2014.02.Samsung.lte B4G Standardization

1EvolutionofLTETowardsB4GandBeyond

YongjunKwak,Ph.D.([email protected])

SamsungElectronicsCo.,Ltd.DigitalMediaandCommunicationsR&DCenter

2Tableofcontents

3GPPStandardizationStatus

CandidateTechnologiesforB4GandBeyond DevicetoDevice(D2D)Communication FullDimensionMIMO(FDMIMO) CoMP withNonIdealBackhaul NetworkAssistedinterferenceCancelationandSuppression(NAICS) MillimeterWave(mmWave)Communication

ConcludingRemarks

33GPPStandardizationStatus

43rd GenerationPartnershipProject InitiatedinDecember,1998fordevelopmentofwirelesscommunicationstandards

Collaborationbetweengroupsoftelecommunicationsassociations China:CCSA(ChinaCommunicationsStandardsAssociation) Europe:ETSI(EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute) Japan:ARIB(AssociationofRadioIndustriesandBusinesses),TTC(TelecommunicationTechnologyCommittee) Korea:TTA(TelecommunicationsTechnologyAssociation) USA:ATIS(AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions)

SpecificationworkdoneinTechnicalSpecificationGroups GERAN(GSM/EDGERadioAccessNetwork):GERANspecifiesGSMradiotechnology,includingGPRSandEDGE RAN (RadioAccessNetwork):RANspecifiestheUTRAN andthe EUTRAN SA (ServiceandSystemAspects):SAspecifiesservicerequirementsandoverallarchitectureof3GPPsystem CT (CoreNetworkandTerminals):CTspecifiesthecorenetworkandterminalpartsof3GPP

SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Confidential and Proprietary

WCDMA(1999)

WCDMA(1999)

HSDPA(2002)HSDPA(2002)

HSUPA(2005)HSUPA(2005)

LTE(2008)LTE

(2008)LTEA(2010)LTEA(2010)

B4G(2014)B4G(2014) 5G5G

CDMA,QPSK DL:16QAMAMC,HARQ

UL:AMC,HARQ DL:OFDMA,MIMOUL:SCFDMA

CoMP,CA,eICICUL:MIMO

backwardcompatible backwardcompatible

Rel99 Rel5 Rel6 Rel8 Rel10

Smallcells,FDMIMO

backwardcompatible?

Rel12

5IndustryParticipationin3GPP Over100companiesinvolvedinLTEspecificationdevelopment

MobileVendors:Samsung,Nokia,Blackberry,LGE,ZTE,Pantech,Motorola,HTC,Apple, SystemVendors:Ericsson,Huawei,AlcatelLucent,NokiaSiemensNetwork, ChipsetVendors:Qualcomm,Intel,MediaTek,Broadcom,NVIDIA, ServiceOperators:CMCC,Vodafone,Orange,Verizon,AT&T,KDDI,Sprint,Deutsche

Telekom,KoreaTelecom,SKTelecom,NTTDOCOMO,TelecomItalia,Softbank, MeasurementInstrumentVendors:AgilentTechnology,NI,Rohde&Schwarz, TerminalLocationProviders:TruePosition,PolarisWireless,.. ResearchFirms:InterDigital,ETRI,ITRI,III,


6LTERelease8:FirstLTESpecification


10ms radio frame, Tf

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9Subframe

Slot, Tslot 0.5 msec

1msec

#0

Resource Block (RB) Resource element

(k,l)

l=0 l=NsymbDL-1

Symbol

Subcarrier15kHz

k = nPRB*NSCRB

4x4DLMIMO

OFDMA/SCFDMA:1.4MHz 20MHz FlatRANarchitectureK

e

y

t

e

c

h

n

o

l

o

g

i

e

s

Requirements Target

Peak transmissionrate(Mbps) >100 (DL),>50(UL)

Peakspectralefficiency(bps/Hz) >5(DL),>2.5(UL)

Average cellspectralefficiency(bps/Hz/cell) >1.62.1(DL),>0.661.0(UL)

Celledgespectralefficiency(bps/Hz/user) >0.040.06 (DL),>0.020.03(UL)

Userplanelatency/Control planelatency(ms)

