2021 International Mechatronics Virtual Conference and ...

mechatronics.okstate.edu

2021 Sept 27 - Oct 1

Hosted by Oklahoma State University

2021 INTERNATIONAL MECHATRONICS CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS

The Mechatronics Conference and Workshops will be hosted virtually by Oklahoma State University on 2021 Sept 30 - Oct 1 and pre-conference workshops available 2021 Sept 27- Sept 29. The conference and workshops are motivated by the demand for the next generation multi-disciplinary workforce in industries. This conference is intended to bring together academic professionals and industry in Mechatronics, robotics, and other electromechanical/electrohydraulic fields to provide participant an opportunity to stay up to date with the incredible dynamic growth in the Mechatronics field. Keynotes from academia and specialized industry professionals, technical sessions, and conference workshops are designed to benefit a wide range of participants including educators teaching Mechatronics, robotics, dynamics, and control courses, graduate and undergraduate students seeking academic careers in Mechatronics and robotics, and industry professionals desiring to shape the future workforce. Nevertheless, the conference will provide an excellent opportunity for the participants to develop relationships and network in the virtual format with peers from academia and industry. Coupled with this conference are several LIVE, virtual workshops for additional learning opportunities in the field of Mechatronics. Early registration is encouraged to take advantage of workshops.

Virtual Conference SchedulePre-Conference Workshops

Monday, Sept 27 - Virtual Pre-Conference Workshops• Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) Essential Fundamentals

Tuesday, Sept 28 - Virtual Pre-Conference Workshops• Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) Intermediate Level

Wednesday, Sept 29 - Virtual Pre-Conference Workshops• Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) Advanced Level

ConferenceThursday, Sep 30 - Online Conference Sessions

9:30am - 10:45am Welcome & Keynote10:45am - 11:00am Break11:00am - 12:00 pm Technical Sessions - 3 Papers12:00pm - 1:30pm Networking Lunch1:30pm - 3:10pm Technical Sessions - 5 Papers

3:10pm - 3:30pm Break 3:30pm - 4:30pm Technical Sessions - 3 Papers

4:30pm - 4:45pm Closing Comments

Friday, Oct 01 - Online Conference Sessions9:00am - 10:20am Opening Remarks and Technical Sessions - 4 Papers 10:20am - 10:45am Break10:45am - 12:05pm Technical Sessions - 4 Papers12:05pm - 1:30pm Lunch1:30pm - 2:10pm Technical Sessions - 2 Papers

2:10pm - 2:30pm Break2:30pm - 3:00pm Closing Ceremony

KeynoteMechatronics Degree: Past, Present, and FuturePresented by this year’s Keynote Speaker: Dr. Alex Sergeyev

Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of electrical and mechanical engineering, robotics, computational hardware, and software to design products and processes. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing and is a prevalent degree in Europe, Asia, and Russia. Mechatronics education started gaining significant momentum in the United States as the landscape of engineering programs has changed in the past decade. Shifting from traditional degrees leading directly to closely aligned positions in industry to preparing individuals with advanced technical competencies capable of engaging in interdisciplinary research and industry applications.

Michigan Tech introduced interdisciplinary Master of Science and Bachelor of Science degrees in Mechatronics in 2019 and 2020, respectively. An in-depth analysis across the entire industrial sector has been conducted to justify the need for Mechatronics degrees. In addition, a unique approach in the development of Mechatronics degrees has been applied, making them available to a broad spectrum of students. Michigan Tech strives to deliver the best possible educational experience to students by providing extensive practical training on industrial equipment. Both mechatronics degrees are no exception. They include significant hands-on training on industrial robots, programmable logic controllers, microcontrollers, mechatronics training stations, advanced hydraulic and pneumatic trainers, and so much more.

In this talk, Dr. Sergeyev will share past, present and future trends of the Mechatronics degrees on the national and international levels. He will also outline the mechatronics specialists' current role and immediate need across a broad spectrum of industries. In addition, the presentation will discuss the details of the degrees developed at Michigan Tech Mechatronics, their approach taken and lessons learned. BiographyDr. Alex Sergeyev is a Professor in the Department of Applied Computing in the College of Computing at Michigan Technological University.

Dr. Alex Sergeyev holds a bachelor's degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering, MS degree in Physics, and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering. Prior to joining Michigan Tech, he spent eight years in the industry as an engineer and later as a manager.

At Michigan Tech, Dr. Sergeyev is a coordinator for a B.S. in Mechatronics, a B.S. in Electrical Engineering Technology Programs, and a Graduate Program Director for Masters of Science in Mechatronics. Dr. Sergeyev also directs FANUC Certified Industrial Robotic Training Center.

Dr. Alex Sergeyev’s research interests include industrial robotics, automation, high energy lasers propagation through the turbulent atmosphere, developing advanced control algorithms for wavefront sensing and mitigating effects of the turbulent atmosphere, digital inline holography, digital signal processing, and laser spectroscopy. He published over 100 peer-reviewed journals, conference proceeding articles, and technical reports.

Dr. Sergeyev is a member of ASEE, IEEE, SPIE, IAJC, PICMET, ATMAE and actively promotes engineering education.

Call for AbstractsThe 3rd Annual Mechatronics Conference invites researchers, educators, and industry professionals to submit abstracts for presentations at this year's conference. The conference's theme is Mechatronics, robotic systems, and education focusing on a wide range of topics.

Topics of interest:

• Graduate and undergraduate Mechatronics education

• Mechatronics in manufacturing

• Mechatronics in health care

• Mechatronics in human safety and protection

• Mechatronics in construction

• Mechatronics fire protection

• Robotics in manufacturing, construction, surveillance, search and rescue

• Robot control, path planning, and applications

The conference will feature a wide range of exciting keynote talks from academia and industry professionals. The conference gives a great opportunity to Network with experts, researchers, and up-and-coming leaders in the field of mechatronics.

We welcome abstracts of both applied and theoretical research related to the field of mechatronics as mentioned in the focus area. Abstracts will be peer-reviewed. The authors will be notified of the acceptance/rejection based on content, available space, and overall program balance.

