groove weld also initiated in a cluster. The Alloy 182 J-groove
weld had long been considered more resistant to PWSCC than the
Alloy 600 CRDM nozzles. However in recent years, an increase in
PWSCC incidents in Alloy 182 welds has been observed7. In one
B&W 177-FA plant, some axial cracks in the CRDM nozzles below
the J-groove weld seemed to have initiated in the J-groove weld1.
However, for nozzle 3, the circumferential cracks initiated on the
bottom surface of the J-groove weld were shallow and not connected
to the axial cracks in the J-groove weld. Hence, the axial cracks
in the CRDM nozzle 3 and J-groove weld must have initiated on the
Alloy 600 nozzle I.D. surface due to PWSCC. The exposed J-groove
weld and stainless steel cladding surface was attacked by the
oxygenated and concentrated boric acid slurry in the corrosion
cavity. The tips of several cracks initiated on the cladding
surface extended into the Alloy 182 J-groove weld.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
1. The axial cracks found in the CRDM nozzle 3 and in the
J-groove weld are consistent with the on-site NDE results and are
typical of PWSCC. The axial cracks initiated at the CRDM nozzle
I.D. surface and propagated into the J-groove weld at the up-hill
and down-hill locations.
2. At the up-hill side (~180), the portion of the through-wall
crack above the J-groove weld identified by the on-site NDE was
lost during the nozzle removal process. The axial cracks in the
J-groove weld were only partially through-wall. However, there was
no sign of any boric acid leakage near the up-hill side to confirm
any of the up-hill cracks were through-wall.
3. At the down-hill side (~10), the axial crack was through-wall
in both the nozzle above the J-groove weld and the J-groove weld
itself. This crack was the primary source of the leaking boric
acid, which caused the large corrosion cavity seen on the low alloy
steel RPV head. The crack path was wider in the Alloy 182 J-groove
weld than in the Alloy 600 nozzle. It is postulated that the boric
acid leak rate significantly increased after the axial crack
breached the J-groove weld at the down-hill side.
4. A cluster of circumferential PWSCC cracks initiated on the
J-groove weld bottom surface exposed to the RCS water. These
circumferential cracks were very shallow and were not connected to
the axial cracks in the J-groove weld.
5. Shallow interdendritic cracks were also found on the exposed
Alloy 182 J-groove weld surface due to corrosion attack from the
oxygenated and concentrated boric acid slurry inside the cavity at
elevated temperatures.
REFERENCES
1. M.R. Robinson, D.E. Whitaker, M.L. Arey, and S. Fyfitch,
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Pressurized Water Reactors, September 23-27, 2002, SFEN, Paris,
France (2002).
2. H. Xu and S. Fyfitch, and J.W. Hyres, Laboratory
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Reactor Vessel Head, the 12th International Conference on
Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems
Water Reactors. TMS, Salt Lake City, Utah (2005).
3. H. Xu and S. Fyfitch, and J.W. Hyres, Boric Acid Corrosion of
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International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials
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5. L.E. Thomas, V.Y. Gertsman, and S.M. Bruemmer, Crack-Tip
Microstructures and Impurities in Stress-Corrosion-Cracked Alloy
600 from Recirculating and Once-Through Steam Generator, the 10th
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in Nuclear Power Systems Water Reactors, NACE International,
Houston, Texas (2001).
6. ASTM E 11296, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average
Grain Size, Vol. 03.01, Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, West
Conshohocken, PA (2000).
7. R.S. Pathania, A.R. McIlree, and J. Hickling, Overview of
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September 23-27, 2002, SFEN, Paris, France (2002).
842
Title pageTMS Publication pageFull Title pageISBN/Copyright
InformationTable of ContentsForewordSession ChairsFinancial
SupportBWR SCC & Modeling"Advances in Electrochemical Corrosion
Potential Monitoring in Boiling Water Reactors" by S.
HettiarachchiQuestions and Answers
"Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Oxygen on Corrosion of
Stainless Steel in High Temperatuer Water" by S. Uchida, T. Satoh,
Y. Morishima, T. Hirose, T. Miyazawa, N. Kakinuma, Y. Satoh, N.
Usui, and Y. WadaQuestions and Answers
"Effect of the Plastic Strain Level Quantified by EBSP Method on
the Stress Corrosion Cracking of L-Grade Stainless Steels" by Y.
