2016-09-22 Multimodal Transportation and Logistics Definition Multimodal transportation comprises establishment primarily engaged in transporting passengers and goods, warehousing and storing goods, and providing services to these establishments. The modes of transportation are ground transportation (trucking, transit and ground passenger), rail, water, air and pipeline. These are further subdivided according to the way in which businesses in each mode organize their establishments. National post offices and courier establishments, which also transport goods, are included in this sector. Warehousing and storage establishments are subdivided according to the type of service and facility that is operated. Many of the establishments in this sector are structured as networks, with activities, workers, and physical facilities distributed over an extensive geographic area through logistics operations. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the flow and storage of goods and services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Supply chain management provides supervision and direction for the various parts of the distribution system including production scheduling and inventory control, transportation, warehousing, wholesaling, retailing and brokerage (Statistics Canada, 2012). Overview of the Industry Within Durham Region multimodal transportation and logistics has emerged as a developing and notable sector. The City of Oshawa has seen a 9.9% growth in the labour force since 2006 (City of Oshawa, 2013). Since 2006, Durham Region has continued to see higher growth than other regions within Canada (City of Oshawa, 2013). Water, rail, air and ground transportation play a major role in facilitating the development and expansion of the multimodal transportation and logistics industry within the Region. This industry has established itself as an industry with extensive potential for growth and development. There has been a shift towards innovative techniques in order to keep up with the global chain of supply and demand, in addition to other international competitive markets. This change has allowed the multimodal transportation and logistic sector to rapidly develop in order to meet the needs of the diversifying global population. Transportation and transit developments continues to drive construction in order to facilitate improvements required for the growing population (Town of Ajax, 2010). Durham Region is located along major transportation corridors for rail, water, ground and air transportation, which continues to attract major transportation and logistics centres into the Region. Durham Region currently serves as the location for many distribution and operational centres, with continued room for expansion. Access to land and proximity to major highways and trade routes makes Durham Region an ideal location to establish corporate bases involved in a variety of industries such as manufacturing, distribution and warehousing. The sector continues to thrive and expand due to the dependence of multiple industries. This sector continues to offer support services to other sectors, by strengthening local industries. Through recent investment by the provincial government, Durham Region has directly benefitted from additional
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2016-09-22
Multimodal Transportation and Logistics
Definition Multimodal transportation comprises establishment primarily engaged in transporting passengers and
goods, warehousing and storing goods, and providing services to these establishments. The modes of
transportation are ground transportation (trucking, transit and ground passenger), rail, water, air and
pipeline. These are further subdivided according to the way in which businesses in each mode organize
their establishments. National post offices and courier establishments, which also transport goods, are
included in this sector. Warehousing and storage establishments are subdivided according to the type of
service and facility that is operated. Many of the establishments in this sector are structured as
networks, with activities, workers, and physical facilities distributed over an extensive geographic area
through logistics operations. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the flow
and storage of goods and services and related information from the point of origin to the point of
consumption. Supply chain management provides supervision and direction for the various parts of the
distribution system including production scheduling and inventory control, transportation, warehousing,
wholesaling, retailing and brokerage (Statistics Canada, 2012).
Overview of the Industry Within Durham Region multimodal transportation and logistics has emerged as a developing and
notable sector. The City of Oshawa has seen a 9.9% growth in the labour force since 2006 (City of
Oshawa, 2013). Since 2006, Durham Region has continued to see higher growth than other regions
within Canada (City of Oshawa, 2013). Water, rail, air and ground transportation play a major role in
facilitating the development and expansion of the multimodal transportation and logistics industry
within the Region. This industry has established itself as an industry with extensive potential for growth
and development. There has been a shift towards innovative techniques in order to keep up with the
global chain of supply and demand, in addition to other international competitive markets. This change
has allowed the multimodal transportation and logistic sector to rapidly develop in order to meet the
needs of the diversifying global population. Transportation and transit developments continues to drive
construction in order to facilitate improvements required for the growing population (Town of Ajax,
2010).
Durham Region is located along major transportation corridors for rail, water, ground and air
transportation, which continues to attract major transportation and logistics centres into the Region.
Durham Region currently serves as the location for many distribution and operational centres, with
continued room for expansion. Access to land and proximity to major highways and trade routes makes
Durham Region an ideal location to establish corporate bases involved in a variety of industries such as
manufacturing, distribution and warehousing.
