1 21 October 2018 What a difference two weeks makes. Maize planting is well underway around the country in generally good conditions. The cool conditions of last weekend are seeing emerging crops yellow, but nothing some sun and warmth won’t change. Seed supply A number of contributors have noted that there have been issues with seed supply, with contractors having to juggle planting jobs according to seed availability, and some growers even having to change hybrids because their preferred hybrid is not ready. Given the early order campaigns run by the seed companies it is surprising there is a hold up in seed supply. Environmental Protection Authority chemical for reassessment During the week the EPA released a list of 40 chemicals up for 'reassessment'. Click here for more information on the reassessment process. Click here to see the list of chemicals prioritised for review. The full FAR response is given on page 2 of this Maize Action. Maize Action for the next fortnight: Seed orders – check with your seed supplier that your seed will be available when you need it. Paddock preparation – prepare paddocks for maize planting based on soil conditions, not date. Slugs - Monitor for slugs that will be present following wet weather, especially along paddock borders or in direct-drilled or strip-tilled paddocks. See page 5 for further information on slugs. Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) was rampant in many areas last autumn due to the wet conditions. As this disease over-winters in crop debris, it would be wise to consider hybrids with high NCLB resistance if you are re-planting maize into paddocks which suffered NCLB infection last season. Brown marmorated stink bug - Be on the lookout for this potentially devastating insect (page 6). If any are suspected call the MPI Biosecurity hotline on 0800 80 99 66. Soil testing - The prolonged wet weather is likely to have resulted in nutrient leaching, especially sulphur. Soil testing and consulting with your fertiliser representative will clarify nutrient levels and whether any remedial action may be required. Communication - Contractors will be under pressure to meet all clients’ requirements. Be patient but also communicate regularly with updates on, for example, soil conditions (over the entire paddock/s not just the drier portions). Getting equipment stuck in wet paddocks destroys soil structure and slows contractors’ progress and patience.
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1
21 October 2018
What a difference two weeks makes. Maize planting is well underway around the country in generally
good conditions. The cool conditions of last weekend are seeing emerging crops yellow, but nothing
some sun and warmth won’t change.
Seed supply
A number of contributors have noted that there have been issues with seed supply, with contractors
having to juggle planting jobs according to seed availability, and some growers even having to change
hybrids because their preferred hybrid is not ready. Given the early order campaigns run by the seed
companies it is surprising there is a hold up in seed supply.
Environmental Protection Authority chemical for reassessment
During the week the EPA released a list of 40 chemicals up for 'reassessment'. Click here for more
information on the reassessment process.
Click here to see the list of chemicals prioritised for review. The full FAR response is given on page 2
of this Maize Action.
Maize Action for the next fortnight:
Seed orders – check with your seed supplier that your seed will be available when you
need it.
Paddock preparation – prepare paddocks for maize planting based on soil conditions, not
date.
Slugs - Monitor for slugs that will be present following wet weather, especially along
paddock borders or in direct-drilled or strip-tilled paddocks. See page 5 for further
information on slugs.
Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) was rampant in many areas last autumn due to the wet
conditions. As this disease over-winters in crop debris, it would be wise to consider hybrids
with high NCLB resistance if you are re-planting maize into paddocks which suffered NCLB
infection last season.
Brown marmorated stink bug - Be on the lookout for this potentially devastating insect
(page 6). If any are suspected call the MPI Biosecurity hotline on 0800 80 99 66.
Soil testing - The prolonged wet weather is likely to have resulted in nutrient leaching,
especially sulphur. Soil testing and consulting with your fertiliser representative will clarify
nutrient levels and whether any remedial action may be required.
Communication - Contractors will be under pressure to meet all clients’ requirements. Be
patient but also communicate regularly with updates on, for example, soil conditions
(over the entire paddock/s not just the drier portions). Getting equipment stuck in wet
paddocks destroys soil structure and slows contractors’ progress and patience.
2
FAR’s response to EPA Richard Chynoweth, FAR
General context
• Agrichemicals play an important role in the management of weeds, pests and diseases on
arable farms, ensuring yields and economic viability.