7LTERelease10:LTEAdvanced(LTEA)


K

e

y

t

e

c

h

n

o

l

o

g

i

e

s

CarrierAggregation

8x8DLMIMO

4x4ULMIMO

TimedomainIntercellInterferenceCoordination

Cellrangeexpansion

AlmostBlankSubframe

Requirement Target

Peak transmissionrate(Mbps) 1000 (DL),500(UL)

Peakspectralefficiency(bps/Hz) 30(DL),15(UL)

Average cellspectralefficiency(bps/Hz/cell) 2.43.7(DL),1.22.0(UL)

Celledgespectralefficiency(bps/Hz/user) 0.070.12 (DL),0.040.07(UL)

8LTERelease11:NetworkCoordinationforLTE


KeyTechnology:CoMP (CoordinatedMultiPointTransmissionandReception) Allowsnetworktocoordinatewirelessresources(time,frequency,transmissionpower,etc) Significantimprovementinsystemperformance(Average:20~30%,Edge:30~40%) WellsuitedforCRAN(CentralizedRadioAccessNetwork)

9OngoingLTEEnhancement


10

LTERoadmap

1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Release11(LTEA)

Release12(Beyond4G)

Release13(Beyond4G)

2011.09

Stage1 Stage3 ASN.1Freeze

2011.03

Stage1Rel12andonwardsWS

2012.62014.06

Stage3 ASN.1Freeze

2014.09

2012.09 2013.03

Release14(5G)

1H 2H

2017

ProjectedcompletionofR13

ProjectedcompletionofR14


11

CandidateTechnologiesforB4GandBeyond

12

DevicetoDeviceCommunication

13

DevicetoDevice(D2D)Overview Cellularcommunication

14

DevicetoDevice(D2D)Overview Directcommunicationbetweendevices


15

D2DTechniques WifiDirect

Targetusecase:peertopeerconnectivity Usingunlicensedband(2.4GHz,5GHz)basedonWifi Currentlyused(standardizationcompleted)

D2Dproximitybasedservice(D2DProSe)inLTE Targetusecase:Discoverybasedproximityservice(Advertisement,SNS,etc) Usinglicensedband(*850MHz1,3,900MHz2,1800MHz1,2,2100MHz3)basedonLTE Currentlystandardizedin3GPP


*(1:SKTelecom,2:KT,3:LGUplus)

WifiDirectusecases

16

WifiDirectvs.D2DProSe

WifiDirect:twostepdiscovery Devicediscovery:broadcastrequest

followedbyunicastresponse Servicediscovery:Inquestrequest

followedbyunicastresponse

LTEProSe:onestepdiscovery Devicebroadcastitsdiscoveryand

serviceinformationtogether Fasterdiscoverywithlowpower

consumption

Step 1 device discovery

Device & service discovery in one stepStep 2 service discovery

WifiDirectvs.D2DProSe

17

Delay Longdiscoveringtimeforservicediscovery

Scalability Thenumberofconnecteddevicesislimited.

Range Smallrange(lessthan100meter)

PowerConsumption Asynchronouscarriersensingprotocol

Interference Lowreliabilityoftheradiolink

LimitationofWifidirectWifiDirectvs.D2DProSe

18

D2DProse:ComponentTechniques

Peerdiscovery UEdiscoversotherUEsproximatetoitself Mainly forcommercialusecase

Directcommunication UEtransmitsdatatootherUE(s)withnetwork

assistanceinsidenetworkcoverage BroadcastcommunicationisstudiedinRel12

Outofnetworkcoverage D2Dcommunicationshouldalsobesupportedin

outofnetworkcoverage Keyfeatureforpublicsafetyusecase


19

D2DDiscovery:Physicaldesign


Designprinciple Type1discovery

NetworkconfiguresresourcepoolsforD2Ddiscovery D2DUErandomlyselectsaresourceinsidetheresourcepoolforthetransmissionD2D

UEtriestoreceivemultiplediscoverysignalsinsidetheresourcepool Type2discovery

NetworkallocatesaUEwheretotransmititsdiscovery

Resource pool for D2D discovery

WAN data WAN data WAN data

... ...

... ...