Presentation and poster abstracts should be submitted through the call for proposals on EasyChair, available at https://easychair.org/cfp/IMC2021. Please follow the submission link to upload a proposal.

LIVE Virtual WorkshopsGeometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) WorkshopsOklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

AbstractGeometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a systematic method for defining and communicating engineering tolerances. It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings and CAD models to define the theoretically perfect geometry of parts and assemblies, to define the allowable variation in form and size of individual features, and to define the allowable variation between features. GD&T can improve quality and reduce cost through enhanced producibility. In the current industry, GD&T is considered as one of the most critical and important skillsets for design, manufacturing, and quality control engineers. However, while a good portion of engineers use GD&T on a regular basis with a good knowledge and experience, many others are still unfamiliar with this powerful communications tool.

ContentsThree part workshop will cover comprehensive GD&T Techniques and their applications to real-world problems based on ASME Y14.5M-2009 & 2018 that is a commonly used standard in the United States.

Intended audience Any design/manufacturing/inspection engineers, engineering managers, engineering students, teachers or faculty members who are willing to learn GD&T techniques and its applications.Materials provided: Lecture notes and workshop handouts will be provided.

StructureEssential Fundamentals 9/27/21, Intermediate Level 9/28/21, Advanced Level 9/29/21

InstructorDr. Chulho Yang is a professor and the MET program coordinator. He received a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, USA. He has a professional engineer (PE) license registered in Oklahoma. Prior to joining OSU in 2008, he acquired 11 years of industrial experience with ArvinMeritor technical center, IBM Korea, and KIA Motors R&D Center. Much of his work focused on vehicle structure design and optimization, vehicle NVH test and development, CAD/CAM/CAE, and engineering consulting on design methodologies. Designing new vehicle structures, he registered many patents in the USA, Europe, Japan, and Korea. He has performed research in the areas of mechanical system analysis and design, noise and vibration, experimental sensitivity analysis, structural dynamics and health monitoring, design optimization, biomechanics, and protective device/structure. He teaches Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), Advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Vibration and Acoustics, Dynamics, and Terminal Ballistics and Armor.

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) RationaleAs no one can live without speaking language, no engineer can perform his/her job without using proper engineering language. GD&T is the language that connects the engineering community and a systematic method for communicating engineering tolerances. It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings and CAD models to define the allowable variation in form and size of individual features and to define the allowable variation between features. GD&T can improve quality and reduce cost through enhanced producibility. In the current industry, GD&T is considered as one of the most critical and important skillsets for design, manufacturing, and quality control engineers. While a good portion of engineers use GD&T on a regular basis with a good knowledge and experience, almost all industries are in strong needs of engineers who are trained with this powerful communications tool.

“Your GD&T material is looking very good. I am so glad you are taking an interest in this subject because it has a much greater impact on design/tooling/inspection/assembly than anyone could understand without having this knowledge. The curriculum you are creating for OSU is outstanding. I don’t know of any other colleges for aerospace engineering that teach GD&T as a planned subject. The problems related to this topic are overwhelming and the prime companies are beginning to realize it more and more. The aerospace industry will not be able to achieve proper interchangeability by design without the proper use of GD&T. ASME Y14.5 is the only specification in the U.S. for providing interchangeability in the design. More and more, these companies are looking for engineers with GD&T expertise.” - Greg Turner, an engineer and GD&T instructor in the aerospace industry for more than 30 years

ContentsThis course covers comprehensive GD&T techniques and their applications to real-world problems based on ASME Y14.5M-2009 & 2018 that is commonly used standard in the United States.

• Dimensioning/tolerancing standards, tolerance stacks, class of fits

• Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing standards (GD&T)

a. Form, Orientation, Location, & Runout

• Geometric characteristics and tolerance zones

• Datums & datum features

• Modifiers, bonus tolerances, virtual conditions

• Application of GD&T to product design and manufacturing

- Design your own product, make prototypes, and inspect them

- Understand how engineering design drives the processes for tool locating, part processing requirements as well as inspection requirements

Intended audience Any engineers, technicians, or managers who work in machine design/manufacturing/quality control areas, or anyone who wants to learn GD&T and its applications.

PrerequisitesA basic knowledge or experience in CAD and engineering drawings

Monday, Sept 27 - Virtual Pre-Conference WorkshopsGeometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) Essential Fundamentals

a. Intro to GD&Tb. Formc. Datumd. Orientatione. Locationf. Feature Modifier, Virtual Condition, & Bonus Tol.

Tuesday, Sept 28 - Virtual Pre-Conference WorkshopsGeometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) Intermediate Level

a. Coaxial Tolerance, Runoutsb. Fastenersc. Composite Tolerancesd. Boundariese. Datum Feature Modifier

Wednesday, Sept 29 - Virtual Pre-Conference WorkshopsGeometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) Advanced Level

a. Patterns of holes as a Datumb. Refinement of Orientation for Thin Featuresc. Model-Based Definitiond. Datums, FCF, and Modifierse. Simultaneous and Separate Requirementsf. Functional Gaugingg. Probing Challengesh. Datum Application Reviewsi. Consideration for GD&T Application

InstructorsDr. Chulho Yang, professor and MET program coordinator, Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, IN, USA, Professional engineer (PE) in Oklahoma He acquired 11 years of industrial experience with ArvinMeritor technical center, IBM Korea, and KIA Motors R&D Center. His work focused on vehicle structure design/optimization, vehicle NVH test and development, CAD/CAM/CAE, and engineering consulting on design methodologies. He registered many patents in the USA, Europe,

Japan, and Korea. He has performed research in the areas of mechanical system analysis and design, noise and vibration, experimental sensitivity analysis, structural dynamics and health monitoring, design optimization, biomechanics, and protective device/structure. Dr. Yang has taught Engineering Graphics, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), Advanced Computer-Aided Design (CATIA), Vibration and Acoustics, Dynamics, and Terminal Ballistics and Armor.

