Coasts · 2020-05-31 · Instructions • You must use your booklet to begin to learn about the subject of coasts. • You can work on this topic in one of three ways: 1. You can

Instructions

• You must use your booklet to begin to learn about the subject of coasts.

• You can work on this topic in one of three ways:1. You can work on the document electronically.2. You can print it out and write in the answers.3. You can write your answers on paper.

• There are video clips you need to watch to help you with some of the activities.

• Remember you can email your teacher for help and support if there are any issues with your Geography work.

Coasts

Why are Coasts Important?

They attract tourists.

A round 1 billion of the population live on or near coastal areas.

Coastal areas provide flat land for industry.

Coastal areas provide transport routes to other countries.

Access to the sea is vital for fishing and oil industries.

Provide delicate areas for wildlife to thrive

A coast is an area of land that is adjoining or next to the sea.

Coasts are multi-use areas because they have various

____________ uses.

They provide ___________ use, as more than 1 billion people

live along coastlines. Coasts also have space for___________ as

well as ____________use for___________.

different residential

industryrecreational tourists

Write out the following statement filling in the gaps using the words underneath.

Coasts Mindmap

Coasts

What human features are at the

coast?

What economic activities happen at the coast?

What are the name of some coastal resorts in the UK?

What are the physical features

at the coast?

What do coasts look like?

Coasts Facts and Figures

Create a coasts mind map using the six headings/questions in the diagram above to help. Feel free to use diagrams, maps and photographs. Use colour, think about the layout and design and be as creative as you can.

European Coastlines

Which country has the longest coastline in Europe? ________________Which country has the shortest coastline in Europe? ________________Name three countries in Europe with no coastline._______________ _________________ __________________Name four countries with a coast on the Mediterranean Sea._____________ ______________ ______________ ______________Name two countries that have coastlines on two different seas or oceans. ________________ ________________Name a country that has a coastline with a coast on three seas or oceans. ________________

Waves (Watch the video clip below)

How do waves form? Waves are formed by the wind blowing across the surface of the sea, creating friction. This friction across the surface of the water created small ripples, which develop into waves.

The strength and size of a wave depends on three elements:1.__________________________________________________________2.__________________________________________________________3.__________________________________________________________

These terms and definitions are all mixed up. Correctly rearrange them.

https://timeforgeography.co.uk/videos_list/coasts/types-waves/

Fetch A wave with a stronger backwash than swash that

erodes materials from the beach, destroying it.

Beach The backward movement of water from a wave that

moves back into the sea after it has broken.

Swash A wave with a stronger swash than backwash that

deposits material on the beach, building it up.

Backwash A deposit of sand, pebbles and or shingle at the coast.

Constructive Wave The forward movement of a wave the beach.

Destructive Wave The distance over which a wave travels.

Draw two labelled diagrams showing Constructive and Destructive Waves

Constructive Waves Destructive Waves

We will now look at the three key processes that affect the coast. They are Erosion, Transportation and Deposition.

Coastal Processes (Watch the video clip below)

Erosion is the wearing away of rock along the coastline. Destructive waves are responsible for erosion on the coastline. There are four types of erosion. Two processes involve the sea water itself and two involve the rocks in the sea from the coast.

If you working on paper write out the definition above and then for each type of erosion fill in the gaps and draw a simple diagram/cartoon to show the process.

https://timeforgeography.co.uk/videos_list/coasts/marine-erosion-processes/

Types of Erosion

Erosion Involving the Sea Water Erosion Involving Rocks

Hydraulic action - this is the sheer __________ of the __________ as they smash against the ___________. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the ____________ and causes the rock to break apart

Abrasion - this is when _____________ grind along a rock platform, much like sandpaper. Over time the _________ becomes _____________.

rock waves cliff power smooth rock pebbles

Solution - this is when sea water _____________certain types of rocks. In the UK, chalk and _______________cliffs are prone to this type of ___________.

Attrition - this is when rocks that the sea is ___________ ________ against each other. They _____________ apart to become _____________ and more rounded.

limestone dissolves erosion smaller carrying break knock

Factors Affecting the Rate or Speed of ErosionExplain how each of these factors may affect erosion.

1. Rock Type ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Wave Energy/Strength ____________________________________________________________________

3. Is there a beach _________________________________________________________________________

4. People _________________________________________________________________________________

Erosion

Coastal Processes

If you working on paper write out the definition of transportation and study the diagram above and match the term with the correct head and tail.

Transportation

TERM HEAD TAIL

Solution Large pebbles and boulders are is bounced along the sea floor.

Suspension Beach material is dissolved and carried by the

water.

Saltation Beach material is rolled along the sea floor.

Traction Material is suspended and carried by the

water.

Coastal Transportation - Transportation is the movement of material in the sea and along the coast by waves.

Longshore DriftSediment is carried by the waves along the coastline. The movement of the material is known as longshore drift. Waves approach the coast at an angle because of the direction of prevailing wind. The swash will carry the material towards the beach at an angle. The backwash then flows back to the sea, down the slope of the beach. The process repeats itself along the coast in the zigzag movement.

Draw a labelled diagram to show how longshore drift works or create a PowerPoint slide to explain it.

Longshore Drift video https://youtu.be/U9EhVa4MmEs

Coastal Processes

DepositionWhen the sea loses energy, it drops the material it has been carrying. This is known as deposition. Deposition can occur on coastlines that have constructive waves.

Factors leading to deposition include:waves starting to slow down and lose energyshallow watersheltered areas, e.g. bayslittle or no wind

Below are four examples of features created at the coast by deposition. Try to do some research and name the feature shown in the photograph.

Deposition

Deposition is the dropping of …………………………. . Deposition is when material being ……………..…………. by the

sea water is ……………….……. on the coast. ……………….………. are built up when the ……………….………. of

deposition is greater than the amount of …………………………. . The amount of material that is ……………….……….

on an area

of the coast is increased when:

There is a lot of erosion elsewhere on the coast, so there is a lot of material available

There is a lot of ………………. of material into the area.

………………. energy waves (i.e. slow waves) carry material to the coast

but they are not ………………. enough to take a lot of material away – this means there is a lot of ……………….

and very little ………………..

material dropped erosion transportation amount coasts deposition strong deposited carried erosion low

After reading the information above fill in the gap fill below using the words in the blue box.

Coastal Processes

ATTRITION, CURRENTS, DENUDATION, DEPOSITION,

EROSION, FLOODING, LONGSHORE DRIFT, SALTATION, SEA LEVEL

CHANGE, SEDIMENTATION, TIDES, WAVES, WEATHERING

Coastal Processes - The physical and human forces that work in together to form and transform the coastline.

Coastal Features

Bay, Cape, Cove, Gulf, Headland, Peninsula, Cliff, Arch, Cave, Stack,

Stump, Beach, Dunes, Mudflat, Spit, Lagoon, Salt marsh, Fjord,

Island, Tombolo

Coastal Features - These are the landscapes, shapes, patterns, and ecosystems that are created by the Coastal Processes.