• Farmers would love to not use agrichemicals, particularly some of those with recognised
human health and environmental risks.
• Farmers take agrichemical safety very seriously and all farmers or farm staff using
agrichemicals must be appropriately trained on chemical storage, safety and use e.g. via
GrowSafe.
Chemical families and resistance
• Chemicals are grouped by mode of action (sometimes called chemical families), i.e., how they
work to kill the weed, pest or disease in question.
• A chemical family may contain many different chemicals, with different trade names or active
ingredients (but the same mode of action).
• When chemicals from the same mode of action are repeatedly used to control a weed, pest
or disease, resistance may develop (just like anti-biotic resistance in humans).
• A number of weeds, pests and diseases are beginning to develop resistance to various
chemical families.
• Resistance management strategies are used by growers to prevent, or at least slow the
development of resistance. Generally, they require alternating the use of chemical families,
so that if a weed, pest or disease population is resistant to one chemical family/mode of
action, it can still be controlled by another (again, just like anti-biotic resistance in humans).
• For this reason, it is important to maintain access to a range of chemicals from different
families/modes of action.
Integrated pest/weed/disease management (IPM)
More growers are now seeing the economic and environmental benefits of IPM. IPM aims to use
agrichemicals in the least disruptive way and only when necessary. For example, in IPM systems,
growers take advantage of naturally occurring beneficial insects to destroy insect pests and only use
chemicals when absolutely necessary.
Biosecurity
Some broad spectrum chemicals must remain available in case of biosecurity incursions. For example,
the insecticide chlorpyrifos, while no longer widely used on arable farms, is the go-to product in the
case of any new pest. We know it will work and can use while developing on more targeted
approaches. Chlorpyrifos was an important tool when the pea weevil incursion was discovered in
Wairarapa in 2016 and for red clover case bearer in Canterbury during 2017/18.
Chemicals on the new EPA reassessment list
Some of those listed, are already being phased out. For example, diazinon, which is an
organophosphate, will not be available for use after 2028/29. This phase out period has been set in
place to provide the industry with time to plan and test alternative strategies for long term control of
grass grub, New Zealand’s most costly pest of crops and pasture.
3
Of those listed, it would be disappointing to lose access to:
o alachlor, newer chemistry is available for use on grass weeds in several crops,
particularly maize, however, it is effective and cost effective
o folpet, which is a new to New Zealand fungicide and considered very important in
resistance management strategies of diseases in cereal crops.
o paraquat, which despite its well-recognised toxicity, is important in a number of less
commonly grown seed crops such as red clover and plantain. As with all chemicals,
appropriate storage and use will remove most of the risks around toxicity.
o trifluralin, producing brassica seed crops would be difficult without this herbicide,
which targets grass weeds. Some replacements are becoming available, but it is very
useful.
EPA process
FAR fully supports the EPA in its evidence based approach to chemical assessments and
reassessments.
NIWA Seasonal climate outlook October - December 2018
The consensus from international models is for the tropical Pacific to transition toward El Niño over
the next three-month period (68% chance over October – December 2018). The probability for El Niño
conditions being established remains high until autumn 2019, with a 71% chance for El Niño conditions
over the April – June 2019 period. The two maps below suggest the far north, Bay of Plenty, Hawke’s
Bay and Canterbury regions are likely to experience dry conditions in spring; and the Bay of Plenty,
Gisborne and Canterbury are likely to experience dry conditions in summer.
www.niwa.co.nz/media-gallery/detail/109969/36754 www.niwa.co.nz/media-gallery/detail/109969/36756
4
Weather Summary 1 – 14 October 2018
Cumulative Radiation (from 17 September)
Radiation drives the photosynthetic process and hence is strongly linked to yield. Temperature, on the
other hand, drives the development stages of maize (see below on GDD). Leaf area development is
important for radiation interception, but overall, temperature has less influence on yield than
radiation. A cooler season with high radiation provides a longer growing period for photosynthesis to
occur and higher yield potential than a very hot shorter season.
At this very early stage of the season, all weather stations are recording radiation around the ten-year
average or above. The only exception is Ashburton where radiation is more than 10% below average
radiation compared with the ten-year average.
Cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDD)
Growing degree days are the average of the daily maximum plus minimum temperatures less a base
temperature of 8oC. Crop emergence takes about 125GDD and from emergence to V10, each leaf
collar requires 85GDD. From V10 to tassel each leaf collar requires about 50GDD.
GDD from 17 September
Again of little consequence at this early stage, but Whangarei has recorded well below the ten-year
average to date, and Palmerston North well above the ten-year average.
Soil temperature (10cm depth) averages for the fortnight
Soil temperatures in all North Island areas are about the ten-year average. Ashburton and Rangiora
are lower than average, at around 9oc. This temperature is considered too low for adequate maize
seed germination.
Rainfall & Evapotranspiration (ET) total for last fortnight
In the last fortnight, ET has been higher than rainfall in most regions, resulting in drier soil conditions
However in Takaka, rainfall was 65mm greater than ET, resulting in wetter soil conditions.
Field report
Northland: A small number of mainly no-till paddocks have been planted to date. The bulk of ground
has been prepared ready for planting very soon. The Eastern side of Northland has been wetter so few
crops have been planted. The silage area will possibly be up a small amount this season.
Waikato: Warm weather, steady winds and occasional rain have resulted in excellent soil conditions,
and maize planting is over 50% completed, well ahead of last year.
Bay of Plenty: Rain on the weekend of 13-14 October has helped with ground preparation, helping to
break down hard clods that had proved difficult to break down. About 65% of the area is now planted,
but there are still some maize crops to be planted after grass silage harvest. Silage area expected to
be similar to last year.
Gisborne: Began planting about 5 October, and to date planting is behind last year after 25mm of rain
in Gisborne and 50mm of rain in Wairoa on the weekend of 14 October. Total crop area in the region
is likely to be up from last season.
5
Manawatu: Good weather conditions since mid-September have allowed ground preparation and
planting to progress steadily, with about 30% of the crop having been planted. Conditions have been
dry, leading to some cloddy seed beds.
Canterbury: Around 50% of the crop has been planted in the last two weeks, although soil conditions
are dry, and irrigation is being used to help prepare seed beds and germinate the seed. Soil
temperatures are below10oC the minimum temperature for germination.
Integrated management of slug pests
1. Slug populations can devastate establishing crops.
2. The major slug species present in New Zealand is the Grey Field Slug (Deroceras reticulatum).
See Arable Update No. 46: Slug Identification.
3. Slugs need moisture and shelter to thrive. Cool wet summers and an abundance of stubble provide
ideal conditions.
4. Moisture availability is a key regulator of slug populations and slug activity.
5. Slugs are continuous breeders, and numbers can increase exponentially, therefore early control is
important.
6. Maize and brassica seedlings are extremely vulnerable to slug damage in early growth stages.
7. Slug population monitoring:
Is challenging because there can be large variability in the populations of slugs in different
parts of the paddock, and slug populations can cause significant damage overnight.
Can be helpful if you know the areas in the paddocks where slug populations are expected
to be higher or more active, so you can focus monitoring efforts on those areas as
indicators of numbers across the paddock.
8. If monitoring shows exceptionally high slug numbers, the number of baiting points/m2 will be an
important consideration.
9. A range of slug control methods should be considered:
Cultivation of seed beds prior to sowing will destroy most slugs present.
See Arable Update No. 59: Slug Predator Information
See Integrated Management of Slugs – FAR Focus Issue 12
10. Slug baits
1. Direct drilled (no-till) crops are particularly vulnerable to slug damage and will benefit
most from use of bait. Where slug bait is used, two applications, one at sowing, and one
10-14 days later will be most effective.