The sector continues to thrive and expand due to the dependence of multiple industries. This sector
continues to offer support services to other sectors, by strengthening local industries. Through recent
investment by the provincial government, Durham Region has directly benefitted from additional
expansions and developments, such as the expansion of the Highway 407 from Brock Road in Pickering
to Highway 115/35 and the creation of the Metrolinx East Rail Maintenance Facility. The provincial
government also continues to invest in the multimodal transportation and logistics sector through
programs within research and development (R&D), through tax incentive programs for large and small
businesses, wage subsidies and apprenticeship training tax credits (City of Oshawa, 2014). The location
of post-secondary institutions such as Durham College and the University of Ontario Institute of
Technology within Durham Region continues to establish and develop an innovative and skilled
workforce through state-of-the-art and advanced undergraduate and graduate programs.
Air: Durham Region is the location of the Oshawa Municipal Airport, an executive airport situated on
484 acres of land located in Oshawa. The Oshawa Municipal Airport is the only full-service commercial
and general aviation facility in Durham Region; it contains Canada Customs for freight and passenger
clearance (City of Oshawa Economic Development Services, 2015). With 2 runways, this airport serves as
a hub for small air crafts, flight academies and over 300,000 square feet of warehousing hangar space.
Currently, new technology companies such as Optech have been investing new manufacturing,
development and support for aircraft operations (City of Oshawa, 2014). The Oshawa Municipal Airport
facilitates the transportation of goods and services within this sector, as it allows access to domestic
trade and transportation routes via air.
Roads: Durham Region is the eastern gateway to the Greater Toronto Area. Durham Region is located
along major ground transportation routes such as Highways 401 and 407. The expansion of Highway 407
from Brock Road in Pickering to Highway 115/35 in Clarington is an example of expansion to
accommodate the growth within the Region (Municipality of Clarington Planning Services Department,
2010). With these expansions comes the creation of jobs within the industry. This expansion also links
two north/south interchanges with Highway 401, making this key trade route more accessible. The 401
serves as the main connection for the Quebec-Windsor corridor. It also links vital trades routes from
Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Ontario and the U.S. (Transportation Research Board, 2012). The major
roadways located in Durham Region are crucial to Trans-Canada and North American trade and general
goods movement. Many warehousing, distribution and logistics centres are located in Durham due to
the proximity of major routes, which further contribute to the success of the sector.
Ports/Sea: Durham Region is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Port of Oshawa is the only port
located within Durham Region. This deep-sea port that can handle large ships and serves as an access
point to global markets through the St. Lawrence Seaway. This port handles approximately $23 million
worth of cargo annually and is located 2 kilometres from the Highway 401, this makes the port location
ideal from importing and exporting goods (Port of Oshawa, 2016). Over 378 thousand metric tonnes of
cargo was moved through the Port of Oshawa in 2015 (Port of Oshawa 2016)). Steel is the leading
import due to the rise in construction and development within the GTA (Port of Oshawa, 2016). The
refurbishment of Darlington Nuclear Plant will also increase in volume of cargo shipped and received
through the port. Business through the Port of Oshawa has continued to develop and expand making it
central to the development of the multimodal transportation and logistics sector in Durham Region
(Port of Oshawa, 2016). The Port of Oshawa facilitates trade that link Ontario to Quebec, Atlantic
provinces, Great Lakes and international trade routes. In 2015, a rail spur was opened to facilitate year-
round trade at the Port of Oshawa to allow easier intermodal transportation and access to trader routes.
Freight Rail: Many freight rail routes are located throughout Durham Region. Canadian Pacific Railway’s
main line runs through Durham Region, connecting the Windsor-Montreal corridor and the Canadian
Atlantic-Pacific trade route. It is a transcontinental railway with direct links to eight major ports and key
markets, both nationally and internationally. The Canadian National Railway is the largest rail network in
Canada and also passes through Durham Region. It links Canada with international trade partners
through 20,600 route miles of tracks. The development of the rail spur at the Port of Oshawa has further
cemented the importance and necessity of freight rail transportation in order to continue to grow the
local economy.
Commuter Rail: Durham Region is located along central GO Transit and Via Rail routes. These routes are
integral to the everyday commute of individuals within the Region. Currently, Metrolinx has established
a new rail maintenance facility located in Whitby, slated for completion in 2017. This new East Rail
Maintenance Facility will be approximately 500,000 square feet and employ hundreds of skilled workers.
This expansion is strategic and essential to the development of Metrolinx’s planned service expansions.