P

R

B

s

subframes

20

D2DDiscovery:Possiblescenario


21

D2DDirectcommunication:Synchronization


Synchronizationprocedure IfnosynchronizationsourceisdetectedbyaUE,aUEmaytransmitD2DSS(D2D

syncSignal) D2DSSrelayingisconsidered UEsynchronizeitsreceivertothedetectedD2DSStransmittedfromasyncsource UEdetectsasyncsourceasfollows

ENBsynchronizationhasthehighestpriorityasasyncsourceforD2DUEs SynchronizationsourceswhichareUEswithinnetworkcoveragehaveahigherpriority

thansynchronizationsourceswhichareUEsoutsidenetworkcoverage

CelleNB

D2DUE3:IndependentSyncsource

cluster

D2DUE1

D2DUE2

22

D2DDirectcommunication:Datascheduling

SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Confidential and Proprietary SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Confidential and Proprietary

Cell

eNB

clusterUE1

UE5

UE3UE4

Tx

RxTx Rx

UE2

Tx

Rx

UE6Rx

SchedulingD2DData(Broadcast)

Resourceallocationprocedure Mode1:eNB schedulestheexactresourcesusedbyaUEtotransmitdirectdata

Mainlyusedforinsidenetworkcoverage Mode2:atransmittingUEonitsownselectsresourcestotransmitdirectdata

Mainlyusedforoutofnetworkcoverage Tobediscussedin3GPPhowtoscheduleforpartialcoveragecase

Mode1resourceallocation

Mode2resourceallocation

23

FullDimensionMIMO

24

FullDimensionMIMO(FDMIMO)Concept Utilizationoftwodimensionalantennaarray

Allowsflexiblebeamforminginbothazimuthandelevationdomain HighorderMUMIMO

SimultaneoustransmissiontolargenumberofUEs

4xCPRI

IP network

25

2DimensionalBeamforming Example1:70/70degreeswithoutdowntilt

Example2:70/40degreeswithout30degreesdowntilt


28antennas 48antennas 88antennas

28antennas 48antennas 88antennas

26

1DimensionalArray(64x1):dH =0.5


902 701

100

,70

1

1

110

,90

2

2

MUinterferencevirtuallynonexistentusing64antennahorizontalbeamforming

At700MHz,64antennaswithhalflambdaspacingis15mlong!

27

2DimensionalPlane(8x8):dH =0.5,dV =0.5


Azimuth

Elevation

LowMUinterferencefromhorizontalbeamforming

HighMUinterferencefromverticalbeamforming

701 902

1001 1102

28

2DimensionalPlane(8x8):dH =0.5,dV =4


701 902

1001 1102

AzimuthLowMUinterferencefromhorizontalbeamforming

ElevationLowMUinterferencefromverticalbeamforming

29

FDMIMOStandardizationStatus


Newscenarios Newchannelmodel

Newantennamodel NewpathlossandLOSprobabilitymodel Simplifiedmodel Elementgeneratedmodel Example:10 vs.M=8elementpatternforverticaldomain

TR36.814 NewModel

1

1

1

1

1

Scattersinverticaldomain

CorrelationforLSparameter

DSDS

K

SF

ASD

ASA

K SF ASD ASA1

1

1

1

1

1

1

DS K SF ASD ASA ESD ESADS

K

SF

ASD

ASA

ESD

ESA

TX

RXASD

ASAESD

ESA

Scatter

PathlossgainforhighriseUE LOSprob.ofhighriseUE

PL=PLOS(HUT)

PL=PNLOS(HUT=1.5m)Heightgain=a(HUT1.5)

UMi (Urbanmicro) UMa (Urbanmacro)

Highrisescenario Stadium,mall,airport

6~8floors

10m

TX

6~8floors25m

20floors

30

FDMIMOSystemLevelSimulation SimulationSetup:

Twotier57sectors

K=10~30UEspersector

Centerfrequency2GHz,bandwidth10MHz

UEspeed3km/huniformlydistributed

UE:2Rx,1Tx


NT-V

NT-H NT-H

NT-V

11

Element gain- 3dB BW-V:90 degree- 3dB BW-H:90 degree- Peak gain: 6.4dBi

31

FDMIMOEvaluationResults(1/3) Performancewithminimumspacingofhalfortwobetweenelements