Mr. Greg Turner has worked in Design/Manufacturing/R&D roles for more than 40 years. He served a 4-yer Apprenticeship at Caterpillar Tractor from 1978-1982. He has a Bachelor Degree in Business Administration from Dallas Baptist University. He has worked at Caterpillar, Boeing, McDonnell-Douglas, Bell Helicopter and LTV/Vought/Triumph. He has taught GD&T (ASME Y14.5) for more than 30 years. He is currently working at Triumph in Dallas-Ft. Worth area. He lives in Burleson, Texas and likes to spend time with his wife, kids, and grandkids.

Virtual Conference Registrationmechatronics.okstate.edu Virtual Conference Registration $150Virtual Conference Student Registration $50

Virtual Pre-Conference RegistrationGeometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)9/27 GD&T Essential Fundamentals: $250 with Conference*9/28 GD&T Intermediate Level: $250 with Conference* 9/29 GD&T Advanced Level: $250 with Conference**GD&T Courses are $350/course if purchased without the conference registration. Receive $100 off eachGD&T course by bundling with the Mechatronics Virtual Conference.

CONFERENCE BUNDLE$850 (5 Days)Conference Bundle includes All Three GD&T Workshops & Conference

Platinum Sponsor - DET is the Platinum Sponsor this year

2021 International Mechatronics Virtual Conference and Workshops

All times listed in Central Daylight Time (CDT)

Thursday, September 30, 2021 Welcome and Keynote

Please note: All times listed in CDT

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy 9:00 am to 9:15 am Zoom Meeting open to Conference Committee and Session Speakers only 9:15 am Attendees admitted from Zoom Waiting Room by Zoom Host account 9:30 am to 9:45 am Speaker Introduction: Dr. Yang

Welcome Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Randy Seitsinger, Oklahoma State University

9:45 am to 10:45 am Speaker Introduction: Dr. Sahoo

Keynote Address Alex Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University

Technical Session 1: Mechatronics Education I Zoom link: https://bit.ly/2021MechaConf

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy Chair Lanju Mei, University of Maryland Eastern Shore

Co-Chair Dr. Raj Desai, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX

10:45 am to 11:00 am Break

10:55 am Session chair/co-chair to begin introductions, remind attendees to sign in for attendance

11:00 am to 11:20 am Technology Programs for the Working Professional Raj Desai, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX

11:20 am to 11:40 am

Design of a Portable Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction System – An Interdisciplinary Project for Undergraduate Education Lanju Mei, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Lei Zhang, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Xianfang Tan, Penn State University at Brandywine

11:40 am to 12:00 pm

Stackable Model for Graduate Certification Leading to MS Degree in Mechatronics Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University Nathir Rawashdeh, Michigan Technological University Paniz Hazaveh, Michigan Technological University

2

Virtual Networking SessionCEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/ Brandy

12:00 pm to 1:30 pm An online networking opportunity for peer discussions Technical Session 2: Mechatronics Education II

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy Chair Zhiyuan Yu, Miami University

Co-Chair Pablo Rangel, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi

01:25 pm Session chair/co-chair to begin introductions, remind attendees to sign in for attendance

01:30 pm to 01:50 pm

Teaching critical skills in industrial automation using systems integration techniques. Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University Chinmay Kondekar, Michigan Technological University

01:50 pm to 02:10 pm

Robot Arm and Machine Center Integrated System and Its Application in Engineering Education Zhiyuan Yu, Miami University Robert Speckert, Miami University Ayodele Abatan, Miami University

02:10 pm to 02:30 pm Autonomous Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue Vehicle Senior Design Project - Oklahoma State University Turner McCoy, Oklahoma State University

02:30 pm to 02:50 pm

Developing Mission-based Multi-Agent Ground Robots in Academia through Iterative Applied Research: The Swarmie Case Study Pablo Rangel, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi Jose Baca, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi Alan Garduno, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi

02:50 pm to 03:10 pm Do The Math

Robert Knezek, Ameriband LLC Brenda Reed, Ameriband LLC

Break 03:10 pm to 03:30 pm

3

Technical Session 3: Mechatronics Applications I

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy Chair Dr. Raj Desai, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX

Co-Chair Dr. Thomas Parker, TP Services

03:25 pm Zoom Host account to share background music and rotating slides while attendees join

03:30 pm Session chair/co-chair to begin introductions, remind attendees to sign in for attendance

03:30 pm to 03:50 pm

Mind-Controlled Prosthetic Arm Mahdi Yazdanpour, Northern Kentucky University Kali Tackett, Northern Kentucky University Biplov Ale, Northern Kentucky University

03:50 pm to 04:10 pm Robot Programming to Simulate Warehouse Logistics Raj Desai, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX

04:10 pm to 04:30 pm Tropical Storm and Hurricane Surveillance – Likely Candidates for the Application of Mechatronics Thomas Parker, TP Services

Closing Comments 04:30 pm to 04:45 pm

4

Friday, October 01, 2021 Technical Session 4: Robotics in Healthcare

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy Chair Zeki Ilhan, Midwestern State University

Co-Chair Omar Abouzahr, Oklahoma State University

8:30 am to 8:55 am Zoom Meeting open to Conference Committee and Session Speakers only

8:55 am Attendees admitted from Zoom Waiting Room by Zoom Host account

9:00 am Session chair/co-chair to begin introductions, remind attendees to sign in for attendance

9:00 am to 9:20 am

Remotely Controlled Herbicide Dispenser to Neutralize Floating Yellow Heart Omar Abouzahr, Oklahoma State University Peter Ramsdale, Oklahoma State University Jamey Jacob, Oklahoma State University Andrew Cole, Oklahoma State University Taylor Mitchell, Unmanned Systems Research Institute Victoria Natalie, Unmanned Systems Research Institute

9:20 am to 9:40 am A Novel Flexible Mechanical Actuator Serving As An Artificial Muscle Joel Quarnstrom, Oklahoma State University

9:40 am to 10:00 am

Design and Control of a Gravity Compensation Mechanism for Human Lower Limb Rehabilitation Zeki Ilhan, Midwestern State University Noah Inge, Midwestern State University Germiamah Junkere, Midwestern State University Ty Green, Midwestern State University Chad Simeon, Midwestern State University