Metrolinx is currently establishing a GO Train Lakeshore East extension through central Oshawa to
Bowmanville, with four new stations (Municipality of Clarington, 2016). This extension will create 21,000
permanent new jobs and 6,000 residential houses in walking distance of the four new stations
(Municipality of Clarington, 2016). This expansion will be key to the economic development of the
Region, through the creation of employment opportunities and facilitating travel within and outside of
the Region. Via Rail is a key form of commuter transportation within Durham Region. Routes that pass
through Durham link the Quebec City-Windsor corridor by commuter rail, in addition to other
destinations across Canada.
Pipeline: Durham Region is located along Enbridge’s Line 9 Pipeline, one of Canada’s most vital
pipelines, which stretches from Sarnia to Montreal. Also proposed is TransCanada’s Eastern mainline
Project Pipeline, which will include a new natural gas pipeline and new compression facilities to the
existing mainline. The proposed pipeline would run in or adjacent to the Highway 407 extension or
adjacent to the existing hydro corridor (TransCanada, 2015).
Transit: Durham Region Transit continues to expand and develop additional service and new routes.
With Durham Region Transit launching a new fleet of bus rapid transit, service is continuing to improve
and expanding to meet the needs of individuals within the Durham Region (City of Oshawa Economic
Development Services, 2015). Currently, DRT provides service to 10 million riders each year and is
constantly expanding its high frequency service.
The Durham Workforce Authority has established the multimodal transportation and logistics industry
as a Subject Matter Working Group because there is great potential in developing new partnerships with
major transportation organizations within the Region. All industries rely on transportation and logistics
networks in order to deliver rapid, integrated, and secure solutions to leverage global supply chains,
which ensure that the sector will continue to grow.
Sample of Local Employers City of Pickering Aspect Retail Logistics, Two-Way Transportation, The Shandex Group
Town of Ajax Atlas Logistics, Muirs Cartage, Sounds Distribution, Loblaw Companies Ltd., Logistics in Motion Inc., UPS*, FedEx
Town of Whitby Sobeys, Liquor Control Board of Ontario, Bowden Transport, Promotional Products Fulfillment and Distribution Ltd., Cam-Scott Transport Ltd., Laidlaw Transit Ltd., BMW Parts Distribution Centre, Ball Packaging, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, McNairn Packaging, Sony, Taylor Made Logistics
City of Oshawa Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway, Metrolinx*, VIA Rail Canada, Port of Oshawa, Oshawa Stevedoring, Aerographic, Air Express Ontario, Durham Flight Centre, Aviation Unlimited, Fresh Del Monte, Canada Post*, Minacs, Pival International, Caltrans Logistics Inc., Canada Cartage, Mackie Group, Durham Region Transit
Municipality of Clarington
Hutton Transport Ltd., First Student Canada, GTA Logistics, GTA Transportation Group Limited, Phoenix Transportation, Macton Express Ltd., Preston Transport Ltd., Maximum Logistics
Township of Scugog Cordal Transportation Inc., Port Perry Moving & Storage
Township of Brock Stock Transportation Ltd., Thaxter Transport
Township of Uxbridge Adams Distribution Centre Inc., First Service Logistics Inc.
*Multiple locations in Durham Region
Canadian Business Counts – Durham Region Data within the Canadian Business Counts table represents counts of active businesses by industry
classification and employment-size categories for Canada and the provinces and territories. The counts
are compiled from the Business Register, Statistics Canada's central listing of Canadian businesses. The
table below represents a sampling of active businesses as of December 2015 within the Durham Region
in the multimodal transportation and logistics industry. Sourced from Statistics Canada, 2015.
*In accordance with the Freedom of Information and Privacy Protection Act data for programs with
fewer than five graduates are not published
Industry Overview (NAICS) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada,
Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common
definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three
economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for
the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.
NAICS is a comprehensive system encompassing all economic activities. It has a hierarchical structure and is composed of sectors (two-digit
codes), subsectors (three-digit codes), industry groups (four-digit codes), and industries (five-digit codes). At the highest level, it divides the
economy into 20 sectors. At lower levels, it further distinguishes the different economic activities in which businesses are engaged.
