Department of Environmental Quality 2016 NASA Program September 20, 2016 Elliot Tardif
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Department of Environmental Quality
2016 NASA Program September 20, 2016
Elliot Tardif
Presentation Outline
• PAST • Clean Air Act Amendments, State Rules, Court Cases and the evolution of
North Carolina Air Quality.
• PRESENT • Electric Generating Unit shutdowns, Attainment of Air Quality Standards and
State Rule Streamlining
• FUTURE • Pollution transport to other states, Clean Power Plan, Tier 3 engine and fuel
standards and Regional Haze Rule compliance
2
3
About NC
4
5
6
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8
Past
PAST
• North Carolina had very polluted air into the 1990’s
• State was facing many nonattainment areas for both ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
• Growing concern over impacts of pollution on the mountains
• Two North Carolina counties with highest toxic releases in the country.
9
PAST
• State and Federal measures implemented to reduce pollution.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency enacted the NOx SIP Call in 1998.
• First effort to reduce point-source NOx on a regional scale.
10
From: https://archive.epa.gov/ttn/ozone/web/pdf/otagfs.pdf
PAST
• State and Federal measures implemented to reduce pollution.
• State of NC changed & expanded vehicle Inspection and Maintenance program.
• From idle tailpipe test to On Board Diagnostic program.
• From 9 counties to 48 counties. • Phased in spatially from 2002 to
2006.
11
PAST
• State and Federal measures implemented to reduce pollution.
• State of NC implemented the Clean Smokestacks Act in 2002.
• Set a statewide cap of NOx and SO2 emissions from coal-fired Electric Generating Units (EGUs).
• Reduce NOx emissions from 245,000 tpy in 1998 to: 60,000 tpy by 2007 (76% reduction), 56,000 tpy by 2009 (78% reduction).
• Reduce SO2 emissions from 489,000 tpy in 1998 to: 250,000 tpy by 2009 (49% reduction), 130,000 tpy by 2013 (74% reduction).
12
PAST
• State and Federal measures implemented to reduce pollution.
• North Carolina sued Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 2006.
• Ozone & ozone precursor transport from TVA facilities constitute a “public nuisance.”
• TVA, EPA and NC settled suit via consent decree in 2011.
• Reduce NOx emissions by over 50,000 tpy by 2018.
• Reduce SO2 emissions by 175,000 tpy by 2018.
13 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6417740
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Present
PRESENT
• North Carolina currently attains all NAAQS for the first time in over 20 years.
15
PRESENT
• Better-than-expected NOx and SO2 reductions resulting from the Clean Smokestacks Act
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PRESENT
• Better-than-expected NOx and SO2 reductions resulting from the Clean Smokestacks Act
• Many electric facilities converting from coal to natural gas.
• Older, inefficient coal plants shut down.
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Jan. 2014
PRESENT
• Semi-anticipated CSA consequences • Compliance with new federal Mercury
Air Toxics Rule. • Compliance with Ozone Transport Rule
(CSAPR). • Compliance with Regional Haze rule.
• Mountain sites well ahead of targets.
• Lower cost and longer time window for utilities to implement under CSA than under federal rules.
• Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. • Public health benefits documented in
peer-reviewed journal papers.
18
Jan. 2014
PRESENT
• Streamlining state rules • Redundant to federal rules. • Don’t achieve intended environmental benefit. • Needlessly cost money.
• Gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) rules • Rule was initially enacted to reduce VOC
emissions, NOx reductions negligible. • EPA approved NC’s proposal to remove RVP
rules in greater Winston-Salem, Raleigh, then Charlotte areas.
• Uniform fuel standards statewide, saves NC motorists millions of dollars per year.
19
http://www.wral.com/nc-denr-triangle-triad-motorists-saved-about-18m-in-gas-costs-this-summer/14034049/
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Future
FUTURE
• Federal Tier 3 fuel and engine standards for vehicles to be enacted nationwide in 2017.
• Reduce light-duty vehicle tailpipe emissions standards by 80% compared to existing Tier 2 fuel and engine standards.
• Reduce SO2 emissions by 56% starting in 2017.
• Reduce mobile NOx emissions by 10% by 2018, 25% by 2030.
21
https://www3.epa.gov/otaq/images/tier3.pdf
FUTURE
• Clean Power Plan • Proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015 • Reduce CO2 emissions nationwide.
• State-specific CO2 emissions targets by 2030.
• Promptly litigated by 27 states and private industry groups.
• North Carolina concerned that the Clean Power Plan does not account for CO2 emissions reductions already enacted under the CSA.
22
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/fs-cpp-overview.pdf
FUTURE
• Updated Ozone Transport Rule • Current Ozone Transport Rule based on the
2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS. • Future year: 2017.
• Future Ozone Transport Rule will be based on the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
• Future year: 2023. • NC received appropriate outcome in latest
modeling results. • Concerns remain with some technical details
of the modeling analysis.
23
https://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/final-cross-state-air-pollution-rule-update-benefits-information-and-maps
FUTURE
• Regional Haze Rule • Next 10-year planning cycle coming up
• 2018-2028. • North Carolina’s mountain sites are well ahead of
visibility targets for 2028. • Swanquarter National Wildlife Refuge, on North
Carolina’s coast, is ahead of 2018 visibility targets but not yet ahead of 2028.
• Where do the emissions reductions come from?
24
https://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/final-cross-state-air-pollution-rule-update-benefits-information-and-maps
QUESTIONS?
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Elliot Tardif, Meteorologist Division of Air Quality 919-707-8483 [email protected] http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/air-quality
Department of Environmental Quality
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