Katayama, M. Tsubota, and Y. SaitoQuestions and Answers
"Correlation Between Deformation-Induced Microstructures and
TGSCC Susceptibility in a Low Carbon Austenitic Stainless Steel" by
A. Kimura, T. Noda, H. Ohkubo, Y. Kamada, and S. TakahashiQuestions
and Answers
"The Initiation of Environmentally Assisted Cracking in BWR High
Temperature Water" by S. Wang, Y. Takeda, K. Sakaguchi, and T.
ShojiQuestions and Answers
"Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 316 and 316L Stainless Steels
in High Temperature Water" by N. Ishiyama, M. Mayuzumi, Y.
Mizutani, and J.-i. TaniQuestions and Answers
"Crack Growth Behaviors of Low Carbon 316 Stainless Steels in
288C Pure Water" by M. Itow, M. Itatani, M. Kikuchi, and N.
TanakaQuestions and Answers
"Influence of Heat Treatment, Aging and Neutron Irradiation on
the Fracture Toughness and Crack Growth Rate in BWR Environments of
Alloy X-750" by A. Jenssen, P. Efsing, and J. SundbergQuestions and
Answers
"Effects of Si on SCC of Irradiated and Unirradiated Stainless
Steels and Nickel Alloys" by P.L. Andresen, and M.M. MorraQuestions
and Answers
"Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Behavior of Cold Worked
Austenitic Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water" by M.
Tsubota, Y. Katayama, and Y. SaitoQuestions and Answers
"Finite Element Calculation of Crack Propagation in Type 304
Stainless Steel in Diluted Sulphuric Acid Solution Under Stress
Corrosion Conditions" by S. Gavrilov, M. Vankeerberghen, and J.
DeconinckQuestions and Answers
"The Electrochemistry of Boiling Water Reactors" by H.S. Kim, M.
Urquidi-Macdonald, and D. MacdonaldQuestions and Answers
"Modeling and Experimental Studies of Intergranular Corrosion in
Austenitic StainlessSteels Used in Light Water Reactor Systems" by
R.G. Faulkner, Y. Yin, J. Cintas, and J.M. MontesQuestions and
Answers
"Evaluation of the Fracture Research Institute Theoretical
Stress Corrosion Cracking Model" by E.D. Eason, R. Pathania, and T.
ShojiQuestions and Answers
Crack Growth"The Effect of Hold Time on the Crack Growth Rate of
Sensitized Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water" by A.
Jenssen, C. Jansson, and J. SundbergQuestions and Answers
"Effects of Positive and Negative dK/da on SCC Growth Rates" by
P.L. Andresen, and M.M. MorraQuestions and Answers
"Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate Based on
Inspection Data on Alloy 600 Tubing" by Y. Garud, B. Woodman, and
G. Boyers"High-Resolution Characterizations of Stress-Corrosion
Cracks in Austenitic StainlessSteel from Crack Growth Tests in
BWR-Simulated Environments" by S.M. Bruemmer, and L.E.
ThomasQuestions and Answers
Zircaloy"Characterization of Oxides Formed on Model Zirconium
Alloys in 360C Water Using Micro-Beam Synchrotron Radiation" by A.
Yilmazbayhan, M. Gomes da Silva, A. Motta, H.-G. Kim, Y.H. Jeong,
J.-Y. Park, R. Comstock, B. Lai, and Z. CaiQuestions and
Answers
"Effect of Pre-Deposited Magnetite on Deposition of Nickel
Oxides on Zr Surface in 573K Pressurized Water" by J.-W. Yeon, Y.
Jung, Y.-K. Choi, and W.-H. KimQuestions and Answers
"Effect of Zinc Injection on Crevice Corrosion Resistance of
Pre-Filmed Zircaloy-2 Tube Under Heat Transfer Condition" by H.
Kawamura, H. Kanbe, R. Morita, and F. Inada"Transient Oxide Film
Growth on Zirconium in High Temperature Aqueous Solutions" by Y.