10:00 am to 10:20 am Role of Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) for energy efficiency and improvements Hitesh D. Vora, Oklahoma State University

Break 10:20 am to 10:45 pm

5

Technical Session 5: Robotics and Control

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy Chair Geetika Vennam, Oklahoma State University

Co-Chair Moad Abudia, Oklahoma State University

10:40 am Zoom Host account to share background music and rotating slides while attendees join

10:45 am Session chair/co-chair to begin introductions, remind attendees to sign in for attendance

10:45 am to 11:05 am

Controlling a Robotic Arm with a Motion Tracking Camera Jordan Fogg, Oklahoma State University Emory Meursing, Oklahoma State University Huaxia Wang, Oklahoma State University

11:05 am to 11:25 am

Wind-aware Kinodynamic Planning Mehnaz Sharna, Oklahoma State University

Moad Kamal Abuelgasm Abudia, Oklahoma State University

Rushikesh Kamalapurkar, Oklahoma State University

11:25 am to 11:45 am State of Health Inclusive Aging Model of Lithium-ion Batteries Geetika Vennam, Oklahoma State University

Avimanyu Sahoo, Oklahoma State University

11:45 am to 12:05 pm

Dynamic mode decomposition via finite rank approximation of Liouville operators Moad Abudia, Oklahoma State University

Rushikesh Kamalapurkar, Oklahoma State University

Virtual Networking Session/LUNCHCEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/ Brandy 12:05 pm to 1:30 pm An online networking opportunity for peer discussions

6

Technical Session 6: Mechatronics Applications II

CEAT PD Staff Facilitator Bonnie/Brandy Chair Devin Jurko, Oklahoma State University

01:15 pm Zoom Host account to share background music and rotating slides while attendees join

01:25 pm Session chair/co-chair to begin introductions, remind attendees to sign in for attendance

01:30 pm to 01:50 pm

The Effectiveness of Mimicking Microgravity Using Rotating Cylinders Devin Jurko, Oklahoma State University

Aaron Alexander, Oklahoma State University

Jeremy Sabo, Oklahoma State University

Rita Miller, Oklahoma State University

01:50 pm to 02:10 pm

System for Solar Cell Performance Evaluation at Stratospheric Altitudes Meghana Fathepure, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, University of Oklahoma Nicco Wang, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Columbia University Daniel Tikalsky, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Alexander Booker, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Oklahoma State University Jamey Jacob, , Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Oklahoma State University

Break 02:10 pm to 02:30 pm

Closing Ceremony

02:30 pm to 03:00 pm Speaker Introduction: Dr. A Sahoo

Closing Remarks and Presentation of Awards Dr. Young Chang, Oklahoma State University • Reminder for participants to complete conference evaluation• Abstracts along with links to conference videos to be sent

post-conference

2021 Technical Session AbstractsTechnical Session 1: Mechatronics Education I

1.1 Technology Programs for the Working Professional

Authors: Raj Desai, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX

Abstract: This proposal outlines a proposal for serving working professionals in industry by offering them two undergraduate programs of study to enhance their education and improve their job prospects. Some courses are proposed to be offered online because we expected working people to be interested in one of the programs. By offering courses online we can attract a new group of working professionals that are constrained by their jobs from being able to take any regular day or night courses.

Many students with associate degrees need four-year degrees to move into management positions. Online education allows them to keep their job and pursue higher education, so they can move up in their careers. A two-year online course rotation cycle was developed for the Technology courses. This will allow students to take the course they are interested in during their junior or senior year. The students are able to enhance their skills in order to be promotable.

The advantages of online education are learning anytime and anywhere which is especially good for working adults including those that have to travel as part of their job. The use of online education in technical education is growing. E-learning is the new name applied to internet based online education. Online education also helps with scheduling and program costs. Many online students are older working adults balancing studies with the demand of family and work.

1.2 Design of a Portable Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction System – An Interdisciplinary Project for Undergraduate Education

Authors: Lanju Mei, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Lei Zhang, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Xianfang Tan, Penn State University at Brandywine

Abstract: Our world has been permanently changed by the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 starts around the end of 2019. In the first few months of 2020, the whole world was in urgent need of an effective, easy, and quick method for the identification of the infection of the new virus. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machine, which can test DNA samples by rapidly making millions of copies of a specific DNA sample through the PCR process, including the COVID-19 virus, can perfectly fit this demand. In this study, a design project on PCR is introduced for undergraduate education in mechatronics. The objective of this project is to develop a low-cost, ease-of-use, wallet-size, portable real-time PCR (RT-PCR) machine for accurate testing of various bacteria or viruses. The key function of the PT-PCR system is to precisely control and maintain the temperature of the bio-sample solution within a range between 55℃ and 95℃. The RT-PCR system is centrally controlled by a microcontroller Raspberry Pi 3. It receives temperature measurements from thermistors and operates the heating lid, the thermoelectric module, and the cooling fan to regulate the temperatures required in repetitive thermal cycles. This project provides students opportunities in studying and practicing a wide range of mechatronic techniques and skills, including mechanical design, electronics design, microcomputer programming, system control, power electronics, sensors and actuators, data acquisition and processing, cellphone app development. Students can gain comprehensive understanding of the design of mechatronic system after they overcome various challenges emerging in the project. From the view of engineering education, the process of this project development has demonstrated the importance and benefits of adopting complex interdisciplinary engineering problems for student teams to solve especially those involve contemporary issues.

