1 Current Status Current Status of of Marine Fish and Shellfish Backyard Hatcheries Marine Fish and Shellfish Backyard Hatcheries in Thailand in Thailand Montakan Montakan Tamtin Tamtin Senior Fisheries Biologist Senior Fisheries Biologist Department of Fisheries, Thailand Department of Fisheries, Thailand • a huge brackish water areas of about 100,000 ha •800 kilometer Indian Ocean •1,800-kilometer Gulf of Thailand coasts Thailand Thailand 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Years Fish Production by Value (Million Baht) : ranks among the world's top ten nations in the fishing industry (total catch and export) Export Import
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Current Status Current Status of of
Marine Fish and Shellfish Backyard HatcheriesMarine Fish and Shellfish Backyard Hatcheriesin Thailandin Thailand
: domesticated BS: raised from earthen pond (PCR approved)(150 Bt)
: Imported, raised from earthen pond
(200-300 Bt)
P. Vannamei
PresentPresentPastPast: different between : different between big: small hatcheriesbig: small hatcheries(0.08(0.08--0.1 st,0.050.1 st,0.05--0.06st)0.06st)
P. P. MonodonMonodon 0.10 0.10 ststP. P. VannameiVannamei 0.12 0.12 stst
PricePrice
: cluster: cluster: reduced no. of small : reduced no. of small hatcherieshatcheries
yesyesnonoPredictablePredictable4040--80% (5080% (50--60%)60%)3030--50% (3050% (30--40%)40%)SVR (%)SVR (%)77,437 million PL/year77,437 million PL/year100,000 100,000 mlPLmlPL/year/yearProductionProduction
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BangkokBangkok
ChonburiChonburi
PhuketPhuketNakornNakorn Sri Sri TammaratTammarat
ChachoengsaoChachoengsao
Backyard shrimp hatcheries in Thailand:Backyard shrimp hatcheries in Thailand:
ThailandThailand Species : Species : PenaeusPenaeus vannameivannamei: : PeneausPeneaus monodonmonodon
Major area : Major area : ChachoengsaoChachoengsao, ,
in Thailandin Thailand:Broodstock tanks, hatching and nursery tanks, live food tanks, water stocking and treatment tanks, discharged water treatment tanks
: no difference in zootechnique
: Batch systems is being used
: both P. vannamei and P. monodon are produce in the same hatchery, using the same facility
: the main species produced is P. vannamei, while P. monodon is produced according to order
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P. Vannamei: Broodstocks – domesticated broodstock
: 70,000 nauplii/broodstck (100,000-180,000)
: HR 70-80%
: Survival rate to PL≥50% (60-80%)
: 5-6 million PL/crop
: 6-7 crops/year (10)
: 42,000,000 PL/year
P. monodon: Wild Broodstocks
: better quality and availabilty of broodstockdue to lower demand
: PCR check
:HR 70-80%
:SVR 50%
: 3 million PL/crop
:5-6 crops/year
TrendsTrends
1.1. Clustered of hatcheries, decrease Clustered of hatcheries, decrease of small hatcheriesof small hatcheries
2.2. The DOF promote the producing of The DOF promote the producing of domesticated BSdomesticated BS
3.3. Most of hatcheries are GAPMost of hatcheries are GAP4. Revised of4. Revised of certification system certification system
andand moveingmoveing toward ISOtoward ISO
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ChachoengsaoChachoengsao
ChonburiChonburi
Backyard fish hatcheries in Thailand:Backyard fish hatcheries in Thailand:
Major species: Major species: LatesLates calcarifercalcarifer(Asian sea bass)(Asian sea bass) Total > 60 hatcheriesTotal > 60 hatcheries
ManagementManagement
BroodstockBroodstock condition, for 2condition, for 2--3 months3 months
: Domesticated : Domesticated broodstocksbroodstocks from from cage culturecage culture:fed with squid, clam 1:fed with squid, clam 1--3% of BW 3% of BW + + vitvit E/C twice a weekE/C twice a week
Breeding tank 1Breeding tank 1♀♀:1:1♂♂natural or induced spawning natural or induced spawning through hormonal injectionthrough hormonal injection
::BroodstocksBroodstocks are collected from wildare collected from wild
: Domesticated : Domesticated broodstocksbroodstocks is being developedis being developed
: SVR (to young crab) is unpredictable 0: SVR (to young crab) is unpredictable 0--40% (1040% (10--20%)20%)
: no private hatchery: no private hatchery
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•• High demandHigh demand•• 1999 fishing crab 41,250 ton 1999 fishing crab 41,250 ton (11.6% decreasing) (DOF, 2003)(11.6% decreasing) (DOF, 2003)
•• Juvenile, berried crab were largely Juvenile, berried crab were largely exploitedexploited
•• Price is increased from 35 Bt/kg Price is increased from 35 Bt/kg (0.7 EURO) up to 150(0.7 EURO) up to 150--350 Bt/kg 350 Bt/kg (4(4--10 EURO)10 EURO)
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements•• Prof.PatrickProf.Patrick Sorgeloos Ghent UniversitySorgeloos Ghent University
•• Mr.NopadolMr.Nopadol PhuwapanishPhuwapanish……Head of Head of RatchRatch BuriBuri Provincial officer Provincial officer
•• Mr. Mr. BanjongBanjong NisapawanichNisapawanich –– BanjongBanjong farmfarm
•• Mr.AkomMr.Akom SinghaboonSinghaboon KrabiKrabi Coastal Aquatic Research and Coastal Aquatic Research and Development CenterDevelopment Center
•• Mrs.SangtongMrs.Sangtong and and Mrs.WassanaMrs.Wassana ……..TalayTalay Thong FarmThong Farm
•• Mr.PramoteMr.Pramote…………NemoNemo FarmFarm
•• Mrs.PiyalaiMrs.Piyalai HemtanonHemtanon NakornNakorn Sri Sri TammaratTammarat Coastal Aquatic Coastal Aquatic Research and Development CenterResearch and Development Center
•• Mr.TanetMr.Tanet PoomthongPoomthong Head of Head of PhetchPhetch BuriBuri Fisheries Research and Fisheries Research and Test CenterTest Center
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Antibiotic residues monitoring program
Four antibiotics are monitoring:
Antibiotics Limit Method Year
Oxytetracyclin 0.1ppm HPLC 1995
Oxolinic acid 0.02 ppm HPLC 1995
Chloramphenical 0.3ppb ELISA 2002
Nitrofurans 1 ppb LC MS MS 2002
Antibiotic residues monitoring program
Hatcheries
Farms
Processing plants
Run by coastal aquaculture research and development bureau