Chen, M. Urquidi-Macdonald, and D.D. Macdonald
Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking"The Effect of
Oversize Solute Additions on the Irradiation-Assisted Stress
Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steels" by
M.J. Hackett, and G.S. WasQuestions and Answers
"Effect of Metallurgical Condition on Irradiation-Assisted
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Commercial Stainless Steels" by J.T.
Busby, and G.S. WasQuestions and Answers
"Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Heat-Affected
Zones of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds" by R. Stoenescu, M.L.
Castao, S. van Dyck, A. Roth, B. van der Schaaf, C. Ohms, and D.
GavilletQuestions and Answers
"Irradiation Effects in a Highly Irradiated Cold Worked
Stainless Steel Removed from a Commercial PWR" by J. Conermann, R.
Shogan, K. Fujimoto, T. Yonezawa, and Y. YamaguchiQuestions and
Answers
"Crack Growth Behavior of Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steel
Weld Heat Affected Zone Material in High-Purity Water at 289C" by
O.K. Chopra, B. Alexandreanu, E.E. Gruber, and W.J. Shack"Effect of
the Accelerated Irradiation and Hydrogen/Helium Gas on IASCC
Characteristics for Highly Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels"
by K. Fujimoto, T. Yonezawa, E. Wachi, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Nakano,
R.P. Shogan, J.P. Massoud, and T.R. Mager"Plastic Deformation
Behavior of Type 316LN Stainless Steel in Non-Irradiated,
Thermallysensitized Condition or in Irradiated Condition During
SSRT" by Y. Miwa, T. Tsukada, and S. JitsukawaQuestions and
Answers
"Development of Test Techniques for In-Pile SCC Initiation and
Growth Tests and the Current Status of In-Pile Testing at JMTR" by
H. Ugachi, Y. Kaji, J. Nakano, Y. Matsui, K. Kawamata, T. Tsukada,
N. Nagata, K. Dozaki, and H. TakiguchiQuestions and Answers
"Fractographic Observations on a Highly Irradiated AISI 304
Steel after Constant Load Tests in Simulated PWR Water and Argon
and after Supplementary Tensile and Impact Tests" by A. Toivonen,
U. Ehrnstn, W. Karlsen, P. Aaltonen, J-P. Massoud, and J-M.
BoursierQuestions and Answers
"In-Core Crack Growth Rate Studies on Irradiated Austenitic
Stainless Steels in BWR And PWR Conditions in the Halden Reactor"
by T.M. Karlsen, P. Bennett, and N.W. Hgberg"Irradiation Assisted
Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Core Component
Materials" by K. Chatani, Y. Kitsunai, M. Kodama, S. Suzuki, Y.
Tanaka, S. Ooki, S. Tanaka, and T. Nakamura"Influence of the
Neutron Spectrum on the Tensile Properties of Irradiated Austenitic
Stainless Steels, in Air and in PWR Environment" by J-P. Massoud,
M. amboch, P. Brabec, V.K. Shamardin, V.I. Prokhorov, and Ph.
Dubuisson"Study on SCC Growth Behavior of BWR Core Shroud" by S.
Ooki, Y. Tanaka, K. Takamori, S. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, Y. Saito, T.
Nakamura, T. Kato, K. Chatani, and M. Kodama
Irradiation Effects"Influence of Localized Deformation on
Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Proton-Irradiated
Austenitic Alloys" by Z. Jiao, J.T. Busby, R. Obata, and G.S.
Was"Deformation Structure in 316 Stainless Steel Irradiated in a
PWR" by K. Fukuya, K. Fujii, and Y. Kitsunai"Irradiation-Induced
Microstructure, Swelling and Post-Irradiation Deformation of
Stainless Steel 18Cr-10Ni-Ti Irradiated with Chromium Ions to 1-100
Dpa at 300-635C" by O.V. Borodin, V.V. Bryk, A.S. Kalchenko, A.A.
Parkhomenko, V.N. Voyevodin, and F.A. Garner"Microstructural Study
and in Situ Investigation of Strain Localization in Ions Irradiated
Austenitic Stainless Steels" by C. Pokor, J-P. Massoud, P. Pareige,
J. Garnier, D. Loisnard, P. Dubuisson, B. Doisneau, and Y.
Brchet"Enhancement of Deuterium Retention in Helium or C(+3) Ion
Implanted 18Cr10NiTi Stainess Steel" by G.D. Tolstolutskaya, V.V.
