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VET3063ELECTRICITY and
ELECTRONICS
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2
Introduce Yourself
Where are you from?
What experience do you have in
electronics? What is interesting about
yourself?
What do you want to learn in thisclass?
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Test (1 hour) 10%
Quiz (4 times) 10%
Lab work (min: 4 exp) 20%
Mini Project (10 weeks) 20%
Final Exam (2 hours) 40%
COURSE EVALUATION
RI
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/RI%20ELEKTRIK%20ELEKTRONIK%20SEMESTER%202%2020122013.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/RK%20&%20RI/RI-TFE2023-sem1-10-11.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/RI%20ELEKTRIK%20ELEKTRONIK%20SEMESTER%202%2020122013.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/RK%20&%20RI/RI-TFE2023-sem1-10-11.doc8/11/2019 20140912140912 w 1 Introduction
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ELECTRICITY and ELECTRONICS
- BASIC PRINCIPLES -
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Dr. Van de Graaff
(MIT Professor)
designed and built
this generator as a
research tool in early
atom-smashing and
high energy X-rayexperiments.
This is the standard
of excellence weshould aspire to.
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After completing this lecture you should be able to:
2. Define the basic electrical terms.
1. Describe the different between electrical and
electronics terms.
3. Define insulator, conductor and semiconductor.
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Scientific NotationPrefix Symbol Decimal Power of Ten
tera T 1,000,000,000,000 1012
giga G 1,000,000,000 109
mega M 1,000,000 106
kilo k 1,000 103
basic unit 1
milli m .001 10
3
micro .000001 106
nano n .000000001 10
9
pico p .000000000001 10
12
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Current (I)
Flow of electrons past a point.
Unit of measurement is ampere (A).
1A = 1 coulomb of charge flowing past a
point for 1 second.
The electric current is defined as the rate of
change of electric charge with respect to time.
Basic Electrical Terms
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Resistance (R)
The opposition by an electrical conductor to
the flow of a current through itself, resulting in
a conversion of electrical energy into heat and
radiation. The SI derived unit of resistance is the ohm
().
Symbol: R.
Basic Electrical Terms
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Electromotive Force (emf)
Emf is the work done by the battery force
in moving unit charge from one electrodeto another
Unit of measurement is volt (V).
Basic Electrical Terms
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Atomic Theory - Foundation for Solid StateDevices
Atom- Smallest part of an element that retains
the characteristics of that element.
Compound- 2 or more elements chemically
combined.
MoleculeSmallest part of a compound.
Definitions
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What is electronic ?
What is electrical ?
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INTRODUCTION
Electronics is a branch of science and technologythat deals with the flow of electrons through
nonmetallicconductors, mainly semiconductorssuch
as silicon.
Electrical is a branch of science and technology,
which deal with the flow of electrons and other
charge carriers through metallic conductors such as
copper.
This distinction started around 1906 with the invention
of triode by Lee De Forest.
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Until 1950 this field was called "radio technology"
because its principal application was the design and
theory of radio transmitters, receivers and vacuumtubes.
The study of semiconductor devices and related
technology is considered a branch of physics,
whereas
The design and construction of electronic circuits to
solve practical problems come under electronicsengineering.
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Types of circuits
Analog & Digital Circuits
Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltageasopposed to discrete levelsas in digital circuits.
One rarely finds modern circuits that are entirelyanalog.
These days analog circuitry may use digital or even
microprocessor techniques to improve performance.
This type of circuit is usually called "mixed signal"
rather than analog or digital.
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Difficult to differentiate between analogand digital circuits ----> have elements
of both linear and non-linear operation.
Digital circuits are electric circuits based
on a number of discrete voltage levels.
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CONDUCTOR
In science and engineering, an electrical
conductor is a material which contains
movable electric charges.
In metallic conductors, such as copper or
aluminum, the movable charged particles areelectrons.
Positive charges may also be mobile in the
form of atoms in a lattice that are missingelectrons (known as holes), or in the form of
ions, such as in the electrolyte of a battery.
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All conductors contain electric charges
which will move when an electric potentialdifferenceis applied across separate points
on the material.
This flow of charge is what is meant byelectric current.
In most materials ---> obey Ohm's law,
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Most familiar conductors are metallic.
Copper is the most common material used
for electrical wiring.
Gold is the best conductor, but is expensive.
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The motion of charges also creates an
electromagnetic field around the
conductor.
Gold is used for high-quality surface-to-
surface contacts.
However, there are also many non-
metallic conductors, including graphite,
solutions of salts, and all plasmas.
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An insulator, also called a dielectric, is amaterial that resists the flow of electric
current.
An insulating material has atoms with tightlybonded valence electrons.
The best insulators have 8 valance
electron.
Glass or Teflon are very good electrical
insulators.
INSULATOR
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A much larger class of materials, forexample rubber-like polymers and most
plastics are still "good enough" to insulate
electrical wiring and cables even though
they may have lower bulk resistivity.
These materials can serve as practical and
safe insulators for low to moderate voltages
(hundreds, or even thousands, of volts).
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SEMICONDUCTOR
Semiconductor is a material that haselectrical properties (resistivity/conductivity)value between that of a conductor and aninsulator.
The best conductors have 1 valance electron,whereas the best insulators have 8 valenceelectrons.
The conductivity of a semiconductor materialcan be varied under an external electricalfield.
Semiconductor??
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Silicon is used to create most semi-conductors commercially.
Others ??
PERIODIC TABLE
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/Periodic%20Table.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/Periodic%20Table.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/Periodic%20Table.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/Periodic%20Table.doc8/11/2019 20140912140912 w 1 Introduction
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Energy Band gap
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ENERGY BAND DIAGRAM
Energy band diagram: (a) conductor (b) semiconductor (c) insulator
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ANY QUESTION??
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What have you learned today ??
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THE END