CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION
Oct 03, 2015
CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION
Warm Up Quiz !!
Animal VS Plant Cells
Plant CellsAnimals CellsCell wallPlasma membraneVacuoleChloroplast
Functions of Cellular Components of Animals & Plants Cell
CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF THE CELLS
NucleolusNucleusRibosomesVesiclesGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumPlasma membraneSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondrionLysosomeVacuoleCentrioleCytoplasm
Functions
NucleolusNucleusControls all the cell activitiesSeparates the genetic material from cytoplasmHas many pores (nuclear pores) in the nuclear membrane for materials to enter & exit the nucleus
RibosomesAre either attached to the ER or occur freely in the cytoplasmAre small protein factories for protein synthesize
Synthesizes & transports proteins made by ribosomesPresent in large amounts in cell that makes proteinE.g. in gut cells that manufacture digestive enzymesRough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Receives proteins from Rough ER, modifies & combines the proteins with carbohydrates to form glyco-proteinTransport & stores lipidsGolgi Appratus
Does not have ribosomesSynthesizes & transport lipidsPresent in large amounts in cells that make lipids & steroidsE.g. cell of liver & testesSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Forms the cells powerhouseProduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy source for the cellMitochondrion
Supports & protects the cell organellesprovides a medium for all cellular metabolic reactionsCytoplasmmedium to produce energy, to manufacture materials & to store minerals
breaking down food and foreign materialsproteins, lipids and carbohydratesLysosomeTransport undigested material to the cell membrane for removal
Are found only in animals cellsInvolved in cell division (mitosis & meiosis)Centriole
The outer covering of the cellseparates the cell from its environment and allows materials to enter and leave the cellPlasma membrane
WARM UP QUIZ!!!!
The Density of Certain Organelles in Relation to Functions of Specific Cells
What are organelles?
little organs
Are tiny structures inside a cell that perform specific functions for the cell*
What are organelles?3 main functions of organelles:Carry out their specialized functions: E.g. Mitochondria; FUNCTION?Acts as containers to separate parts of the cell from other partsE.g. lysosomesSites for chemical reactionE.g. Choloroplast
Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain OrganellesDensity of an organelles : total number of that particular organelles within a celldepends on the function of the cell
to make sure that the cell can perform its specialized functions well
Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain OrganellesE.g.
Cell that specialize in producing enzyme generally have more ER & ribosomes to _____________& mitochondria to _____________________for its activities
The density of mitochondria in active cellsDepends on:The activity level of an organismThe more active an organism is, the higher its average density of mitochondriaThe specific function of a particular cellCell of active tissues & organs have higher mitochondria densities
The density of mitochondria in active cells
Active cells that have high mitochondria densities:
Sperm cells flight muscle cells meristemic cellsliver cellskidney cells
The density of Chloroplast in the Palisade Mesophyll Cells of LeavesPalisade mesophyll of a leaf is :the main photosynthesis tissuePacked with chloroplast to trap sunlight needed to synthesize sugar during photosynthesisAre arranged in a vertical position to optimise sunlight trapping
HOMEWORK
SIMILARITIESAnimal and plant cells have:
DIFFERENCESAnimal CellFeaturePlant CellSizeShapeCell wallVacuoleTonoplastChloroplastCentrioleCarbohydrate StorageLysosome
RIBOSOMES
MITOCHONDRION
NUCLEUS
CHLOROPLAST