Ruzhytskiy, I.E. Kopanets, S.A. Karpov, V.V. Bryk, V.N. Voyevodin,
and F.A. Garner"Microstructural Evolution in Neutron-Irradiated
Stainless Steels: Comparison of LWR and Fast-Reactor Irradiations"
by D. Edwards, E. Simonen, S. Bruemmer, and P. Efsing"Dose Rate
Effects on Microchemistry and Microstructure Relevant to LWR
Components" by E.P. Simonen, D.J. Edwards, and S.M. Bruemmer"Void
Swelling of Austenitic Steels Irradiated with Neutrons at Low
Temperatures and Very Low Dpa Rates" by F.A. Garner, S.I. Porollo,
Yu.V. Konobeev, and O.P. Maksimkin"Response of PWR Baffle-Former
Bolt Loading to Swelling, Irradiation Creep and Bolt Replacement as
Revealed Using Finite Element Modeling" by E.P. Simonen, F.A.
Garner, N.A. Klymyshyn, and M.B. Toloczko
LAS & RPV Steels"Boric Acid Corrosion of Light Water Reactor
Pressure Vessel Materials" by J.-H. Park, O.K. Chopra, K. Natesan,
W.J. Shack, and W.H. Cullen, Jr.Questions and Answers
"The Effect of Transients on the Crack Growth Behavior of Low
Alloy Steels for Pressure Boundary Components Under Light Water
Reactor Operating Conditions" by A. Roth, B. Devrient, D.
Gmez-Briceo, J. Lapea, M. Ernestov, M. amboch, U. Ehrnstn, J. Fhl,
T. Weienberg, H.-P. Seifert, and S. RitterQuestions and Answers
"Mitigation Effect of Hydrogen Water Chemistry on Stress
Corrosion and Low-Frequency Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth in
Low-Alloy Steels" by H.-P. Seifert, and S. RitterQuestions and
Answers
Nickel-Based Weld Alloys"Examination 0f Stress Corrosion Cracks
in Alloy 182 Weld Metal after Exposure to PWR Primary Water" by P.
Scott, M. Foucault, B. Brugier, J. Hickling, and A.
McilreeQuestions and Answers
"Development of Crack Growth Rate Disposition Curves for Primary
Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC) of Alloy 82, 182, and 132
Weldments" by G.A. White, N.S. Nordmann, J. Hickling, and C.D.
Harrington"Stress Intensity and Temperature Dependence for Crack
Growth Rate in Weld Metal Alloy 182 in Primary PWR Environment" by
K. Norring, M. Konig, and J. LagerstromQuestions and Answers
"The Effect of Cold Work and Dissolved Hydrogen in the Stress
Corrosion Cracking of Alloy 82 and Alloy 182 Weld Metal" by D.J.
Paraventi, and W.C. MoshierQuestions and Answers
"Influence of a Cyclic Loading on the Initiation and Propagation
of PWSCC in Weld Metal 182" by F. Vaillant, J.-M. Boursier, T.
Couvant, C. Amzallag, and J. ChampredondeQuestions and Answers
"Microstructural and Microchemical Characterization of
Primary-Side Cracks in an Alloy 600 Nozzle Head Penetration and its
Alloy 182 J-Weld from the Davis-Besse Reactor Vessel" by L. Thomas,
B.R. Johnson, J.S. Vetrano, and S.M. BruemmerQuestions and
Answers
"The Effect of Grain Orientation on the Cracking Behavior of
Alloy 182 in PWR Environment" by B. Alexandreanu, O.K. Chopra, and
W.J. ShackQuestions and Answers
"SCC Behavior in the Transitiion Region of an Alloy 182-SA 508
Cl.2 Dissimilar Weld Joint Under Simulated BWR-NWC Conditions" by
Q. Peng, T. Shoji, S. Ritter, and H.-P. SeifertQuestions and
Answers
"Load Path Effects on the Fracture Toughness of Alloy 82H and 52
Welds in Low Temperature Water" by C.M. Brown, and W.J.