1.3 Stackable Model for Graduate Certification Leading to MS Degree in Mechatronics

Authors: Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University Nathir Rawashdeh, Michigan Technological University Paniz Hazaveh, Michigan Technological University

Abstract: Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of electrical and mechanical engineering, robotics, computational hardware, and software in the design of products and processes. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing. This Graduate Certificate in Mechatronics is responsive to advice from industrial advisory board members and other industry contacts to meet industry needs and to develop career pathways. Existing graduate certificates (~15 credits) are designed around advanced controls, digital electronics, and mechatronics systems with little or no emphasis on automation or industrial robotics. Described in this paper innovative, stackable model for graduate certification leading to MS in Mechatronics at Michigan Tech is designed to address this by focusing on industrial robotics, automation, and controls. The graduate certificates are available to students from EET, EE, ME, and MET disciplines as long as they complete required courses in Mechanical, Electrical, and Cybersecurity. Job descriptions from Tesla, Ford, Fanuc, GM, and many other automation companies call for a specific knowledge of Fanuc robots and PLCs. The innovative approach of offering industry-driven Graduate Certificates leading to MS degree in Mechatronics at Michigan Tech for students or reskilling of industry engineers is presented. Technical Session 2: Mechatronics Education II 2.1 Teaching critical skills in industrial automation using systems integration techniques. Authors: Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University Chinmay Kondekar, Michigan Technological University Abstract: Industrial automation is the technique of automating industrial manufacturing or manufacturing supporting processes to increase efficiency and accuracy while reducing human workload. Nowadays, industrial processes involve multiple machines and systems integration to perform specific tasks and often require coordination and control between them. The inter-system coordination is achieved using systems integration techniques which bring different systems not designed to work together under unified control that involve advanced programming of industrial controllers and utilization of different communication protocols. This paper outlines automation skills, techniques, and approaches to adequately educate students for opportunities in industrial controls and automation. Authors discuss industrial communication, control wiring, and advanced programming techniques developed through system integration of a machining and material handling workcell. Utilizing this advanced industry-like manufacturing system, students are able to learn communication between PLCs and robots and control the program execution on the robots using advanced programming techniques utilizing the Add-On-Instructions.

2.2 Robot Arm and Machine Center Integrated System and Its Application in Engineering Education Authors: Zhiyuan Yu, Miami University Robert Speckert, Miami University Ayodele Abatan, Miami University Abstract: This research presents the integration of a machine tending Fanuc robot arm with Fanuc machine center for automated mass production of an aluminum part. The robot arm is used for loading machine-ready blanks and unloading finished parts from the machine center. The robot arm will palletize the finished parts with the help of a vision sensor. The system is equipped with multiple safety sensors and features to ensure highest level safety for beginner users. The machine center g-code, robot arm path planning code, and the communication code between the robot and machine center will be introduced in the presentation. The system is used for engineering education purposes for the Mechanical Engineering Technology undergraduate program at Miami University. Three courses, Engineering Materials, Computer Aided Manufacturing, and Machine Design utilize the equipment for hand-on labs. The machine tending robot is trending in the machining industry, and this research offers experience for college educators in such topics.

2.3 Autonomous Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue Vehicle Senior Design Project - Oklahoma State University Authors: Turner McCoy, Oklahoma State University Abstract: As the field of mechatronics continues to grow, so to do the applications. Autonomous Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (AARF) vehicles have been developed by several major companies such as Lockheed-Martin, Honda, and DOK-ING. These vehicles have largely been made for military and emergency response services so far but could soon be a common place in communities that could save countless lives. The main functions and design considerations for an AARF vehicle must include speed when lives are at stake and a delayed arrival could cost lives. It must also be able to detect and extinguish a fire in an efficient and effective manner. An AARF vehicle must be able to endure the elements it could be exposed to while fighting a fire. Extreme heat tolerance and waterproofing must also be a major concern of the design. Oklahoma State University Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology students were tasked with designing and competing an AARF. The assignment was to design and build an Autonomous Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting vehicle that will compete in Oklahoma State University’s Speedfest where the vehicle must autonomously navigate a prescribed ground course that will be determined the day of the competition, detect and extinguish a pot fire, and return back to the starting point while avoiding obstacles. Each team is given a budget of $3,000 excluding the parts already available, to complete the assignment. Each team is also limited to two 6000mAH batteries for the electrically powered system. The only size limitation given is that the wheelbase for the truck must be 22 inches or smaller. All parts, except off-the-shelf parts (such as wheels, motors, batteries, shock absorbers, bearings, adhesives, fire extinguishing agents and related items), must be manufactured by the team. The application of this mechatronics system must be fully automated with a manual and remote kill switch.

2.4 Developing Mission-based Multi-Agent Ground Robots in Academia through Iterative Applied Research: The Swarmie Case Study Authors: Pablo Rangel, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi

Jose Baca, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi Alan Garduno, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi Abstract: Two teams of undergraduate students through the process of three academic semesters assisted with the simulation, modeling and development of an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) swarm. Concepts such as control, collision avoidance, search algorithms, embedded systems, mechatronics, programing, and computer vision were learnt and put in practice by the students. The swarm main objective consisted in coordinating an essential operation for future space exploration missions to Mars or the Moon. The first team developed the multi-agent simulation while the second work on the hardware implementation. The first team used existing National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swarmathon competition simulations as their basis to enable six robots to autonomously do a central-place foraging (CPF) task. CPF swarm operations would be essential for the mission to Mars because it would enable a practical and rapid resources gathering. An example involves in-situ resource utilization in which ice can be collected to be utilized as a source for oxygen and fuel. The development of the robotic swarm coordination strategy was first simulated through the open source NetLogo multi-agent programmable modeling environment. The original code was improved to simulate a robust multi-agent collision avoidance behavior. Such model is based on the elastic collision of gas particles. A safety bubble around each agent is created by means of a sensor fusion architecture, enabling the Sense-and-Avoid (SAA) behavior of the collision avoidance control. The initial goal was to ensure the safety of operations performed by coordinated and uncoordinated autonomous robotic swarms in benefit towards future space exploration missions. The second team worked in a period of two semesters to implement the hardware implementation of the robots. Two “Swarmie” ground autonomous vehicles were developed. The UGV hardware was developed to be capable of self-resource utilization in which resources are collected and brought back to a central location in a simulated physical environment. The team put together the essential hardware and developed the basis for its control though the Robotic Operating System (ROS). This paper is in function to explain the challenges and processes into how multidisciplinary undergraduate students were mentored and coordinated to develop the intended swarm technology. The first team was recruited through a virtual National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU). This team of students’ specialty was in computer science. And the second team consisted in mechanical an electrical engineering students completing their senior Capstone project. Two diverse teams’ ideas connected in an iterative process in order to develop the foundations for a process to develop complex robotic systems. Both processes involved instructing them on research methods, engineering skills, testing practices and project management skills aided by the fundamentals of systems engineering. The lessons learn and significant steps taken into the creation of a “Swarmie” are presented through the document. The iterative process has been documented and it is expected to assist STEM educators into develop students capable to create innovative technologies such as swarm robotics.

