a coaliion o cnvironmcnal andindigcnous groups is vowing o kccp hcFcuadorcan govcrnmcn and oil companics ou ohc arca, which is homc o a lcas wo isolacdribcs. Thc govcrnmcn docsn havc hc righo dissolvc hc Yasuni-ITT Iniiaivc bccausc hisdocsn bclong ohcm, saidFspcranza Marincz,hc prcsidcn o hc Accion Fcologicacnvironmcnal group.

Thc iniiaivc was a proposal ha camcromcivil socicy.ProtestsThc dcbac may urn ino angry procss ashc groups arc planning a scrics o marchcs aswcll as lcgislaivc acions o rcscuc hc projcc.Humbcro Cholango, hc prcsidcn o hcpowcrul Concdcraion o IndigcnousNaionaliics o Fcuador, has said his groupwould do whacvcr is ncccssary o block oil


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cxploraion in hc arca. Thc FcuadorcanPrcsidcns assurancc ha hc oil cxploraionwould lcavc mos o hc park unouchcd,accing lcss ha onc pcr ccn o is arca, hasdonc lilc o dousc hc angcr o cnvironmcnalaciviss.In hc rcgion, hc collapsc o hc und isbcing sccn as a major scback in igh againsOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscription www.upscportal.comclimac changc and cors o savc hc Amazonrainorcs. Fcuador, which is also homc o hcCalapagos Islands, is hc only counry in hcworld o havc rccogniscd hc righs o naurc inis Consiuion.B TURNING OUT TO BE ROCKET SCIENCEOncc again, a Ccosynchronous SacllicIaunch Vchiclc (CSIV) is on hc launch pad aSriharikoa. This launch will bc crucial acr

wo succcssivc ailurcs o hc rockc, hc IndianSpacc Rcscarch Organisaion can ill aord oncmorc roublcd ligh. Morcovcr, hc spacc agcncynccds o dcmonsrac ha, acr 20 ycars o cor,i has now mascrcd cryogcnic cchnology.Thc CSIV rcains hc irs wo sagcs o isprcdcccssor, hc Polar Sacllic Iaunch Vchiclc(PSIV). In ordcr o carry hcavicr sacllics hanhc lacr, hc hird sagc o hc CSIV uscscr yogcnic propulsion. Running on liquidhydrogcn and liquid oxygcn, a cryogcnic cngincocrs grcacr cncrgy cicicncy han hosc hausc ohcr propcllans. Thc improvcd cicicncy

mcans ha hc uppcr sagc can carry lcsspropcllan, wih hc wcigh savcd ranslaingdirccly ino morc payload.ISRO ricd o purchasc cr yogcniccchnology rom wha was hcn hc Sovic Union,bu hc dcal ha was signcd in 1001 ran inoroublc acr hc U.S. imposcd sancions. Russia,which inhcricd hc dcal acr hc brcakup o hcSovic Union, backcd ou o providing hccchnology bu agrccd o supply scvcn ligh-worhy sagcs or hc CSIV.Ic wih no opion, ISRO bcgan hcCryogcnic Uppcr Sagc Projcc in April 1004 or

dcvcloping an indigcnous vcrsion o hc Russiancryogcnic cnginc and sagc. Whilc hiscchnology dcvclopmcn was in progrcss, i couldly hc CSIV wih Russian-madc sagcs.Thc CSIV, cquippcd wih a Russiancryogcnic sagc, irs lcw in 2001. Howcvcr,unlikc hc PSIV, which shook o hc ailurc o isirs launch and wcn on o noch up 28consccuivc succcsscs, hc CSIV has bccn roublcpronc. In is scvcn lighs so ar, hrcc wcrc


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ourigh ailurcs and anohcr wo sucrcd scriousproblcms.In April 2010, hc CSIV lcw or hc irsimc wih an indigcnous cryogcnic sagc. Closc oivc minucs acr li-o, hc cryogcnic cnginccamc o lic bu only vcry bricly. Wih hrusrom ha cnginc ailing o pick up, hc rockcsoon umblcd ino hc sca.In Dcccmbcr hc samc ycar, hc CSIV waslown again, his imc wih a Russian cryogcnicsagc. Bu disascr sruck yc again, wih hcvchiclc going ou o conrol lcss han a minucino hc ligh, brcaking up ino picccs andcxploding ino lamcs ovcr Sriharikoa.ISRO has gonc o grca lcnghs o lcarnrom hosc ailurcs and adop suiablc changcs,say scnior oicials o hc spacc agcncy.Thc Russian cryogcnic cnginc and sagcdcsign is complicacd. Booscr urbopumpsinsallcd a hc boom o hc liquid hydrogcn andliquid oxygcn anks mainain a scady low opropcllans o hc main urbopump.Glitch RectifiedAnalysis o hc daa radiocd down by hc

rockc during is April 2010 ligh showcd hahc booscr urbopump supplying liquid hydrogcnhad causcd hc problcm. Thc urbopump hadsarcd up normally and aaincd a maximumspccd o 84,800 rcvoluions pcr minuc. Bu isroaion slowcd acr lcss han onc sccond andsoppcd soon acrwards.A dcailcd rcvicw concludcd ha onc o hcpumps scals could havc grippcd hc roaing shaas a rcsul o hcrmal dcormaion or somc inyconaminan bccoming wcdgcd somcwhcrc.Alcrnaivcly, hc casing o hc urbinc ha drivcshc pump could havc rupurcd.

Thc rcvicw lcd o a ighcning omanuacuring olcranccs or hc booscrurbopumps pars as wcll as morc sringcnproccdurcs or is asscmbly. Fxcnsivc csing hasOnline Coaching for IAS Exams - at Just 100 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/coursesSubscribe "The Gist" Yearly Subscription Here:at Just 40 Rs. Per Monthhttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/the-gist-subscriptionThe main features of the Essay course would be- Get articles on how to write a good essay, and how to improve your writing skills.

2 Essays per Month.

Each Essay topic would be communicated, along with a suggested framework, to help you to getstarted.

Thorough Evaluation of each essay by an expert team, along with the Grade-sheetfor your essay, tolet you know about the marks breakup.


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Communication about the quality and other aspects of the essay through mail andphone.

Guidelines for each essay before you start writing.

Automatic registration in monthly open essay competition.

And, of course, attractive prizes for the top entries.

The cost of the course has been low so as to help every section of the student community. Buyingonly a book costs you Rs. 300+, without any guidance and support. But the UPSCPORTAL givesyou the opportunity to prepare for the essay paper in just Rs.599 Rs. 399, with all guidance andsupport, and prizes for the toppers.

The Best Performers of the Essay Course would be awarded with a Certificate ofAppreciation fromUPSCPORTAL, to decorate your Resume.

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229631289-The-Gist-November-2013

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