MillsQuestions and Answers
"Reduction of Toughness Results for Weld Metal 182 in a PWR
Primary Water Environment with Varying Dissolved Hydrogen, Lithium
Hydroxide and Boric Acid Concentrations" by B.A. Young, A. Mcilree,
and P.J. King"Low Temperature Crack Propagation Evaluation in
Pressurized Water Reactor Service" by A. Demma, A. Mcilree, and M.
HerreraQuestions and Answers
"Establishment of Experimental Conditions for the SCC Growth
Rate Test of Alloy 600 and Ni Base Weld Metal in High Temperature
Oxygenated Water" by M. Ozawa, Y. Yamamoto, K. Nakata, M. Itow, N.
Tanaka, M. Yamamoto, and J. KuniyaQuestions and Answers
"Evaluation of SCC Crack Growth Rate in Alloy 600 and Its Weld
Metals in Simulated BWR Environments" by M. Ozawa, Y. Yamamoto, K.
Nakata, M. Itow, N. Tanaka, M. Kikuchi, M. Koshiishi, and J.
Kuniya"Evaluation of Mechanical and Environmental Parameters
Affecting Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel-Based
Alloys" by J. Kwon, Y.-S. Yi, and J.-S. Kim"Fracture Surface
Morphology of Stress Corrosion Cracks in Nickel-Base Welds" by W.J.
Mills
Noble Metals & SCC Mitigation"BWR SCC Mitigation Experiences
with Hydrogen Water Chemistry" by S. HettiarachchiQuestions and
Answers
"Effects of Bulk Water Chemistry on ECP Distribution Inside a
Crevice" by Y. Wada, K. Ishida, M. Tachibana, and M.
AizawaQuestions and Answers
"The Impact of Oxygen and Hydrogen Recombination Efficiency on
the Effectiveness of NMCA in Reducing the Corrosion Potential in
Boiling Water Reactors" by T.-K. YehQuestions and Answers
"Online NobleChem Mitigation of SCC" by P.L. Andresen, Y.J. Kim,
T.P. Diaz, and S. HettiarachchiQuestions and Answers
"Corrosion Mitigation of BWR Structural Materials by the
Photoelectric Method with TiO2 Laboratory Experiments of TiO2
Effect on ECP Behavior and Materials Integrity" by M. Okamura, T.
Osato, N. Ichikawa, T. Yotsuyanagi, Y. Tsuchiya, K. Takamori, S.
Suzuki, and J. SuzukiQuestions and Answers
"Electrochemical Behavior of Oxygen and Hydrogen on ZrO2 Treated
Type 304 Stainless Steels in High Temperature Pure Water" by T.-K.
Yeh, C.-H. Tsai, and C.-T. Liu"Corrosion Mitigation of BWR
Structural Materials by the Photoelectric Method with TiO2 A SCC
Mitigation Technique and Its Feasibility Evaluation " by K.
Takamori, S. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, Y. Ishii, J. Takagi, N. Ichikawa,
and Y. Fukaya
Operational Experience"Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Cracking
of Carbon Steel Piping in Primary Water Operating Experience at the
Point Lepreau Generating Station" by J.P. Slade, and T.S.
GendronQuestions and Answers
"Risk-Reduction Strategies Used to Manage Cracking of Carbon
Steel Primary Coolant Piping at the Point Lepreau Generating
Station" by J.P. Slade, and T.S. GendronQuestions and Answers
"Recent In-Service Experience with Degradation of Low Alloy
Steel Components Due to Localized Corrosion and Environmentally
Assisted Cracking in German PWR Plants" by A. Roth, E. Nowak, M.
Widera, U. Ilg, U. Wesseling and R. Zimmer"German Experience with
Intergranular Cracking in Austenitic Piping in BWRs and Assessment
of Parameters Affecting the In-Service IGSCC Behavior Using an
Artificial Neural Network" by R. Kilian, H. Hoffmann, U. Ilg, K.
Kster, E. Nowak, U. Wesseling, and M. WideraQuestions and
Answers
"Root Cause Failure Analysis of Defected J-Groove Welds in Steam
Generator Drainage Nozzles" by P. Efsing, B. Forssgren, and R.