2.5 Do The Math Authors: Robert Knezek, Ameriband LLC Brenda Reed, Ameriband LLC Abstract: How math analyses led to a simple, low-cost, highly fuel-efficient engine design. Inventors have been trying for many years to design a piston engine with continuously variable displacement, CVD, for high fuel efficiency. CVD permits the engine to operate at maximum fuel efficiency over a wide range of power. No engine designs with CVD suitable for commercial applications have been found until my discovery through use of mathematical analyses as a guide to the design solution. In order for the CVD engine to be acceptable for commercial use, the engine must include the following features: simple, low cost, durable, low engine losses, low emissions, and be capable of maintaining a constant compression ratio. Our CVD engine meets all of these requirements. The selected way to achieve CVD is to vary piston stroke. Use of a crankshaft in conventional piston engines virtually eliminates the ability to achieve CVD. Our selected piston control mechanism has cylinders arranged axially around a central power shaft and pistons are connected to a circular (wobble) plate. The wobble plate, in turn, causes the power shaft to rotate The most recent engine design of this type is known as the Duke Engine that does not include CVD. The piston stroke is controlled by the angle of the wobble plate from a plane perpendicular to the power shaft and the distance of the connecting rod bearing from the center-line of the power shaft. The engine displacement is determined by the piston stroke, piston diameter, and number of pistons. A simple mathematical equation was found to describe the location of the center-point of wobble plate along the power shaft needed to maintain a constant compression ratio. Mathematical analyses of a number of variations in the design of the piston control mechanism were conducted to determine their suitability for commercial applications. The design of the piston control mechanism that met all of the suitability requirements for commercial applications was only found through mathematical calculations. The steps leading to the final design are described in greater detail in the presentation.

Technical Session 3: Mechatronics Applications I 3.1 Mind-Controlled Prosthetic Arm Authors: Mahdi Yazdanpour, Northern Kentucky University Kali Tackett, Northern Kentucky University Biplov Ale, Northern Kentucky University Abstract: Integrating the electrical activities of the brain with electro-mechanical systems to develop mind-controlled machines has become one of the most active research topics in the Human-Robot Interaction and Robotics communities. In this research, we design and implement a mind-controlled prosthetic arm. Users can control this robotic arm using the power of their minds. Our system detects changes in brainwaves that happen when user preforms or thinks of preforming a specific movement. We use a wireless 14-channel Electroencephalography (EEG) brainwear to read the human brain waves. We develop a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) to recognize trained thoughts, to process the neurosignals, and to convert them to meaningful commands. These commands will be sent to a microcontroller wirelessly to control the prosthetic arm movements. This research assists people with hand disabilities and arm amputations to control a prosthetic arm by their thoughts. It enhances their interactive experiences, and improves their engagement with their surroundings. 3.2 Robot Programming to Simulate Warehouse Logistics Authors: Raj Desai, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX Abstract: We will build and program a webcam controlled vehicle that can be used to help simulate warehouse logistics using Arduino microcontroller hardware and MATLAB programming. MATLAB is a high level programming language for algorithm development, data analysis, visualization, and numerical computation. MATHLAB is a math programming software that engineering students need to learn in order to solve complex math problems related to engineering. We will control Arduino input/output (I/O) from MATLAB programming. MATLAB is used heavily by academia and industry to solve problems. This project will introduce student/s to the foundations of programming, electronics, inputs and outputs, digital and analog technologies, and serial communication. This material in the future can be used in the Intro to Engineering course to teach basic MATLAB programming concepts using an Arduino microcontroller. It can also be used in a summer camp for prospective high school students. This project involves mechatronics which is the synergistic integration of electrical and mechanical engineering, robotics, computational hardware, and software in the design of products and processes.

3.3 Tropical Storm and Hurricane Surveillance – Likely Candidates for the Application of Mechatronics Authors: Thomas Parker, TP Services Abstract: Background - Knowing when and where severe weather is going to occur has proven benefits. As population and investment increase, the need to improve the ability to predict and to direct the application of relief efforts grows. Applying the discipline of Mechatronics to the problem of acquisition of critical environmental information, appears advantageous. Problem Statement – Manned aircraft are the main source of severe environment characterization data. Available airframes, fuel and crew restraints limit the data collection efforts. Current manned aircraft can provide about 30% on station operating time, which is marginal at best. Automation could easily double that capability while eliminating crew exposure to hazardous environments. Approach – The initial efforts utilized available documentation, direct crew experiences and interviews with the information users in the identification of system-of-systems level functionalities of the proposed solution. As the system level behavior models matured, it became possible to assign specific performance values creating a hierarchical set of requirements that further defined the system and subsystem components. This multidiscipline body of knowledge enabled synthe-sis of the proposed system. Predictions and Results – The application of Mechatronics inspired robotics will enable refinement in severe storm behavior monitoring process by reducing the labor and material costs of environmental surveillance. Additionally, reduced evacuations, based upon the improved weather data, will provide a direct benefit to the public exceeding $2M/mi. per storm (NOAA data). The system level requirements and integrated master schedule are available. Such a system could be operational within 36 months. Conclusions – The day of Mechatronics has arrived. It is time to move forward and enjoy the benefits.