NAICS Code Description Jobs in Durham Region (POW)
Durham Region
Residents Employed
(POR)
Total - Class
of Worker
Employee Self-Employed
#2
Self-Employed
Median Wages
and Salaries (POR)
Average Wages
and Salaries (POR)
Median Wages
and Salaries (POW)
Average Wages
and Salaries (POW)
411 Farm product wholesaler-distributors
$35,838 $48,788 $24,909 $41,330
4111 Farm product wholesaler-distributors
35 55 55 50 0 0
412 Petroleum product wholesaler-distributors
$61,053 $112,958 $57,131 $102,473
4121 Petroleum product wholesaler-distributors
140 120 125 100 25 30
413 Food, beverage and tobacco wholesaler-distributors
4851 Urban transit systems 395 2060 2,585 2,585 0 0
4852 Interurban and rural bus transportation
30 50 65 65 0 0
4853 Taxi and limousine service 200 200 460 255 205 210
4854 School and employee bus transportation
515 545 835 830 0 0
4855 Charter bus industry 20 45 55 55 0 0
4859 Other transit and ground passenger transportation
65 55 60 60 0 0
486 Pipeline transportation
0 0 0 0
4861 Pipeline transportation of crude oil
0 0 0 0 0 0
4862 Pipeline transportation of natural gas
0 0 0 0 0 0
4869 Other pipeline transportation 0 0 0 0 0 0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
0 0 0 0
4871 Scenic and sightseeing transportation, land
0 0 0 0 0 0
4872 Scenic and sightseeing transportation, water
0 0 10 10 0 0
4879 Scenic and sightseeing transportation, other
0 0 0 0 0 0
488 Support activities for transportation
$46,359 $51,248 $42,114 46,779
4881 Support activities for air transportation
60 205 215 210 0 0
4882 Support activities for rail transportation
30 135 180 175 0 0
4883 Support activities for water transportation
20 25 45 35 0 0
4884 Support activities for road transportation
105 150 285 225 55 60
4885 Freight transportation arrangement
445 635 725 670 55 50
4889 Other support activities for transportation
70 115 145 135 0 0
491 Postal service
$54,783 $47,629 $49,984 43,908
4911 Postal service 705 1345 1,575 1,535 40 40
492 Couriers and messengers
$39,693 $39,677 $28,276 31,121
4921 Couriers 295 695 875 760 120 105
4922 Local messengers and local delivery
20 90 200 150 50 50
493 Warehousing and storage
$36,329 $36,911 $36,060 37,718
4931 Warehousing and storage 1130 1520 1,585 1,590 0 0
* Self-Employed #2 includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included
among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.
Industry Overview (NOC) The NOC system is based on categorizing occupations by their evaluated skill level and skill type. Each NOC code consists of four digits. The first
digit denotes the occupation's skill type; the second denotes the occupation's skill level. Combined, these two digits define the NOC "Major
Group" for all occupations with the same skill level and skill type. The final two digits are employed to narrow, or "drill down", to a specific
occupational group. The third digit, combined with the "Major Group", defines the "Minor Group". The fourth digit identifies even further the
specific occupation within the "Minor Group", referred to as the NOC "Unit Group". The NOC is a standard that classifies and describes
occupations in the Canadian economy. It is the foundation for occupational statistics and labour market information. Sourced from the Ministry
of Advanced Education and Skills Development, 2016).
Workforce Age Breakdown Charts The following charts were tabulated from data sets custom purchased by the Durham Workforce Authority from Statistics Canada 2011.
Workforce Age Breakdown - Multimodal Transportation and Logistics, Selected Occupations(4-Digit NOC)Place of Work
15 - 24 years 25 - 44 years 45 - 64 years 65+ years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1513 -Couriers,
messengers anddoor-to-doordistributors
1521 -Shippers and
receivers
1523 -Production logistics
co-ordinators
7321 -Automotive servicetechnicians, truck
and bus mechanicsand mechanical
repairers
7511 -Transport truck
drivers
7512 - Busdrivers, subway
operators and othertransit operators
7513 - Taxiand limousine
drivers andchauffeurs
7514 -Delivery and courier
service drivers
Workforce Age Breakdown - Multimodal Transportation and Logistics, Selected Occupations(4-Digit NOC)
Place of Residence
15 - 24 years 25 - 44 years 45 - 64 years 65+ years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Workforce Age Breakdown - Multimodal Transportation and Logistics, Selected Industries(3-Digit NAICS)Place of Work
15 - 24 years 25 - 44 years 45 - 64 years 65+ years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Workforce Age Breakdown - Multimodal Transportation and Logistics, Selected Industries(3-Digit NAICS)
Place of Residence
15 - 24 years 25 - 44 years 45 - 64 years 65+ years
Comparison Charts The charts below demonstrate the distribution of occupational categories by multimodal transportation and logistics sub-industry, comparing
Durham, Toronto and Ontario. Sourced from Statistics Canada 2011.
484 - TruckTransportation
485 - Transit and GroundPassenger Transportation
491 - Postal Service493 - Warehousing and
Storage
7 - Trades, transport and equipment operators andrelated occupations
71% 79% 8% 54%
6 - Sales and service occupations 3% 3% 4% 12%
4 - Occupations in education, law and social, communityand government services