KilianQuestions and Answers
"Laboratory Investigation of the Stainless Steel Cladding on the
Davis-Besse Reactor Vessel Head" by H. Xu, S. Fyfitch, and J.W.
HyresQuestions and Answers
"Laboratory Investigation of PWSCC of CRDM Nozzle 3 and Its
J-Groove Weld on the Davis-Besse Reactor Vessel Head" by H. Xu, S.
Fyfitch, and J.W. Hyres"Laboratory Investigation of the Alloy 600
Bottom Mounted Instrumentation Nozzle Samples and Weld Boat Sample
from South Texas Project Unit 1" by H. Xu, S. Fyfitch, J.W. Hyres,
F. Cattant, and A. McIlreeQuestions and Answers
"Boric Acid Corrosion Laboratory Investigation of the
Davis-Besse Reactor Pressure Vessel Head" by H. Xu, S. Fyfitch, and
J.W. HyresQuestions and Answers
"Measurements of Carbon Steel ECP and Critical Deuterium
Concentration Under Candu Conditions in the Halden Reactor" by P.J.
Bennett, M.A. McGrath, K. Bagli, and M. Dymarski
PWR Primary"The Role of Surface Films in the Stress Corrosion
Cracking of Alloy 600 in PWR Primary Water" by T.S. Mintz, and T.M.
DevineQuestions and Answers
"Oxidation of Ni Base Alloys in PWR Water: Oxide Layers and
Associated Damage to the Base Metal" by P. Combrade, P.M. Scott, M.
Foucault,E. Andrieu, and P. Marcus"Alloy Oxidation Studies Related
to PWSCC" by F. Scenini, R.C. Newman, R.A. Cottis,and R.J.
JackoQuestions and Answers
"Effect of the Chromium Content and Strain on the Corrosion of
Nickel Based Alloys in Primary Water of Pressurized Water Reactors"
by F. Delabrouille, L. Legras, F. Vaillant, P. Scott, B. Viguier,
and E. AndrieuQuestions and Answers
"The Mechanism and Modeling of Intergranular Stress Corrosion
Cracking of Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys Exposed to High Purity
Water" by G.A. Young, W.W. Wilkening, D.S. Morton, E. Richey, and
N. LewisQuestions and Answers
"Crack Initiation in Alloy 600 SG Tubing in Elevated pH PWR
Primary Water" by R.J. Jacko, and R.E. GoldQuestions and
Answers
"Initiation of SCC in Alloy 600 Wrought Materials: A Laboratory
and Statistical Evaluation" by J. DaretQuestions and Answers
"SCC Initiation Testing of Nickel-Based Alloys Using In-Situ
Monitored Uniaxial Tensile Specimens" by E. Richey, D.S. Morton,
and M.K. SchurmanQuestions and Answers
"Cracking of Alloy 600 Nozzles and Welds in PWRs: Review of
Cracking Events andRepair Service Experience" by W. Bamford, and J.
HallQuestions and Answers
"Verification of an Intraspecimen Method Using a Constant Stress
Test of Sensitized Alloy 600" by S.K. Lee, H.S. Choi, C.B. Bahn,
J.H. Kim, and I.S. HwangQuestions and Answers
"In Search of the True Temperature and Stress Intensity Factor
Dependencies for PWSCC" by D.S. Morton, S.A. Attanasio, E. Richey,
and G.A. YoungQuestions and Answers
"Effects of PWR Primary Water Chemistry and Deaerated Water on
SCC" by P.L. Andresen, P.W. Emigh, M.M. Morra, and J.
HicklingQuestions and Answers
"Crack Growth Rates in Primary Side Materials in Elevated pH PWR
Water" by R.J. Jacko, and R.E. GoldQuestions and Answers
"Evaluation of Crack Growth Rate for Alloy 600 Vessel
Penetrations in a Primary Water Environment" by Y. Yamamoto, M.
Ozawa, K. Nakata, K. Yoshimoto, M. Toyoda, and J. OkudaQuestions
and Answers
"SCC Growth Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels in PWR
Primary Water Conditions" by C. Guerre, O. Raquet, E. Herms, M. Le
Calvar, and G. TurluerQuestions and Answers
"Environmentally Assisted Crack Growth of Cold-Worked Type 304
Stainless Steel in PWR Environments" by D. Tice, N. Platts, K.
