22.1 The Scientific 22.1 The Scientific Revolution Revolution In the mid-1500s, scientists begin In the mid-1500s, scientists begin to question accepted beliefs and to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on make new theories based on experimentation experimentation
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22.1 The Scientific 22.1 The Scientific RevolutionRevolution
In the mid-1500s, scientists begin In the mid-1500s, scientists begin to question accepted beliefs and to question accepted beliefs and
make new theories based on make new theories based on experimentationexperimentation
The Roots of Modern ScienceThe Roots of Modern Science
The Medieval ViewThe Medieval View• Most knowledge in Most knowledge in
the Middle Ages the Middle Ages comes from the comes from the Bible and Bible and Greek/Roman Greek/Roman sources.sources.
• 4 moons of Jupiter 4 moons of Jupiter (Jupiter has 8 moons)(Jupiter has 8 moons)
• Sun spotsSun spots
Galileo Galilei
Conflict with the Conflict with the ChurchChurch• Church attacks Church attacks
Galileo’s work, fears Galileo’s work, fears it will weaken it will weaken people’s faithpeople’s faith
• Pope forces Galileo Pope forces Galileo to declare his and to declare his and other new findings other new findings are wrongare wrong
Cristiano Banti's 1857 painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method
A Logical ApproachA Logical Approach• Revolution in thinking leads to development of Revolution in thinking leads to development of
scientific method—a series of steps for forming scientific method—a series of steps for forming and testing scientific theoriesand testing scientific theories
Bacon and DescartesBacon and Descartes• Thinkers Bacon and Descartes help to create Thinkers Bacon and Descartes help to create
scientific methodscientific method• Bacon urges scientists to experiment before Bacon urges scientists to experiment before
drawing conclusionsdrawing conclusions• Descartes advocates using logic and math to Descartes advocates using logic and math to
reason out basic truthsreason out basic truths
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) René Descartes (1595-1650)
Newton Explains the Law of GravityNewton Explains the Law of Gravity
Newton’s TheoriesNewton’s Theories• English scientist Isaac English scientist Isaac
Newton develops theory Newton develops theory of motion—states some of motion—states some forces rule motion of forces rule motion of planets, matter in planets, matter in space, and earthspace, and earth
• LAW OF GRAVITYLAW OF GRAVITY
Isaac Newton in 1689
Newton Explains the Law of GravityNewton Explains the Law of Gravity
Newton’s Theories Newton’s Theories (continued)(continued)• Motion in space and Motion in space and
earth linked by the law earth linked by the law of universal gravitationof universal gravitation—holds that every —holds that every object is universe object is universe attracts every other attracts every other objectobject
• Newton views the Newton views the universe as a vast, universe as a vast, perfect mechanical perfect mechanical clockclock
Isaac Newton in 1702
The Scientific Revolution SpreadsThe Scientific Revolution Spreads