Freshwater supply: the subsurface to the rescue Adaptation Futures, Rotterdam May 11, 2016 K.G. Zuurbier SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
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Freshwater supply: the
subsurface to the rescue
Adaptation Futures, Rotterdam
May 11, 2016
K.G. Zuurbier
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Introduction
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
General problem
• Freshwater shortage
Introduction
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
General problem
• Mismatch freshwater availability and demand
– Coastal areas worldwide: freshwater shortageand salinization!
• NL: especially irrigation water shortage
• NL: mismatch may increase
• Traditionally: expensive aboveground solutions (storage) or unsustainable solutions (desalination)
Introduction
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Introduction
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Subsurface has advantages though…
• Large capacity, protection, not claiming aboveground surface area
• For example: groundwater abstractions and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) via wells
• Ecosystem service
Introduction
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Introduction
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
How can dedicated hydrogeological solutions in the subsurface contribute to future
climate adaptation?
Subsurface Water Solutions (SWS)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Subsurface Water Solutions (SWS)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Dedicated hydrogeological concepts to enlarge, protect, and abstract freshwater in the subsurface
SUBSOL objective: establish a market breakthrough of subsurface water solutions as robust,
effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient answers to the freshwater challenges in coastal areas worldwide.
SUBSOL project
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
SUBSOL objective: establish a market breakthrough of subsurface water solutions as robust,
effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient answers to the freshwater challenges in coastal areas worldwide.
SUBSOL project
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
real-scale demonstration of long term viability
residual risk linked to scaling-up
market replication of near-market water solutions
Social, institutional, economic and governance
aspectsstandardisation and
regulatory issues untapped potential of ICT
market assessment and business plan
WP1
WP2
WP3
WP4
Subsurface Water Solutions (SWS)
• Freshkeeper – Prevent saltwater
intrusion into freshwater wells
• ASR Coastal – Enable
freshwater storage in brackish aquifers
• Freshmaker – Enlarge natural freshwater lenses
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Three examples (reference sites):
Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
s.w. interface
..and this is what we need for that:
1. Long term testing at the pilot reference site, to gain confidence in concept and technique
2. A regional hydrological study, to predict full scale effects on nearby well fields
3. Support from all stakeholders, including authorities
4. Full scale technological design and business case
Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Vitens goal is to go full scale in near future…
Example 1: Freshkeeper (Noardburgum)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Example 2: Freshmaker (Ovezande)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Example 2: Freshmaker (Ovezande)
Example 2: Freshmaker (Ovezande)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Pre-treatment / clogging
Maximalstorage
Improve well design + installation
Efficientinterception
Quality recoveredwater
ICT
Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Combination with RO to recover
100% of the infiltrated water and neutralize concentrate injection
Example 3: ASR-Coastal (Westland/Nootdorp)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Improved testing / resilience
automated central controlling unit
Freshkeeper
RO
Concentratedisposal
Online operationalDashboard
• Reference sites (WP1)
• Noardburgum (NL)
• Ovezande (NL)
• Nootdorp/Westland (NL)
Replication sites (WP2)
• Falster Island (DK)
• Schinias (GR)
• Dinteloord (NL)
• Venice (US)
SUBSOL project design
Pilots and market scans
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
SUBSOL Market Replications
Objective: demonstrate the robustness of SWS and their
applicability under different environmental and societal
conditions
• different hydrogeological settings• for different end-users• under different policy and regulatory frameworks
This will increase confidence in the SWS, and will provide
important knowledge on its market potentials and
constraints.
Market Replications
T2.1 Falster Island (DK)T2.1 Falster Island (DK)
T2.2 Schinias (GR)T2.2 Schinias (GR)
T2.4 Dinteloord (NL)T2.4 Dinteloord (NL)
T2.3 Venice (FL)T2.3 Venice (FL)
The Island of Falster, Denmark:
Salt water intrusion
Island of
Falster
Salt water intrusion from Baltic Sea
and marine sediments
Denmark
Sweden
Germany Poland
Baltic Sea /
salinity
~ 10 %o
Photo from ferry between Denmark and Germany, August 2006, Foto: Klaus Hinsby
Dinteloord, NL: effluent re-use for irrigation
Nieuw Prinsenland greenhouse area:
• New type of source water for ASR in the Netherlands (recycled waste water effluent)
• Turning temporal waste from the industry (sugar factory)
into an (long-term) available water resource for
horticulture
• New area for ASR in the Netherlands, no systems situated
nearby
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Cycle testing:
- Clay dispersion/ Aquifer clogging?
- Cation exchange
Modelling
- Forecasts- Upscaling
- Costs- Benefits
Urban Waterbuffer
• Prevent pluvial flooding
• Supply freshwater for ponds, irrigation, greywater, drinking water
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Urban Waterbuffer
• Prevent pluvial flooding
• Supply freshwater for ponds, irrigation, greywater, drinking water
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Booth: VPDelta
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
How can dedicated hydrogeological solutions in the subsurface contribute to future
climate adaptation?
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
1. Select your site carefully
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
1. Select your site carefully
2. Increase flexibility!
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
1. Select your site carefully
2. Increase flexibility!
3. Take reactive transport into account
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
1. Select your site carefully
2. Increase flexibility!
3. Take reactive transport into account
4. Consider horizontal wells
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
1. Select your site carefully
2. Increase flexibility!
3. Take reactive transport into account
4. Consider horizontal wells
5. Benefit from ICT
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
1. Select your site carefully
2. Increase flexibility!
3. Take reactive transport into account
4. Consider horizontal wells
5. Benefit from ICT
6. But be careful while perforating!
Summary
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Lessons learned now:
1. Select your site carefully
2. Increase flexibility!
3. Take reactive transport into account
4. Consider horizontal wells
5. Benefit from ICT
6. But be careful while perforating!
To learn:
• Stakeholder participation in SWS
• Market scans
• Regulation
• Life cycle analysis
Freshwater supply: the
subsurface to the rescue
More info:
www.subsol.org
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
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