Rigby, J. Stairmand, and H. FairbrotherQuestions and Answers
"SCC of Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steels in PWR
Conditions" by O. Raquet, E. Herms, F. Vaillant, T. Couvant, and
J.-M. BoursierQuestions and Answers
"Influence of Carbide Precipitation and Rolling Direction on
IGSCC Growth Behaviors of Austenitic Stainless Steels in
Hydrogenated High Temperature Water" by K. Arioka, T. Yamada, T.
Terachi, and G. ChibaQuestions and Answers
"Effect of Strain-Hardening on Stress Corrosion Cracking of AISI
304L Stainless Steel in PWR Primary Environment at 360C" by T.
Couvant, L. Legras, F. Vaillant, J.M. Boursier, and Y.
RouillonQuestions and Answers
"10(7) Cycle Fatigue Limit of Type 304L SS in Air and PWR Water,
at 150C and 300C" by H.D. Solomon, C. Amzallag, A.J. Vallee, and
R.E. Delair"Statistical Analysis of the LCF Behavior of Type 304L
SS Tested at 150C and 300C in Air and PWR Water" by H.D. Solomon,
and C. AmzallagQuestions and Answers
"Comparison of the Fatigue Life of Type 304L SS as Measured in
Load and Strain Controlled Tests" by H.D. Solomon, C. Amzallag,
R.E. Delair, and A.J. ValleeQuestions and Answers
PWR Secondary"Laboratory Examination of Pulled Mill Annealed
Alloy 600 Steam Generator Tube with Free Span Axial ODSCC" by A.R.
Vaia, P.J. Prabhu, and J.M. StevensQuestions and Answers
"Quantitative Morphological Characterization of Deposits Formed
in the Secondary System of the Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station
Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)" by S. Nasrazadani, H.
Namduri, J. Stevens, and R. TheimerQuestions and Answers
"Impurity Source Terms and Behavior in Nuclear Once-Through
Steam Generators" by R. ThompsonQuestions and Answers
"Observations and Insights Into Pb-Assisted Stress Corrosion
Cracking of Alloy 600 Steam Generator Tubes" by L.E. Thomas, and
S.M. BruemmerQuestions and Answers
"Modeling Concentrated Solution Transport and Accumulation in
Steam Generator Tube Support Plate Crevices" by A. Baum, and K.
EvansQuestions and Answers
"Clues and Issues in the SCC of High Nickel Alloys Associated
with Dissolved Lead" by R.W. StaehleQuestions and Answers
"Effect of Lead Contamination on Steam Generator Tube
Degradation" by Y.C. LuQuestions and Answers
"The Effect of Lead Ions on the Dissolution and Passivation of
Nickel Base Alloys" by H. Radhakrishnan, R. Newman, and A.
CarceaQuestions and Answers
"Effects of Pb on SCC of Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 in Prototypical
Steam Generator Chemistries" by J. Lumsden, A. Mcilree, R. Eaker,
R. Thompson, and S. Slosnerick"Evaluation of Crack Growth Rate for
Alloy 600TT SG Tubing in Primary and Faulted Secondary Water
Environments" by Y. Yamamoto, M. Ozawa, K. Nakata, T. Tsuruta, M.
Sato, and T. OkabeQuestions and Answers
"Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Alloys in Complex (Liquid
and Vapor) Environments" by O. de Bouvier, E.-M. Pavageau, F.
Vaillant, L. Legras, and F. DelabrouilleQuestions and Answers
"Effect of Water Chemistry on Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 600
SG Tubes Under Acidic Conditions" by S. Fukuchi, K. Koba, H. Anada,
and M. KanzakiQuestions and Answers
"SCC Behavior of Model Alloy 600 Containing Minor Element Cerium
in a Caustic Solution" by J.S. Kim, Y.-S. Yi, O.-C. Kwon, Y. Lim,
and M. JungQuestions and Answers
"A New Technique for Intergranular Crack Formation in Alloy 600
Steam Generator Tubing" by T.H. Lee, I.S. Hwang, H.S. Chung, and
J.Y. Park"Erosion-Corrosion of Alloy UNS N04400" by G. Ogundele, A.