Technical Session 4: Robotics in Healthcare 4.1 Remotely Controlled Herbicide Dispenser to Neutralize Floating Yellow Heart Authors: Omar Abouzahr, Oklahoma State University Peter Ramsdale, Oklahoma State University Jamey Jacob, Oklahoma State University Andrew Cole, Oklahoma State University Taylor Mitchell, Unmanned Systems Research Institute

Victoria Natalie, Unmanned Systems Research Institute

Abstract: Floating Yellow Heart is an invasive plant species that has grown freely in Lake Carl Blackwell outside of Stillwater, Oklahoma. It has been choking out local wildlife and could potentially spread into the drinking water taken from the lake. Since 2019, the Unmanned Systems Research Institute (USRI) and the Environmental Science department at OSU have worked together to effectively fight the Floating Yellow Heart by monitoring its spread and using the herbicide ProcellaCOR. However due to environmental conditions, several areas of the lake were difficult to reach by boat or person. To effectively eliminate the Floating Yellow Heart, the Environmental Science department tasked the USRI to come up with a solution to reach the areas that were not accessible by boat. A solution to this problem was to use an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to dispense the herbicide from the air, as it is not limited by the obstacles in the lake. A DJI M600 was outfitted with a custom-made mount to hold a 3-liter container, a pump, a relay switch, and tubing; the herbicide is dispensed directly beneath the UAV through a nozzle at a rate of 1 liter per minute. The pump is remotely controlled by the operator by providing and cutting off its power. This design was chosen with weight in mind, as the DJI M600 has a maximum payload of 10 lbs. The tubing system ensures that the herbicide being dispensed is not affected by the downwash of the propellers. As of July 15th, 2021, the initial testing phase of the UAV is complete. The next phase will consist of applying the herbicide in the lake at the specific areas.

4.2 A Novel Flexible Mechanical Actuator Serving As An Artificial Muscle Authors: Joel Quarnstrom, Oklahoma State University Abstract: Most linear actuators (screw, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) consist of a stationary housing and a moveable (piston) extension component. In order to keep the piston constrained laterally, and due to other mechanical limitations, the pistons for these systems are incapable of translating more than the distance of the stationary housing. The relative translation distance is limited for those traditional linear actuators. In this study, a novel cable-driven linear actuator is designed that can provide both axial tension and compression forces and be capable of extending to a final length that is over twice its original length. It uses a set of wires arranged in a helix configuration that extends or contracts axially due to a torsional rotation. These wires are constrained from shifting laterally and from buckling when under compression. Prototypes are constructed using mostly 3D printed components, and the relationship between the input torque, output force, and output contraction distance are determined experimentally.

4.3 Design and Control of a Gravity Compensation Mechanism for Human Lower Limb Rehabilitation Authors: Zeki Ilhan, Midwestern State University Noah Inge, Midwestern State University Germiamah Junkere, Midwestern State University Ty Green, Midwestern State University Chad Simeon, Midwestern State University Abstract: The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a simple mechanism as a rehabilitation device for people with lower-limb injuries through mechanisms-nonlinear control design integration. The proposed mechanism combines a basic four bar linkage with an extra link and two tension springs. This concept is inspired from the gravity compensation approach of space research as it provides a reduced weight or even a weightless experience for the suspended person. In this work, the theoretical suspension concept is first refined to allow for a real, practical implementation. The system dynamic model is then extracted using Lagrange's equations in non-conservative form. Next, the proposed Lagrangian dynamic model is incorporated into feedback control design based on the nonlinear, sliding-mode control strategy to drive the links of the mechanism in a systematic way to keep the lifting force constant and robust for different portions of the body weight suspended. The initial performance results towards the controlled mechanism is demonstrated through numerical simulations and animations in MATLAB under a simple impulsive force input scenario. Initial condition errors as well as some parametric uncertainties are also added to test the robustness of the controller. The promising performance results motivate the implementation of the proposed controller in a real system to allow for a medical application. The progress toward manufacturing is discussed along with future work.

4.4 Role of Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) for energy efficiency and improvements Authors:

Hitesh D. Vora

Abstract: Energy efficiency and improvements are directly related to money-saving. The operational costs heavily influence big decisions about manufacturing, production, and maintenance processes in any industrial sector. In fact, out of all, manufacturing sectors consume more 54% energy than any other industry. Since energy consumption majorly contributes to massive operating costs, businesses must cluster round to leverage technologies that help optimize energy efficiency while performing core operations. This infers that, despite frequent changes in energy and fuel cost, industrial sectors will continue to be the largest user of electricity with factories and plants dissipating tons of energy for output management. This is where industrial IoT technology can aid in the conservation of energy and making industry-wide operations more energy efficient. The industrial internet of things (IIoT) refers to the extension and use of the internet of things (IoT) in industrial sectors and applications. With a strong focus on machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, big data, and machine learning, the IIoT enables industries and enterprises to have better efficiency and reliability in their operations. The efforts were made in this presentation to show the applications of IIoT for industrial assessments/audits to improve the energy efficiency and productivity that ultimately reduces cost for the small and medium-sized manufacturing plants.

Technical Session 5: Robotics and Control 5.1 Controlling a Robotic Arm with a Motion Tracking Camera Authors: Jordan Fogg, Oklahoma State University Emory Meursing, Oklahoma State University Huaxia Wang, Oklahoma State University Abstract: Real-time motion tracking has been integrated into this era due to companies such as Oculus and LEAP motion. The purpose of this research project is to develop a motion capture controller that can manipulate a robotic arm. Using a python-based kinematics engine and a U2D2 control board, it is possible to manipulate the PincherX 150 Robot Arm into moving to specific poses. Utilizing a LEAP motion sensor provides hand tracking data that can be processed into numeric data that can be read and used by a user. Combining the U2D2 control board and LEAP motion sensor allows for the acquisition of real-time movement data of a hand which can be translated and scaled via a python script then sent to the internal kinematics engine. The resulting data from the kinematics engine is then sent to the U2D2 control board, allowing the robotic arm to mimic the movements of the hand. The results of this research so far have been as such: the process mentioned above has been successful; the robotic arm has been able to successfully complete movement that can mimic the location of a palm of a hand. As this research continues, the current plan is to improve the success rate of the robotic arm’s movements as well as creating a more fluid movement for the arm.