2. Commercially available slug baits have good tolerance of wet weather
3. Use slug bait responsibly
Do not apply slug baits near waterways
Use manufacturers’ recommended rates
Avoid application of slug bait prior to heavy rain
Slug baits available in New Zealand
Endure Mini to be applied in the drill row adjacent to seed
rade Name Supplier Formulation
Broadcast Application
rate (kg/ha)
Active ingredient Baits
g Al/kg product
g Al/ha Pack
size (kg) per kg / m2
DUSK Orion Crop Protection 15 Iron EDTA 54 810 20
125 120,000 180
Slugoff PRO Pest Control Solutions 3 Metaldehyde 18 54 25 93,000 28
SLUGOUT Nufarm Granule 10-15 Metaldehyde 18 180 5
10 112,000
112 (168 for 15 kg/ha)
Metarex Snail and Slug Bait
Arysta Flour 4-8 Metaldehyde 50 200-400 10 60,000 24-48
Metarex Micro Arysta Flour 4-8 Metaldehyde 50 200-400 10 110,000 44-88
Endure Ravensdown Flour 4-8 Metaldehyde 50 200-400 15 60,000 24-48
Endure Mini* Ravensdown Flour 3-4 Metaldehyde 50 150-200 10 110,000 33-44
Delicia SLUGGOFF Lentils
Key Industries 3 Metaldehyde 30 90 8 100,000 30
Mesurol Pro Snail and Slug Bait
Bayer New Zealand Pasta 6 Methiocarb 20 120 25 - -
Axcela Lonza Pellet (Flour)
5-7 Metaldehyde 30 150-210 15 85,000 42-60
6
Biosecurity reminder
Brown marmorated stink bug has been detected at
the New Zealand border on numerous occasions. It
has not established here to date.
Please be on the lookout for this pest, which is a
threat to many crop and ornamental species,
including sweetcorn and maize.
If you suspect you have seen a marmorated stink bug,
please contact MPI on 0800 80 99 66.
NIWA Seasonal climate outlook October - December 2018
The consensus from international models is for the tropical Pacific to transition toward El Niño over
the next three-month period (68% chance over October – December 2018). The probability for El Niño
conditions being established remains high until autumn 2019, with a 71% chance for El Niño conditions
over the April – June 2019 period.
Upcoming Events
Contact Us
Allister Holmes 027 833 1155 [email protected]
Sam McDougall 027 468 8803 [email protected]
Diana Mathers 027 544 2236 [email protected]
Steve Payne 027 568 2635 [email protected]
Disclaimer
This FAR Maize Action Report was prepared with current information at the time of publication. Neither FAR or
its staff may be held liable for any crop damage or loss from interpretation of the information. Information
contained in this Maize Action is intended as a guide only.
Please note if you no longer wish to receive the FAR INFORMATION electronically through this email list, reply to
this email with REMOVE ME in the subject line. You will still receive hard copy mail if you are a FAR grower. Please
advise if you change your email address.
Northern Crop Research Site Field Day
Thursday 13 December 2018
Tamahere
Whangarei: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 18.6 ET (mm): 37
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): X Average (oC): X Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 419.8 165.6 Last Year: 422.9 189.8 Long term average: 435.4 187.1
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0 0.0
5.2
0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.2
2.2
0.2
0
10
20
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Dargaville: 17 September – 14 October 20188
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 10.4 ET (mm): 38.6
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 15.4 Average (oC): 13.0 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 461.4 159.0 Last Year: 454.0 178.4 Long term average: 446.4 165.1
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
1.01.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.4
0.40.0
0
5
10
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Pukekohe: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 34.8 ET (mm): 32.5
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 13.4 Average (oC): 13.3 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 405.6 135.5 Last Year: 395.1 162.1 Long term average: 398.8 138.7
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
8.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
21.2
5.2
0.00
5
10
15
20
25
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Hamilton: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 30.6 ET (mm): 33
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 12.6 Average (oC): 12.9 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 434.9 134.6 Last Year: 370.8 135.7 Long term average: 415.0 126.7
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
5.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.0
10.8
0.00
5
10
15
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Morrinsville: 17 September – 14 October 2018
*Rainfall data for the Morrinsville area is not currently available from that weather station.