NT =NV xNH=8,16,32,64antennaelements With2spacinginverticaldomain,achieve57%gainoverhalfspacing Metric:AverageCellthroughput(bps/Hz)


(V/H)=(0.5/0.5)spacing (V/H)=(0.5/2)spacing

32

CoMP withNonIdealBackhaul

33

IntereNB CoMP withNonIdealBackhaul

Release11CoMP Release12CoMPNIB

Focusesonairinterfaceaspectonly ReliesonproprietaryinterfacebetweeneNBs

Notdesignedforrobustperformanceinnetworkswithnonidealbackhaul

ShouldsupportnetworkinterfaceforintereNB coordination SupportcoordinationamongeNBs ofdifferentvendors

Designtoproviderobustperformanceeveninnetworkswithnonidealbackhaul

34

CentralizedSchedulingBetweeneNBs Stage1:Resourcecoordination

CentralresourcecoordinatordecideswhichTPgetswhichfrequency/timeresource Relativelyrobustagainstbackhaullatency

Stage2:UEselectionandlinkadaptation ConveysresourcecoordinationresulttoTPs

EachTPisnotifiedofitsownresourceallocationandthoseofneighboringTPs

EachTPrunschannelopportunisticschedulerbasedonlatestCSIfromUEs


UEsreportsCSItoeNB

eNBs forwardCSItoresourcecoordinator

ResourcecoordinatordecideswhicheNB gets

whichresource ResourcecoordinatornotifiesresourceallocationtoeNBs

eNBs useslatestCSIandresourcecoordinationofothereNBs toperformscheduling

35

TwoStageResourceAllocation Stage1:Resourcecoordination

CentralresourcecoordinatordecideswhichTPgetswhichfrequency/timeresource Relativelyrobustagainstbackhaullatency

Stage2:UEselectionandlinkadaptation ConveysresourcecoordinationresulttoTPs

EachTPisnotifiedofitsownresourceallocationandthoseofneighboringTPs

EachTPrunschannelopportunisticschedulerbasedonlatestCSIfromUEs

Impactoftimedelay Resourcecoordination:lesssensitive canhandlelargertimedelays UEselectionandlinkadaptation:moresensitive largeperformancedegradation


36

IntereNB CoMP EvaluationResults Coordinationsize:N cells

2N1ON/OFFcombinationsconsidered Lefttableconsiders7combinations

ResourcecoordinatorselectsON/OFFcombinationwithbestmetric

Resourcecoordinatorinformseachcellsschedulerofresourceallocation

Cell2:noresourceassigned Cell1:resourceassigned Cell3:resourceassigned

Resourcecoordinatorinformseachcellsschedulerofinterferingcells

Cell2: Cell1:notifiedthatCell3isinterfering Cell3:notifiedthatCell1isinterfering

EachcellsschedulerselectsUEsandadjustsMCSlevelaccordingtointerferingcell(s)


Cell1 Cell2 Cell3 SumRate

Alt1ON/OFF ON ON ON

5Rate 2 1 2

Alt 2ON/OFF ON ON OFF

4.8(0.2)Rate 2.3(0.3) 2.5(1.5)

Alt 3ON/OFF ON OFF ON

6.5(1.5)Rate 3.5(1.5) 3(1)

Alt 4ON/OFF ON OFF OFF

4(1)Rate 4(2)

Alt 5ON/OFF OFF ON ON

5.5 (0.5)Rate 2.5(1.5) 3(1)

Alt 6ON/OFF OFF ON OFF

4(1)Rate 4(3)

Alt 7ON/OFF OFF OFF ON

4.5(0.5)Rate 4.5(2.5)

37

NetworkAssistedInterferenceCancellationandSuppression

38

NetworkAssistedInterferenceCancellation/Suppression Advancedreceiversforterminals

Canboostsystemperformanceandenduserexperience

Requireshighlycomplexterminalimplementation

NAICS(NetworkAssistedInterferenceCancellation/Suppression) Networkprovidesinformationoninterferencetoterminal