5.2 Wind-aware Kinodynamic Planning Authors: Mehnaz Sharna, Oklahoma State University Moad Kamal Abuelgasm Abudia, Oklahoma State University Rushikesh Kamalapurkar, Oklahoma State University Abstract: Ensuring safe navigation in the presence of unknown wind for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is critical for applications such as package delivery and rescue missions, especially when flying through cluttered urban environments. Existing methods typically plan trajectories assuming that there is no wind and use a robust inner loop controller to ensure that the path is followed safely in the presence of wind. This paper proposes a method in which a smooth and collision-free path is generated in real-time for a quadrotor while taking wind velocities into account. In this work, given an initial position and goal position along with a set of obstacles, an optimal path is generated using a kino-FMT algorithm (Allen, R. E. and Pavone, M, 2018) with sampled states by solving Optimal Boundary Value Problem (OBVPs), where the wind information affects the cost function minimized in the OBVP. Then, a dynamically feasible trajectory is generated by smoothing the obtained. This approach is demonstrated using a simulated quadrotor as it navigates around an obstacle through a tube in presence of crosswind. Simulation results indicate that the developed method is able to efficiently compute wind-aware paths for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) navigation for different numbers of randomly sampled states.

5.3 State of Health Inclusive Aging Model of Lithium-ion Batteries Authors: Geetika Vennam, Oklahoma State University Avimanyu Sahoo, Oklahoma State University Abstract: State of health (SOH) is a critical indicator in the battery management system (BMS) to evaluate the life expectancy of lithium-ion battery (LIB). The accurate estimation of SOH provides users with the longevity and recommendations on necessary maintenance or replacement of LIBs. Capacity loss has been viewed as one of the suitable metric for SOH indication. However, the SOH is difficult to be estimated in an in situ manner due to battery performance dependence on several aging factors such as temperature, and C-rate which causes irreversible chemical and physical processes inside the battery. Therefore, accurate real-time determination of the SOH is a crucial issue to be addressed to guarantee the reliability and safety of LIBs. In this research, we propose a reduced order SOH-inclusive electric-thermal non-linear aging model for SOH estimation of LIBs. First, the proposed model is developed by integrating a thermal model with the modified equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the battery where output voltage is considered as one of the states of the battery. Then, an emperical Arrhenius capacity loss model varying with C-rate and core temperature is used to represent the SOH dynamics and integrated with the thermal model and modified ECM of the battery. Finally, the reduced order SOH inclusive model is shown to be observable and guarantees the estimation of SOH and other crucial states such as state of charge (SOC), core temperature and surface temperature which embodies the aging dynamics of the battery.

5.4 Dynamic mode decomposition via finite rank approximation of Liouville operators Authors: Moad Abudia, Oklahoma State University Rushikesh Kamalapurkar, Oklahoma State University Abstract: Having accurate models is critical for applications such as forecasting and control design. In recent years, data-driven models have become relevant due to ready availability of data. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a numerical method that uses a data set of trajectories of a dynamical system of unknown structure and produces a formula to predict future trajectories of the unknown system. One approach for developing DMD, and the most common, is to use Koopman operators. The usage of Koopman DMD, depends on the assumption that the system that is being analyzed is either discrete by nature or that it can be discretized for a given fixed time step, which can be circumvented using Liouville operators, the continues time analogs of Koopman operators In this work, two DMD algorithms are developed using Liouville operators. The first uses eigenfunction to approximate the projection of the Liouville operator. The second uses singular value decomposition (SVD) to approximate the projection of the Liouville operator. Both methods are used to reconstruct data for three different experiments, a 2D flow over cylinder, a 3D turbulent flow, and EEG signals. The results show that Eigen function approach is a superior method to approximate the projection of the Liouville operator.

Technical Session 6: Mechatronics Applications II 6.1 The Effectiveness of Mimicking Microgravity Using Rotating Cylinders Authors: Devin Jurko, Oklahoma State University Aaron Alexander, Oklahoma State University Jeremy Sabo, Oklahoma State University Rita Miller, Oklahoma State University Abstract: The effect of microgravity on the growth of various types of organic particles is something that has been a point of interest across many areas of study. In particular, the rotating culture vessel is a very prominent method of inducing such an effect. This research takes an in depth look at the acceleration vectors of yeast particles as they move through this form of simulated microgravity. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the yeast particle movement is simulated in this process to track the acceleration of these particles through different growth phases, as well as to get an exact value for what percentage of gravity each particle is experiencing. This gives more insight on what concentration of particles can be used within the vessel until the effect of microgravity starts to diminish. In higher concentrations, eddies created by neighboring particles may disrupt the path of other particles, causing them to have a change in acceleration. This study of microgravity effects will give a better understanding on this type of simulated microgravity and will help the design of future mechanical and electrical parameters to more accurately mimic microgravity.

6.2 System for Solar Cell Performance Evaluation at Stratospheric Altitudes Authors:

Meghana Fathepure, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, University of Oklahoma Nicco Wang, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Columbia University Daniel Tikalsky, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Alexander Booker, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Oklahoma State University

Jamey Jacob, Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Oklahoma State University Abstract: Endurance has always been a challenge to electric-powered unmanned flight. Solar powered aircraft present a unique solution to this predicament. However, the performance of solar cells at variable altitudes, particularly high altitudes in and near the stratosphere at which long-range aircraft operate, must be explored before confirming the extent to which this strategy is viable. Our team has created a prototype system that houses solar cells, ambient light sensors, and an onboard module that tracks location and altitude to record the operational voltages of solar cells at a range of altitudes while ascending as the payload of a weather balloon. The inclusion of a mechanical yaw control element would further improve the scope and accuracy of the data not only by stabilizing the cell housing, but by allowing data collection on the performance of each cell given different defined orientations with respect to the sun, including the direction and angle that maximizes efficiency.

ContactsGeneral Conference Chair

Dr. Avimanyu [email protected]

CommitteeDr. Young Chang

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Dr. Chulho [email protected]

General InquiryConference Questions

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Registration AssistantBonnie Kaiser-Gambill

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