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): X ET (mm): 1.9
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 11.9 Average (oC): 2.3 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 435.2 111.3 Last Year: 382.0 164.1 Long term average: 416.5 137.9
Matamata: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 36.2 ET (mm): X
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 12.5 Average (oC): 12.5 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: X 112.7 Last Year: X 133.7 Long term average: X 108.5
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
3.4
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
17.2
15.4
0.00
5
10
15
20
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Te Puke: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 50 ET (mm): 32.8
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 12.1 Average (oC): 13.0 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 411.5 139.0 Last Year: 359.0 149.0 Long term average: 394.3 140.2
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.01.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0
4.4
0.0 0.0
28.4
15.6
0.00
5
10
15
20
25
30
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Whakatane: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 32.6 ET (mm): 40
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): X Average (oC): X Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 498.2 133.8 Last Year: 359.9 139.4 Long term average: 452.0 140.4
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
1.00.2 0.0 0.2 0.0
7.8
0.2
3.2
0.0 0.0
8.2
11.6
0.2
0
5
10
15
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
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ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Gisborne: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 15 ET (mm): 40.4
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): X Average (oC): X Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 471.3 144.3 Last Year: 432.8 158.5 Long term average: 479.4 149.9
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
0.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.6
8.6
1.8
0
5
10
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
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ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Hastings: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 13.6 ET (mm): 37.6
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 13.7 Average (oC): 12.9 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 466.8 113.6 Last Year: 364.4 129.2 Long term average: 441.8 113.9
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.4
0.0 0.00.6
3.8
8.8
0.00
5
10
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
New Plymouth: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 36.6 ET (mm): 37
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): X Average (oC): X Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 486.0 117.8 Last Year: 411.4 139.2 Long term average: 454.5 123.4
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
3.4
18.8
0.4 0.0 0.0 0.00.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.4
2.8
0.00
5
10
15
20
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Hawera: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 25 ET (mm): 33.7
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 11.2 Average (oC): 11.8 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 473.7 80.7 Last Year: 379.9 116.9 Long term average: 413.1 96.7
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
7.0
0.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.4
7.6
0.2
0
5
10
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Whanganui: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 31.2 ET (mm): 33.8
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 14.4 Average (oC): 12.7 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 478.0 121.6 Last Year: 352.0 157.1 Long term average: 415.0 138.0
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
4.2
0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.4
21.0
0.00
5
10
15
20
25
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Palmerston North: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 10.2 ET (mm): 31.6
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 11.7 Average (oC): 11.9 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 440.8 120.8 Last Year: 335.8 126.4 Long term average: 388.7 107.7
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0
3.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.4 0.2
6.0
0.4 0.2
0
5
10
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Masterton: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 19.4 ET (mm): 31.5
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): X Average (oC): X Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 427.3 84.0 Last Year: 393.9 104.8 Long term average: 428.1 86.8
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.6
16.2
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Takaka: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 98.8 ET (mm): 33.6
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 10.9 Average (oC): 11 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 477.6 84.7 Last Year: 413.4 113.6 Long term average: 437.3 90.0
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
7.64.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25.2
57.6
4.00.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Rangiora: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 21.4 ET (mm): 28.4
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 9.4 Average (oC): 10 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 418.4 52.5 Last Year: 366.8 94.6 Long term average: 341.0 70.7
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0 0.00.4
0.0 0.20.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.8
11.2
0.00
5
10
15
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Ashburton: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 30.8 ET (mm): 21.3
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): 8.9 Average (oC): 9.9 Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 353.6 56.4 Last Year: 355.1 56.7 Long term average: 417.8 50.1
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.00.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01.0
19.2
9.6
0.00
5
10
15
20
25
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
Timaru: 17 September – 14 October 2018
For the last fortnight: Rainfall (mm): 9.6 ET (mm): 25.8
Soil for the last fortnight: This year (oC): X Average (oC): X Cumulative radiation MJ/m2 from 17 Sept Cumulative GDDs from 17 Sept This Year: 425.7 37.8 Last Year: 381.1 80.3 Long term average: 427.6 50.7
Fortnight Rainfall (mm)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.6
5.4
0.60.0
0
5
10
1-Oct-18 3-Oct-18 5-Oct-18 7-Oct-18 9-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 13-Oct-18
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Cumulative Rainfall from 17 Sept
0
250
500
750
1000
17-Sep 17-Oct 17-Nov 17-Dec 17-Jan 17-Feb 17-Mar 17-Apr 17-May
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
This year
Last year
Average
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