Lloyd, S. Pagan, and F. Camacho"Assessment of Amine Specific
Effects on the Flow Accelerated Corrosion Rate of Carbon and Low
Alloy Steels" by J.M. Jevec, P.J. King, C.A. Pearce, K. Fruzzetti,
and K. SedmanQuestions and Answers
"Oxidation Behavior of Austenitic Materials Exposed to Secondary
Side Water at 282C" by J. Sarver, and P. King"Characterization of
Austenitic Materials Exposed to Secondary Side Water at 282C" by S.
Ramamurthy, R. Davidson, S. McIntyre, J. Sarver, and P.
KingQuestions and Answers
SuperCritical Water-Cooled Reactors"Challenges and Recent
Progress in Corrosion and Stress Corosion Cracking of Alloys for
Supercritical Water Reactor Core Components" by G.S. Was, and S.
TeysseyreQuestions and Answers
"Effect of Proton Irradiation and Grain Boundary Engineering on
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ferritic-Martensitic Alloys in
Supercritical Water" by G. Gupta, and G.S. WasQuestions and
Answers
"Corrosion of Zirconium-Based Fuel Cladding Alloys in
Supercritical Water" by Y.H. Jeong, J.Y. Park, H.G. Kim, J.T.
Busby, E. Gartner, M. Atzmon, G.S. Was, R.J. Comstock, Y.S. Chu, M.
Gomes da Silva, A. Yilmazbayhan, and A.T. MottaQuestions and
Answers
"Corrosion-Resistant Coatings for Use in a Supercritical Water
Candu Reactor" by D.A. Guzonas, J.S. Wills, G.A. McRae, S.
Sullivan, K. Chu, K. Heaslip, and M. StoneQuestions and Answers
"Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ferritic-Martensitic
Alloys in Supercritical Water" by P. Ampornrat, C.B. Bahn, and G.S.
WasQuestions and Answers
"Corrosion of Candidate Materials for Supercritical Water-Cooled
Reactors" by T.R. Allen, Y. Chen, L. Tan, X. Ren, K.
Sridharan,Questions and Answers
"General Corrosion Properties of Titanium Based Alloys for the
Fuel Claddings in the Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor" by J.
Kaneda, S. Kasahara, J. Kuniya, K. Moriya, F. Kano, N. Saito, A.
Shioiri, T. Shibayama, and H. TakahashiQuestions and Answers
Waste Materials and Mechanical Properties"Dynamic Strain Aging
of Ni-Base Alloys Inconel 600 and 690" by H. Hnninen, M.
Ivanchenko, Y. Yagodzinskyy, V. Nevdacha, U. Ehrnstn, and P.
Aaltonen"Stifling of Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22" by K.G. Mon,
G.M. Gordon, and R.B. Rebak"Materials Degradation Issues in the
U.S. High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository" by K.G. Mon, and F.
Hua"SCC Initiation and Growth Rate Studies on Titanium Grade 7 and
Base Metal, Welded and Aged Alloy 22 in Concentrated Groundwater"
by P.L. Andresen, G.M. Catlin, P.W. Emigh, and G.M. Gordon"Dynamic
Strain Ageing and EAC of Deformed Nitrogen-Alloyed AISI 316
Stainless Steels" by U. Ehrnstn, M. Ivanchenko, V. Nevdacha, Y.
Yagodzinskyy, A. Toivonen, and H. Hnninen
Author IndexSubject IndexTMS Essentials
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/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict >
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/DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling
/LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams>
setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict >
/JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false
/DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
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/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict >
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/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict >
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/DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
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/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict >
/GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict >
/JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false
/DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict >
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/Description >>> setdistillerparams>
setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict >
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/DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
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/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict >
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/JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false
/DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict >
/AllowPSXObjects false /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false
/PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
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/Description >>> setdistillerparams>
setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict >
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/CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300
/GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true
/GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300
/GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2
/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict >
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/JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false
/CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200
/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200
/MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None
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/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000
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/OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure
false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles
false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe)
(CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector
/DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling
/LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams>
setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict >
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/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict >
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/JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false
/CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200
/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200
/MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None
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/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000
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/DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling
/LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams>
setpagedevice