Basedonnetworkinformation,terminalappliesadvancedreceiver


NAICSforintercellinterference NAICSforintracellinterference

CellA&CellBexchangeinfoonPDSCHA &PDSCHB Infooninterferenceisforwardedtoterminals Intercellinterferencecancellation/suppression

InfoonPDSCHA &PDSCHB areavailableateNB Noneedforinformationexchange

InfooninterferenceisforwardedtoterminalsMUMIMOinterferencecancellation/suppression

39

NAICSEvaluationResults Jointsymbollevelreducedmaximumlikelihoodreceiver

Inputtoturbodecoderiscalculatedassumingknowledgeofinterferencemodulation Randominterferenceofadiscreteconstellation(QPSK,16QAM,64QAM,etc)

LLRcalculationisdoneassuminginterferenceofadiscreteconstellation ComparedtoazeromeanGaussiandistribution


IsInmS

IsInmS

I nmS

I nmS

DD

P

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bPbP

LLR

XX

X IS

X IS

nm

nmnm

xxxx

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maxmax

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MeanPacketRate(bps/Hz) PacketRate@5%tile(bps/Hz) PacketRate@50%tile(bps/Hz)

MMSEIRC 1.66 0.0% 0.26 0.0% 1.23 0.0%RML 1.82 9.4% 0.30 17.0% 1.42 15.4%

MeanPacketRate(bps/Hz) PacketRate@5%tile(bps/Hz) PacketRate@50%tile(bps/Hz)

MMSEIRC 1.10 0.0% 0.12 0.0% 0.71 0.0%RML 1.31 19.0% 0.17 32.5% 0.92 28.8%

Simulationresults@60%RUforNAICSscenario1

Simulationresults@40%RUforNAICSscenario1

40

MillimeterWaveCommunication

41

SpectrumCandidates Requirement:LargeChunksofContiguousSpectrum

Examples:13.4~14GHz,18.1~18.6GHz,27~29.5GHz,38~39.5GHz,etc.

EESS(EarthExplorationSatelliteService)FSS(FixedSatelliteService)RL(RadioLocation service),MS(MobileService)FS(FixedService)PP(PointtoPoint)LMDS(LocalMultipointDistributionServices)

42

FriisEquationinFreeSpace(1/2)


43

FriisEquationinFreeSpace(2/2)


44

PrototypeformmWave Beamforming SamsungsdemosystemformmWave mobiletechnology

Adaptiveantennaarraytechnology Evaluatedinoutdoorenvironment


CarrierFrequency 27.925GHz

Bandwidth 500MHz

Max.Tx Power 37dBm

Beamwidth (HalfPower) 10o

45

TestResults Range OutdoorLineofSight(LoS)rangetest

Errorfreecommunicationpossibleat1.7kmwith>10dBTx powerheadroom

PencilBFbothattransmitterandreceiverenableslongrangecommunication


46

TestResults Mobility OutdoorNonLineofSight(NLoS)mobilitytests

Adaptivejointbeamformingandtrackingeffectiveat8km/hmobilityeveninNLOS


47

TestResults BuildingPenetration OutdoortoIndoorpenetrationtests

MosttransmissionssuccessfullyreceivedbyanindoorMSfromanoutdoorBS Successfulpenetrationoftransmissionsthroughtintedglassesanddoors


48

ConcludingRemarks

49

EvolutionTowardsB4GandBeyond Wirelessstandardshaveevolvedthroughouttheyears

1G(AMPS) 2G(GSM,IS95) 3G(WCDMA,cdma2000) 4G(LTE,Wibro)

Witheachgenerationcamenewfeaturesandcapabilities 1G 2G(1990s):Analog Digital(10kbps) 2G 3G(~2000):higherthan200kbps,CDMA 3G 4G(~2010):higherthan1Gbps,OFDMA,MIMO 4G B4G(~2015):FDMIMO,smallcellenhancement,D2D B4G 5G:?

B4Gand5Gevolutionwillbringinyetanothersetoffeatures Tohandleexplosionofwirelesstraffic

Tobemorecosteffective

Tohandledifferentservices,communicationscenarios,devices


2014.02.Samsung.lte B4G Standardization

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